International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2017)
Design of a Brain Computer Interface for Stress Removal Using Yoga a Smartphone Application Ankita Tiwari
Rajinder Tiwari
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Lucknow, India
[email protected]
Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Amity School of Engineering and Technology Lucknow, India
[email protected]
Abstract—In this paper there is a design application of a smart system which detects the stress directly from a human brain, as a Brain Computer Interface provides a direct channel to interface outside object or device and a living brain. This interface helps the person to send the messages or commands from his brain or it can also be said that only thought process can be performed without any muscle movement. Stress is a concept which directly affects a human brain. Electroencephalogram signals are used here for measurement of the response, generated by millions of nerve cells known as neurons. These activities can be recorded by electrodes placed on scalp. Here in this paper and idea for developing a system that is serving fruitful solution for the problem by giving a system which is smart enough to use a Yoga and Music Therapy. The only objective is to provide relaxation to the subject or person.
reasons from the subject directly in controlling the commands for a neuroprosthesis [1] or for any computer application. The result of these signals are estimated and also measured from the scalp of a human being. The operation will be successful only when the interfacing depends upon creating the balance between technological complexities which involved in the interpreting human brain signals including some amount of trainings required for designing a Brain Computer Interface or BCI system. This era is completely dedicated to smart phones and they are widely used for various purposes and also number of applications are being developed and also have been available.
Keywords—Electroencephalography (EEG), EEG cap, Smartphone, Bluetooth wireless, Mental Stress Recognition, Microcontroller, and Music Therapy.
I.
INTRODUCTION
Now a day’s stress is the reaction of a body and it also needs to be adjusted. Body of a human being is designed in such a way that they can experience it and also reacts on it. Stress is of two types one is positive and other is negative [4]. Positive stress is to keeping person to alert and also ready to avoid the danger and in case of negative stress person can feel mental or physical or emotional imbalances [2]. There are a lot of methods available for reducing the problem of stress some of which are yoga or other relaxation therapy like music or drugs are also available. Every person have its own capability of dealing with the stress such as for some yoga is beneficial and for some music is beneficial and a part of that some are also available for which both methods are not reacting anymore they have to use other drugs from its relaxation [3]. But yoga and music are well known and most applied method for stress relief. A method, Brain Computer Interface [5],[24],[25] is about acquiring and also analyzing the electroencephalogram signals generated in this brain and the goal is to create a direct communication pathbetween the external devices and a human. This system shows that the neural impulses generated by the brain of a person are detected, elaborating its results and utilized by the machine, these signals translates the
Fig.1
Flow Diagram
There is an idea of creating an app which consist Music and Yoga both therapies [7] for distressing the person. This application works on android operating system and it uses the raw data of EEG [6], [26] and the new EEG data which is acquired from the headset with the help of any communication media like Bluetooth module with the help of BCI. This application includes 6 different Yoga asanas andbreathing exercises with complete instruction set and also a Music box available in it which contains some tracks for performing Music therapy. II.
RELATION BETWEEN YOGA AND STRESS
If the yoga is defined there are some words which combines those are mind and body, so when mind body practices
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International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2017)
combines that exercise is known as yoga. In these practices poses (known as asanas), breathing control, and relaxation or meditation are included by which the stress is reduced. As in psychological terms, a human is in stress only when he has thoughts about his past or future. If person is concentrating on his present then there is no place for this stress. Yoga basically helps the human being to concentrate on his present. The posture which is mentioned during yoga is little bit complex that the human should concentrate on that and there a count of breath in every exercise. So due to this when is human is performing yoga he definitely forget about his past and future. There is another term and that is breathing, as science increases there are many anecdotal evidences appears. A recent study proved that the level of amino acid (GABA) in the persons who regularly practices yoga and continuously go for a routine walk are strengthening same. Scientist also found that the yoga practitioners have higher level of significance. For functioning of brain and the central nervous system this acid is vital and is helpful in promoting the feelings to calm inside human body. When the level of GABA is low, it causes the brain with anxiety and depression and when its amount increases human founds in lower level of anxiety and mood is also better in comparison to walkers. These facts are found in a study by Massachusetts that deep physiological state of the rest induced by three elements of yoga that are posture, breathing and meditation, which helps in producing energy metabolism, immune function and insulin secretion. By the help of this literature review the author is designing an application in which the two methods are available for stress removal that are music and yoga and also a survey attached that which gives better result. III.
ARCHITECTURE
and also functional. And Gamma waves being fast in terms of frequencies, subtle and complex. It is a helpful analogy to learn about Brainwaves as musical notes. The low frequency waves such as a deeply penetrating drum beat, while a higher frequency waves just like a subtle of high pitched flute. The speed or frequency of brainwaves are measured in Hz (cycles per second) and are divided into different frequency bands like delineating slow waves, moderate frequency waves and fast waves. So the human brain frequencies [13] can be divided into different bandwidth and different neural activity are mentioned. ● ● ● ● ●
Fig.2
Delta waves Theta waves Alpha waves Beta waves Gamma waves
EEG waves on different states of mind [12]
EEG signals are most often used in diagnosing the neural abnormalities. The figure 2 below shows the position of electrodes placing on human scalp.
