Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 657 – 664
F: @F7D@3F;A@3>A@87D7@57 @F7D6;E5;B>;@3D;FK;@@9;@77D;@9 %*(% &5FA47D
*;D9G$GD7E(A?3@;3
7E;9@A8 DA4GEF 5A@FDA>8AD);@9>7$35:;@7 @8;@;F7GEEKEF7? $;D573G>3G3AD;@;534 *+
.8*: ?3F:7?3F;53> ?A67> A8 F:7 EK@5:DA@AGE 97@7D3FAD *:7 E75A@6 AD67D ?A67> A8 );@9>7 $35:;@7 @8;@;F7 GE )$ EKEF7? ;E GE76 FA 67H7>AB 3 DA4GEF 5A@FDA>>7D 4K ;@8;@;F7 EK@F:7E;E F75:@;CG7E I:;5: 9G3D3@F77 EF34;>;FK 3@6 B7D8AD?3@57 +E;@9 $3F>34 EA8FI3D7 835;>;F;7E F:7 8D7CG7@5K 5:3D35F7D;EF;5E A8 E7@E;F;H;F;7E8G@5F;A@E3@6F:7?75:3@;53>BAI7DF;?7D7EBA@E7;@5>AE7>AAB5A@@75F;A@I;F:F:767E;9@765A@FDA>>7D :3H7477@ E;?G>3F76 M © 2015 *:7GF:ADE 'G4>;E:764K>E7H;7D#F6 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). )7>75F;A@3@6 ADB77DD7H;7IG@67DD7EBA@E;4;>;FKA8W'7FDG$3;ADX+@;H7DE;FKA8*;D9G$GD7E35G>FKA8@9;@77D;@9 Peer-review under responsibility of “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering .A?7:-; EK@5:DA@AGE97@7D3FAD )$ DA4GEF5A@FDA> ;@8;@;F7EK@F:7E;E ?;J76E7@E;F;H;FK
" #" AD3@KBAI7DEKEF7?F:7EK@5:DA@AGE 97@7D3FADE 3D7BDA434>KF:7?AEF;?BADF3@F5A?BA@7@FE 3@6F:767E;9@A8 F:7BAI7DEKEF7?EF34;>;L7DEF3DFEI;F:3?3F:7?3F;53>?A67>A8F:7E7 7B7@6;@9 A@ F:7 @3FGD7 A8 F:7 EFG6K E7H7D3> ?A67>E A8 3 EK@5:DA@AGE 97@7D3FAD :3H;@9 6;887D7@F >7H7>E A8 5A?B>7J;FK:3H7477@67H7>AB763@6BD7E7@F76;@1 2 *:7;D 6K@3?;5 47:3H;AGD :3E 3>EA 477@EFG6;76;@ 1 2 *:7F75:@;CG7EA8 F:7 DA4GEF5A@FDA>67E;9@ :3H7477@67H7>AB76;@1 2 ;887D7@F FKB7EA8 5A@FDA>>7DE67E;9@76 4K 5A@H7@F;A@3>' 8GLLK>A9;5 >AABE:3B;@9AD EK@F:7E;E?7F:A6E3@63BB>;76A@ BAI7DEKEF7?E3D7BD7E7@F76;@1 2 *:78A>>AI;@9E75F;A@A8F:7B3B7D 5A@F3;@E F:7;@BGFAGFBGF3@6;@BGFEF3F7AGFBGF?3F:7?3F;53>?A67>>;@9A8F:7
ADD7EBA@6;@93GF:AD *7>
5*24*--:.;; ?;D573 6G>3G;@9 GB? DA
2212-0173 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2015.02.093
658
Mircea Dulau and Dorin Bica / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 657 – 664
