Developing a NovaGenesis Architecture Model for Service Oriented ...

2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

Developing a NovaGenesis Architecture Model for Service Oriented Future Internet and IoT: An Advanced Transportation System Scenario Antonio Marcos Alberti (IEEE Member)

Dhananjay Singh (IEEE Member)

Instituto Nacional de Telecomunicações - Inatel P.O. Box 05 - 37540-000 Santa Rita do Sapucaí, Minas Gerais, Brazil [email protected]

Department of Electronics Engineering Hankuk (Korea) University of Foreign Studies Global Campus: Yongin, South Korea [email protected] for future generations of wireless networks [1]. The quest for flexible and efficient ID/LOC mapping systems is still prevailing, meaning not resolved [2][3][4]. Another issue is to support global connectivity over trillions of devices. For this, Future Internet (FI) [9][11] should also accommodate large scale interoperability and convergence of wired and wireless networking technologies. One can expect a huge diversity of smart devices in the Internet of Things (IoT) [1][14][15], with different hardware and software capabilities. Thus, to address the interoperability of these sensorial and actuating systems is primordial. Also, sensors and actuators could be connected via wireless or wired connections. Therefore, a convergent access network solution for IoT is also a requirement. This army of devices will also produce a huge amount of private, sensible information [18], for example a car location and its status. Therefore, designs require built-in, scalable, energy-aware support for security and privacy. Another prerequirement is the formation and management of devices’ trust networks. A trust network is “social alliance” of devices, which maintain reputation-based cooperation. It is supported by the idea of “social devices” [18], where device relates to other peer devices exchanging contextualized information in a timeness manner. The management and control of this huge amount of devices is also a big issue. One cannot expect to manage or control thousands of devices in a smart home manually. The “social devices” need to cooperate each other to achieve objectives, obeying rules and regulations [18]. Also, devices need to be software-defined to facilitate configuration, organization, optimization, healing, etc. [19]. However, the convergence of autonomic [18][1] and software-defined [19] management and control is almost unexplored by research right now. To address the aforementioned factors in the FI, including the IoT scope, we are developing NovaGenesis (NG) architecture [17]. The aim is to accommodate those pre-requirements to support from billions to trillions of devices. Several research communities have proposed service oriented architecture mechanisms to deal with IoT and FI devices mobility and the separation of IDs/LOCs [2-4]; security, privacy, and trust [18]; and management and control of devices [1][19]. Howev-

Abstract— We are designing a NovaGenesis Architecture Model to support Future Internet services, which are going to address some fundamental issues of the Internet of Things, such as address resolution, mobility, routing, scalability, security, and network control. The aim is to support trillion of things connect to the Internet. In NovaGenesis, we have presented a set of distributed systems where any information processing is seen as service. Services organize themselves based on names and agreements to meet semantics rich goals, policies, regulations, etc. Even networking functionalities are considered as services. Every existence could have one or more names: natural language names or self-certifying names. All the communication, processing, and storage are name-oriented. The protocol stacks are built on demand in a contract-based way. Hence, we can state that NovaGenesis architecture could be an alternative solution for current internet oriented innovations in a scalable manner. The aim of this architecture is the coverage of Internet and sensors oriented smart objects. The paper discusses the proposed model in the context of an Advanced Rural Transportation System. Keywords— Future Internet; Service-Oriented Design; Internet of Things; Name-Oriented Design; Software-Defined Networking; ID/LOC splitting; NovaGenesis Architecture.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Today's Internet technology was deployed in the 1970s. And the fact is that the scale of the Internet and other related networking technologies have grown widely since then, giving rise to significant architectural problems [1][6]. Internet access is facing the big issue of mobility support for scalable networks, which is mainly caused by the dual role of the IP address. The IP address is not only used as a host Identifier (ID) for the upper layers of the TCP/IP model, but also as a host Locator (LOC) for datagram delivery [2]. Therefore, when a host moves from a network to another, the locator changes to allow appropriate packet transfer. However, the upper layers can experiment inconsistencies, since the host ID has changed as well. Making an analogy with cars, it's like changing the plate of a car every time it moves to a different city. By this we get to know that currently Internet has structured IPaddresses where both the host ID and its LOC information are overloaded. Hence, host mobility support and the scalability of ID/LOC splitting schemes are two crucial concerning issues

