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Designing Multithreaded Programs in C++0x Anthony Williams Just Software Solutions Ltd http://www.justsoftwaresolutions.co.uk
23rd April 2009
Designing Multithreaded Programs in C++0x
Why multithreading is hard Overview of the C++0x tools to help Examples Testing and designing concurrent code
Anthony Williams Designing Multithreaded Programs in C++0x
Just Software Solutions Ltd http://www.justsoftwaresolutions.co.uk
Multithreading is Hard
It’s not the threads themselves, it’s the communication that causes problems. Mutable shared state introduces implicit communication.
The number of possible states increases dramatically as the number of threads increases. There are several concurrency-specific types of bugs. The performance of different approaches can vary considerably, and performance consequences are not obvious.
Anthony Williams Designing Multithreaded Programs in C++0x
Just Software Solutions Ltd http://www.justsoftwaresolutions.co.uk
C++0x Tools for Multithreading
The C++0x toolset is deliberately basic, but there’s a couple of real gems. The standard provides: Thread Launching Mutexes for synchronization Condition variables for blocking waits Atomic variables for low-level code Futures for high level concurrency design std::lock() for avoiding deadlock
Anthony Williams Designing Multithreaded Programs in C++0x
Just Software Solutions Ltd http://www.justsoftwaresolutions.co.uk
Futures
A future is a “token” for a value that will be available later Focus on communication between threads Synchronization details left to library
Anthony Williams Designing Multithreaded Programs in C++0x
Just Software Solutions Ltd http://www.justsoftwaresolutions.co.uk
C++0x Support for Futures
std::unique future and std::shared future — akin to std::unique ptr and std::shared ptr std::packaged task where the value is the result of a function call std::promise where the value is set explicitly (Possibly) std::async() — library manages thread for the function call
Anthony Williams Designing Multithreaded Programs in C++0x
Just Software Solutions Ltd http://www.justsoftwaresolutions.co.uk
std::unique future / std::shared future
get() blocks until result available and then Returns stored value or Throws stored exception
Use wait() to wait without retrieving the result Use is ready(), has value() and has exception() to query the state.
Anthony Williams Designing Multithreaded Programs in C++0x
Just Software Solutions Ltd http://www.justsoftwaresolutions.co.uk
std::async()
Run a function asynchronously and get a future for the return value: int find_the_answer_to_LtUaE(); std::unique_future the_answer= std::async(find_the_answer_to_LtUaE);
Anthony Williams Designing Multithreaded Programs in C++0x
Just Software Solutions Ltd http://www.justsoftwaresolutions.co.uk
std::async()
Run a function asynchronously and get a future for the return value: int find_the_answer_to_LtUaE(); std::unique_future the_answer= std::async(find_the_answer_to_LtUaE); std::cout