EK@5:DA@AGE 97@7D3FAD 3@6 3@ AH7DH;7I A8 F:7 EG4ABF;?3> 5A@FDA> BDA4>7? @ F:7 @7JF E75F;A@E F:7D7 3D7 BD7E7@F76 F:767E;9@A8F:7DA4GEF5A@FDA>>7D8AD3E;?B>;8;76)$ EKEF7?43E76 A@?;J76E7@E;F;H;FKF75:@;CG7E F:7?3;@5:3D35F7D;EF;5ED7>3F76FAE7@E;F;H;FK8G@5F;A@E 3@6 F:7 5A@5>GE;A@E ""!& #! " *:7 EK@5:DA@AGE97@7D3FAD;ED7BD7E7@F764K3E75A@6AD67D6;887D7@F;3>7CG3F;A@ *:76;887D7@F;3>7CG3F;A@F:3F 67E5D;47E F:7 3557>7D3F;A@ A8 F:7 EK@5:DA@AGE 97@7D3FAD 6G7 FA 3@K ;?43>3@57 47FI77@ ?75:3@;53> FADCG7 3@6 7>75FDA?39@7F;5FADCG7;E 1 2
-5 $* $5 $. -
3D H7>A5;FK A8 F:7 DAFAD 1D36 E75 2 $* U F:73557>7D3F;@9FADCG71%?2 $5 U F:7?75:3@;53>FADCG71%?2 $. U F:77>75FD;53>FADCG71%?2 JBD7EE76;@ B G B7DG@;F 3@65A@E;67D;@9 #+ 5 F:76;887D7@F;3>7CG3F;A@ 53@47@AD?3>;L76 3E
$ $ - 5 5 5 . -< 5 #+
I:7D7 ;E F:7;@7DF;35A@EF3@FDAFAD=;@7F;57@7D9KEFAD76;@DAF3F;@9?3EE1!AG>72 #+ U F:797@7D3FAD43E7D3F;@9 1,2 5 U F:7D3F763@9G>3DH7>A5;FKA8F:7DAFAD1D36 E75 2 *3=;@9;@FA355AG@FF:73@9G>3DH7>A5;FKA8F:7DAFAD : 3@6F:7D3F763@9G>3DH7>A5;FK ;F D7EG>FE
5 : 5
*:7 6;887D7@57 47FI77@ F:7 ?75:3@;53> 3@6 7>75FDA?39@7F;5 FADCG7E 1B G 2 ;E 3BBDAJ;?3F7>K 7CG3> FA F:7 6;887D7@5747FI77@F:7?75:3@;53> BAI7D3@67>75FD;53>BAI7D1B G 2
$ $ 5 5 . !5 !. #+
3@68;@3>>K8DA?
- !5 !. -
>K F:7 6;887D7@F;3> 7CG3F;A@ 3>EA 5A@F3;@E 3 63?B;@9 FADCG7 5A?BA@7@F 1B G FADCG7 B G EB776 67H;3F;A@2D7EG>F;@9 1 2
- !5 !. -
79;H;@9F:7BAE;F;A@A8F:7DAFAD3F3@;@EF3@F G73FF:7;@EF3@F KDAF3F;@9D787D7@57EKEF7? ;FD7EG>FE
: <
A@E;67D;@9F:7 ?75:3@;53>EF3DF;@9F;?7A8F:7 97@7D3FAD3E 3@67CG3F;A@E3@6 ;F D7EG>FE F:7 ;@BGFEF3F7AGFBGF )& 7>75FDA?75:3@;53>?A67>A8F:7EK@5:DA@AGE97@7D3FAD1B G 23>EA53>>76 ;?260.9=*;E: F:7 EF736KEF3F7 I:7D7 F:7 ?75:3@;53> BAI7D ;E 7CG3> FA F:7 7>75FD;53> BAI7D !5 !. BAI7D3@9>7 EF736KEF3F7 5:3D35F7D;EF;5 3@6 F:7 DAFAD EB776 :3E D735:76 3 EF34>7 H3>G7 CG3F;A@E 53@47ID;FF7@3E
@ @ !. @ @ !5 @
% @ @ $ $
I:7D7
;EF:7EF3F7H75FAD8DA?F:797@7D3>8AD?A8F:7 )& D7BD7E7@F3F;A@ 1 2
% % # & % #
"" *:7EKEF7?FA475A@FDA>>76 !;@5>AE7>AAB5A@@75F;A@I;F:5A@FDA>>7D;E67B;5F76;@;9 I:7D7 : ;EF:7 D787D7@57 . ;EF:77DDAD = ;EF:75A??3@63@6 A ;EF:7AGFBGF 1 2 *:7B>3@F!;ED7BD7E7@F764KF:7FD3@E87D8G@5F;A@
! ; I:7D7 3D7F:7EKEF7??3FD;57E8DA? )& 7CG3F;A@E
660
Mircea Dulau and Dorin Bica / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 657 – 664
B B
&. &= :
.