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2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT)

changing into network to evolve applications.

er, to address those requirements more deeply, IoT and FI relationships need to be clearly determined [10]. A more synergistic design is required to take advantage of complementary efforts, reducing unnecessary overlappings and producing a more efficient and flexible architecture. In this paper we provide a first glance discussion on the relationships among the IoT and FI considering a full convergence point of view [11][12][13], addressing those issues by defining a convergent NovaGenesis Architecture Model for the IoT and FI. To make the discussions in this article less abstract, we adopted a suitable IoT background scenario: an Advanced Rural Transportation System (ARTS) [20]. An ARTS is an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) that controls and provides relevant information about remote roads and other transportation systems in rural area. One example is a system that provides weather and traffic conditions on rural roads during crop delivery. A comprehensive ART can cover many systems, including the ones for surveillance, monitoring, policing, security, privacy, emergency, advising, warning, thread identification and etc. The ARTSs are widely implemented in the United States of America, and could be very important for developing countries like Brazil and India. Considering this ARTS IoT scenario, the remaining of this paper is organized as follows. The Section II presents an ARTS scenario that will be used as a background for IoT and FI relationships discussion. The Section III covers the IoT and FI requirements and perspectives regarding capacity, ubiquity, and scalability issues. It also focuses on naming, addressing, and identification of devices. In addition, it explores security, privacy, and trust design for the considered scenario. It also addresses the relationship between IoT and software-defined hardware, as well as resource orchestration and real-timeness. Management and human intervention aspects are also discussed on this section, including the role of semantics and artificial intelligence. The Section IV presents a NovaGenesis Architecture Model for IoT and FI aimed at addressing the pre-requirements discussed on Section III. The Section V proposes a NovaGenesis-based approach for the ARTS scenario. The Section VI does a final remark and discussion regarding the proposed model, while Section VII concludes the paper. II.

III.

REQUIREMENTS, PERSPECTIVES, AND CHALLENGES FOR ARTS SCENARIO

The Future Internet Architecture (FIA) is a vision which is under development and there can be many stakeholders in this development depending upon the interests and usage. It is still in nascent stages where everybody is trying to interpret FIA in with respect to their needs. There is a lot of development across communities and companies and there can be various visions depending upon the usage of individuals, as well as the companies involved in this revolutionary development. The accelerated evolution of computing and communications capacities [5], i.e. memory, processing, storage, transmission rate, etc., allows the implementation of small devices capable of sensing the real world and transmitting the obtained data to services and applications on the Internet. As the cost of technologies fall, more and more capacity becomes available, making the use of networked sensoring and actuating devices more and more viable [18]. Sensor-based data collection, data management, data mining and World Wide Web (WWW) is involved in the present vision. Of course, sensor-based hardware is also involved. One can expect that the number of devices will increase faster and faster in the next decades [5]. As a result, sensing and actuating capabilities can become ubiquitous, allowing unprecedented scenarios of interaction between the real and the virtual worlds [18][10][9]. Although it is expected that this scenario will bring huge benefits for our information society, the challenges behind it are equally big [18][10]. A significant increase in the number of InternetEnabled Devices (IEDs) can create relevant challenges to the scalability of the current TCP/IP stack [1][6][10][18], including the support for naming, addressing, identification, location, mobility, routing, etc. The Internet lacks on the support for unique identification and transparency. IP addresses are used not only to locate devices on the network, but also to identify them [2][6][9][10]. Since the devices’ addresses behind an Network Address Translation (NAT) are opaque [2], the IDs are not valid outside an autonomous system. This severely limits the transparency on the network. The scalability of the current Domain Naming System (DNS) is also affected by a huge increase in the number of device networks. Several other aspects on the current Internet are affected by this IoT evolution scenario [6][9][10][19].