The architecture of the complete system has been divided into some given sections first a description of EEG, second yoga after that other equipment introduced. A. Electroencephalography Electroencephalogram or EEG signals are used to measure electric pulses which are transmitted by the brain. These signals are achieved by using single electrode or multiple electrode configuration can be measured in the difference in voltage [8], [27]. This is used for recording of the electrical activities of an individual’s scalp. The EEG signals measures thefluctuation in voltages due to flow of current pulses within neurons during any neural activity of the human brain. EEG refers to recording of the spontaneous electrical activity [9], [28] of the human brain over the short period of time. These diagnostic application generally focuses on spectral content of the EEG signals, it is a type of neural oscillations that are observed in the EEG signals. EEG signals are divided into bandwidths [10], [29] and they describe their activities, but these divisions are the best thought of the continuous bandwidth spectrum of consciousness. In this case Delta waves [11] becomes slow in frequencies and loud in amplitude
Fig.3
Position of Electrodes on human scalp
B. EEG Headcap The cap which is used for EEG data acquisition and the visualization for the stages which are prototype. The cap consists dry electrode and it will be places on forehead and also have an ear clip which works as ground.
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International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2017)
There is a dry sensor (Fp1) electrode [16], [30] picked a signal and a reference potential available and the ear clip providing ground to the complete system. The difference of these two signals are being taken by common mode rejection and used to serve an EEG channel, it also amplified the fainted EEG signals. Those signals which are passing through digital as well as analog low filter and also high filter for retaining signals generally in 1-50 Hz frequency range. When the system has proper connection after removal of aliasing, signals sampled at the rate of 128 Hz or 512 Hz [15], [31] ultimately. Every second the signal is analyzing in time domain for the detection and correction of noise artifacts as possible, when it is retaining as much as original signal using the NeuroSky’s proprietary algorithms [14]. A standard signal filtering method is performed on the signals and the final signal is been checked again and again for artifacts in frequency domain and also noise checking. Fig. 5
Window listing different yoga asanas
Music Therapy Here is a new step added with this which includes music therapy [23]. In this set of music albums included which provide relax to the brain waves [22]. And the brain of a human being reached at the level of relax state.
iii.
Fig.4
Headset (NeuroSky)
C. Application used on Android Phone i.
Bluetooth Connection As the smart phones connected various devices with the help of Bluetooth [17] this head cap can also be connected to the mobile phone having Android OS. This NeuroSky headset requires following specifications for the connection point of view. They are as, BT version : 3.0 BT Output Power: Class 2 Minimum Voltage: 1 Volt Range : 10 m Power Consumption: 80 mA Serial (UART) : VCC, GND, Rx, Tx Baud rate : 57600 Baud [18]
Fig. 6
When the system is successfully connected to the headset at that time application should be open on Smart Phone [19]. ii. Yoga There is an activity window which tells you to perform the yoga. In the given application only 6 yoga techniques [20] are included and some breathing exercises [21] and here the person can apply those instructions those are given in different windows. The system will take 120 seconds which displays in screen.
Window including both Music and Yoga blocks
When the subject will click on proceeding to the Music therapy option the window of different tunes will open and shows the waves in a graphical form and it shows the level of meditation during Music therapy session. The figure 7 which is shown below is showing the representation which is at the time of opening the music block or clicking on it.
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International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2017)
This is conducted for 150 members in between the age group of 16 to 60, where 70 persons reading is better while using yoga, rest 35 feeling relaxed after using music therapy and rest are having no results. V.
CONCLUSION
As stress is a most common problem available these days. So for the mankind in this era we are developing an app for releasing a brain from stress by making a little effort which consumes less time. The cost of the application is also very less but the EEG headset is costly.
Fig.7
Here designer focused on 6 yoga asanas which helps in meditation and music therapy which helps in reduction of stress. The steps of those 6 asanas are given in written as well as in form of speech pictures for posture management are also available. And the system has been designed in such a way so that there are harmless efforts made in natural way. Yoga and music both are harmless approaches and in these busy days person must aware about that the old techniques are always the best way to give us positive result.
Window is showing the GUI Android (sample)
The graphical representation which is given above is showing three different type of waveforms, ● Red wave is representing the EEG data (raw) reads after the subject is using Music Therapy ● Green is showing that the EEG signals are taken after subject is using Yoga Therapy. ● Blue is representing that the EEG signals are taken before using any therapy. There are not only benefits but certain limitations are also available which are due to dynamic nature of EEG readings. The signal processing time is much larger in rate occasions due to suddenly changing frequencies. IV.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors are thankful to Hon’ble C – VI, Mr. Aseem Chauhan (Additional President, RBEF and Chancellor AUR, Jaipur), Maj. General K. K. Ohri (AVSM, Retd.) ProVC Amity University, Uttar Pradesh Lucknow, Wg. Cdr. Dr. Anil Kumar, Retd.(Director, ASET), Prof. S. T. H. Abidi (Professor Emeritus), Brig. U. K. Chopra, Retd.(Director AIIT), Prof. H K Dwivedi (Director, ASAP), Prof O. P. Singh (HOD, Electrical & Electronics Engg.) and Prof. N. Ram (Dy. Director ASET) for their motivation, kind cooperation, and suggestions. REFERENCES
RESULT AND ANALYSIS
This app is used by several persons during the time of stress. Some would have been relaxed by yoga steps and some were been relaxed by music therapy there are some cases who may not be relaxed by any of the method but the positive result have been taken from 90 percent of the total subject persons. There is a graphical representation available for the rate of patient or subject to the music therapy or yoga relaxation and also in case of no result found.
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[9] Fig.8
Survey Result
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International Conference on Computing, Communication and Automation (ICCCA2017)
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