=
!
A
B
;9 >AE7>AABEKEF7??;J76E7@E;F;H;FK
*:7 ;.6;22K F:7D7 3D7678;@76F:7 47*- 3@6 672;.;.6;22AABEKEF7? ;F ;E73EKFA676G57F:767B7@67@57E 47FI77@;@BGFE;9@3>:3@6AGFBGFE;9@3>E. = A *:7 ;.6;226 47 L7DA @ BD35F;53> 3BB>;53F;A@E 8AD 3 57DF3;@ D3@97 A8 8D7CG7@5;7E 3@ GBB7D 4AG@6 A@ F:7 B73= H3>G7 A8 F:7 ;.6;227?A8 5A@FDA>>7DEK@F:7E;E53@478AD?G>3F76 3E8A>>AIE 2>.6974D3;5 "2,,*>7D;E9;H7@4K
*-5
) ! !"
) 3D7 ?3FD;57E678;@76 ;@1 2 I:7D7
@ F:7 67E;9@ BDA576GD7 ;F ;E 3BBDABD;3F7 FA EB75;8K ?AD7 F:3@ A@7 B7D8AD?3@57 5AEF 8G@5F;A@ 7JBD7EE76 ?3F:7?3F;53>>K3E &. ! &. # ?;@ &= # ?;@ &= ! ;G676;@FAF:7;@F7D5A@@75F76EKEF7? 7 9 B &.. B &= = 3@6 B &< A *:7 7CG3F;A@ 678;@7E 3 BDA4>7? A8
[email protected] ;.6;22>76 # AH7D # AH7D $ I:;5: ?73@E 3 9AA6 FD35=;@9>;?;F3F;A@A8F:75A@FDA>E;9@3>7@7D9K3@6;@E7@E;F;H7FA6;EFGD43@57E );?;>3D>K F:7D7 3D7678;@76 # AH7D # AD # AH7D $ 3E
[email protected];.6;22 EKEF7? (A4GEF@7EE 3@6 B7D8AD?3@57E ;@ 5A@FDA> 53@ 47 EB75;8;76 4K ;?BAE;@9 E:3B7E 8AD 8D7CG7@5K 5:3D35F7D;EF;5E 8 F:7 E7@E;F;H;FK 8G@5F;A@ED7?3;@I;F:;@;?BAE765:3D35F7D;EF;5F:75A@FDA>A4>K F:7E7 EB75;8;53F;A@E ?3K 47 53BFGD76 4K 3@ GBB7D 4AG@6 A@ F:7 ?39@;FG67 A8 3 E7@E;F;H;FK 8G@5F;A@9;H7@4KF:77CG3F;A@ 3E
# 3
&. 3
I;F:I7;9:F &. E7>75F764K67E;9@7D3E
; +. . ; # +. &. 3
);?;>3D>K8AD5A?B>7?7@F3DKE7@E;F;H;FK8G@5F;A@ $ F:7I7;9:F &< I;>>47E7>75F763E
< ; +< ; +< $ &< 3
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
Mircea Dulau and Dorin Bica / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 657 – 664
;9 *:7;?BAE76E:3B7EA8I7;9:F;@98G@5F;A@E
;9 *:7 8D7CG7@5KD7EBA@E7EA8E7@E;F;H;FK8G@5F;A@
;9 *:78D7CG7@5KD7EBA@E7EA8F:75A?B>7?7@F3DKE7@E;F;H;FK 8G@5F;A@
;9 *:76K@3?;5D7EBA@E7A8F:75>AE7>AABEKEF7?
663
664
Mircea Dulau and Dorin Bica / Procedia Technology 19 (2015) 657 – 664
#!! *:7B3B7DBD7E7@FEF:7?3F:7?3F;53>?A67>>;@9 A83)$ EKEF7? 3@6F:7DA4GEF5A@FDA> A8F:;E GE;@9 3@;@BGF EF3F7AGFBGF 5>3EE;53> @6 AD67D ?A67> A8 3 E;@9>7 97@7D3FAD 5A@@75F76 FA 3@ ;@8;@;F7 4GE *:7 E;?G>3F;A@E 3@6 7JB7D;?7@F3>D7EG>FEI7D7A4F3;@76GE;@9$3F>34EA8FI3D7 );?G>3F;A@D7EG>FE5A@8;D?F:3FF:7BDABAE76DA4GEF5A@FDA>>7D:3EF:734;>;FKFA?3;@F3;@EF34;>;FK3@635:;7H7 F:7 67E;D76B7D8AD?3@57E47;@9;@E7@E;F;H7FA6;EFGD43@57E AD F:7 67E;9@ A8 5A@FDA>>7D ;F ;E H7DK ;?BADF3@F FA E7>75F F:7 BDAB7D I7;9:F 8G@5F;A@E @ DA4GEF 3@6 EG4ABF;?3> 5A@FDA> A8 F:7 )$ EKEF7? 6;887D7@F W36:A5X 3BBDA35:7E I7D7 F7EF76 *:7 H3>G7E A8 # 3@6 $ 7@EGD7 EG88;5;7@F?A6G>7?3D9;@3@6 3>>AIEF:7 >;?;F3F;A@A8 F:7AH7DE:AAF;@F:7D7EBA@E7FA6;EFGD43@57E G7FAF:75A?BGF3F;A@3>D7CG;D7?7@FEF:73BB>;53F;A@A8F:7 67:5 ?;@;?;L3F;A@ 8ADF:75A@FDA>>7D67E;9@ ;E5A?B>;53F763@6F:7D7>3F;H7>K:;9:AD67DA8F:7D7EG>F;@95A@FDA>>7D;E6;88;5G>FFA;?B>7?7@F @ F:7 @7JF EF397 ;F ;E @757EE3DK FA 67E;9@ F:7 DA4GEF 5A@FDA>>7D 5A@E;67D;@9 ;@ 366;F;A@ FA F:7 BD7E7@F76 BDA576GD7E F:7)$ ?A67>38875F764KG@57DF3;@F;7E I;F:5A@8;67@57;@F7DH3>E8ADF:7B3D3?7F7DE *:7 BD35F;53> ;?B>7?7@F3F;A@ A8 F:7 DA4GEF 5A@FDA>>7D I;>> 5A@E;67D F:7 ;?BAE76 B7D8AD?3@57E 3E EF736KEF3F7 7DDAD AH7DE:AAF FD3@E;7@FF;?77F5 $"! *:;EB3B7D;E43E76GBA@IAD=EGBBADF764KF:7@7D9K3@6>75FDAF75:@A>A9;7E$3@397?7@FD7E73D5:57@F7D ! 1 2 @67DEEA@7F3> 'AI7DEKEF7?E 6K@3?;5E3@65A@FDA> )I;EE767D3> @E;FGF7A8*75:@A>A9K 1 2 467EE3?36 7F 3> (A4GEF F75:@;CG7 8AD 67E;9@;@9 3@ 36H3@576 ' ')) 5A@FDA>>7D FA 7@:3@57 B7D8AD?3@57E 3@6 DA4GEF@7EE A8 3 )$ BAI7DEKEF7? (&$#34AD3FADK 7BF A8>75FD;53>7@9;@77D;@9 >97D;3 B 12 3>3E7F3> (A4GEF5A@FDA>FAA>4AJ 7FF;@9EF3DF769G;67 *:7$3F:-AD=E @5 12 ;=3E:'7F3> (A4GEF5A@FDA>;@BAI7DEKEF7?E )BD;@97D)5;7@57 @5 12 G>357F3> 'AI7DEKEF7?E 6K@3?;5E;@3?;53 E;EF7?7>AD 7>75FDA7@7D97F;57 'D;@F*75:'G4>;E:;@9AGE7 G5:3D7EF 12 AK>7!7F3> 776435=5A@FDA>F:7ADK $35?;>>3@'G4>;E:;@9A 12 D7?;3 $ 7F 3> 3@64AA= A8 7>75FD;53> BAI7D EKEF7? 6K@3?;5E $A67>;@9 EF34;>;FK 3@6 5A@FDA> -;>7K 'D7EE )7D;7E A@ 'AI7D @9;@77D;@9 12 G-7F3> (A4GEF5A@FDA>67E;9@I;F:$3F>34 )BD;@97D,7D>39#A@6A@#;?;F76 12 :83DA=:;)7F3> @3>KE;E3@6E;?G>3F;A@A8F:7E;@9>7?35:;@7;@8;@;F74GEI;F: BAI7DEKEF7?EF34;>;L7D3@6B3D3?7F7DEH3D;3F;A@78875FE @F7D@3F;A@3>A@87D7@57A@ @F7>>;97@F3@66H3@576)KEF7?E ) B U 1 2 7;63D; ( 7F 3> AAD6;@3F76 5A@FDA> A8 ')) 3@6 *) 8AD ;?BDAH;@9 FD3@E;7@F EF34;>;FK ;@ BAI7D EKEF7? I;F: 5A:7D7@F 97@7D3FADE )5;7@F;8;5G>>7F;@A8F:7Z'7FDG$3;ADX+@;H7DE;FKA8*;D9G$GD7E ,A> .., %A B U 1 2 A@7E5G,7F3> )KEF7?EF:7ADK (A4GEFEK@F:7E;E*7AD;3E;EF7?7>AD );@F7L3DA4GEF3 ##'G4>;E:;@9AGE7 G5:3D7EF 1 2 !3K3B3> ( 7F 3> 5A@FDA>>7D 67E;9@ 8AD 3 )$ 43E76 ')) ?A67> !AGD@3> A8 *:7AD7F;53> 3@6 BB>;76 @8AD?3F;A@ *75:@A>A9K !* * B 1 2 "7?;@0 EE7@F;3>EA8DA4GEF5A@FDA> 'D7@F;573>> %7I!7DE7K 1 2 "@3L=;@E, )F34;>;FKA8BAI7DEKEF7?EI;F:>3D973?AG@FEA86;EFD;4GF7697@7D3F;A@ A5FAD3>*:7E;E )FA5=:A>? 1 2 #3@ 7F 3> (A4GEF @A@>;@73D 5AAD6;@3F76 5A@FDA> A8 *) 3@6 97@7D3FAD 7J5;F3F;A@ *%&% (79;A@ A@87D7@57 ,A>E GEFD3>;3 B 1 2 $Q@7E5G# >75FD;5BAI7DEKEF7?E);EF7?77>75FDA7@7D97F;57 +@;H7DE;F3D;3'G4>;E:;@9AGE7 D3;AH3 1 2 &>F73@)7F3> $A67>;@93@6E;?G>3F;A@A8EF3F;5 H3D 5A?B7@E3FAD8GLLK5A@FDA>8ADBAI7DEKEF7?EF34;>;FK7@:3@57?7@F *:7F: 76;F;A@A8 F:7 @F7D6;E5;B>;@3D;FK;@@9;@77D;@9 @F7D@3F;A@3>A@87D7@57 @F7D@9 W'7FDG$3;ADX+@;H7DE;FKA8*ND9G$GD7S B U 1 2 'AB7E5G @3>KE;E3@6EK@F:7E;EA8DA4GEFEKEF7?E@3>;L3E;E;@F7L3E;EF7?7>ADDA4GEF7 +@;H7DE;F3D;3'G4>;E:;@9AGE7 D3;AH3 1 2 )GBD;K36;7F3> 7E;9@A8DA4GEFBAI7DEKEF7?EF34;>;L7D5A@E;67D;@9>7EE5A@FDA>7@7D9K @F7D@3F;A@3>!AGD@3>A8'AI7D>75FDA@;5E3@6 D;H7)KEF7? !'),A> %A B 1 2 )7@3?7& (A4GEF5A@FDA>A8$ $&EKEF7?E ')#34 1 2 -3@ / 7F 3> ;@8 5A@FDA> A8 E;@9>7?35:;@7 ;@8;@;F7 4GE BAI7D EKEF7?E I;F: EGB7D5A@6G5F;@9 ?39@7F;5 7@7D9K EFAD397 43E76 A@ 7@7D9K E:3B;@93@6435=EF7BB;@9 A@FDA>F:7ADK3@63BB>;53F;A@E * ,A> EEG7 B U