IOT SCENARIO: ARTS SERVICE

IoT is progressively committing with all kinds of applications, services and platform into the wireless communication networks. The vision is that each pervasive scenarios, resources and services can be accessed to Internet via smart phones anywhere and anytime by common users. This means we deal with ad-hoc networks and smart sensors to measure/monitor ARTS service in IoTs Frame. Figure 1 represents the general ARTS scenario of IoTs, which has computing capability and capable of providing various services with the help of software logics. Hence, there would be no more wastage of product and no more stealing, since all the things can be tracked down if ARTS are used by common users in daily life, as well as we get to know how it is used and we can enhance the quality of life. This idea is as simple as its applications are difficult to manage, because several requirements are evolving and

Figure 1. General ARTS overview in IoT scenario.

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scription proposal, which is evaluated by a rendezvous system. The transport of the information is done only if the receiver is authorized in advance by the publisher. This model can improve the overall security of ARTS. Trust networks among entities are another emerging mechanism to improve the security of IoT [18]. Entities create trust networks among peers, evaluating the reputation of other entities before dynamic service contract establishment. Entities that do not perform as expected receive complains, which reduce their reputation. Another promising approach is based on emerging social behaviors. Entities collaborate to detect illicit behaviors that can characterize potential attacks. This bio-inspired approach can improve preventive security, especially for distributed attackers [14][15][18].

New network architectures need to overcome the current Internet limitations by rethinking such limiting aspects. They need to take advantage of the expected ubiquity of computing and communication resources to improve the connectivity and robustness of Wireless Sensor and Actuator Networks (WSANs). Devices need to be persistently identified to allow perennial traceability to existent sensoring and actuating resources. The challenge is to identify perennially and uniquely the devices that are collecting real world information or actuating over the real world. Also, device locators need to be decoupled from identifiers to allow mobility without loss of identity [9]. This and other proposals to improve IoT scalability will be discussed on the following sections in the context of the ARTS IoT scenario. A. Naming, Addressing, and Unique Identification of Entities A lot of entities have Natural Language Names (NLNs) in the context of ARTS. For example, cities, neighborhoods, roads, and even small villages names. Cars, crossings, signals, etc. also have natural language names. To support the diversity of name formats and related meanings in transportation system, name-relationships need to be represented. This requirement is relevant not only for naming, but also for addressing and routing aspects. Effective information exchanging requires a very well designed approach for naming and identification [2]. NLNs that are unique in some scope can be used as addresses. However, a new approach is emerging on FI design. The so-called Self-Certified Names (SCNs). They are the output of specific hash functions selected to generate meaningless flat names, which can be linked to NLNs. Such approach provides unique patterns that can be used to identify entities globally with a very small collision probability [12][13]. Immutable SCNs can greatly improve traceability and tracking support, since to discover where some entity is requires the adoption of unique, perennial identifiers [6][7]. As an example, consider a car that goes out of a road due to some malfunction. Some sensor can detect the unplanned change of direction. In this example, it is fundamental to relate this sensor’s ID with the car’s ID, driver’s ID, as well as with the road’s ID. One can imagine several other entities involved on this context, all uniquely identified. In summary, the role of naming and identification is fundamental.

C. Semantics, Autonomicity, Artificial Intelligence, and Flexibility NLNs help on supporting semantics rich orchestration of functionalities and entities. More specifically, they can help on accommodating entire ontologies, which are fundamental for autonomic technologies, as well as for artificial intelligence solutions. One cannot expect that a very complex system as ARTS will depend only on human operators to work properly. We need help from machines. Autonomic and cognitive decision cycles can be implemented to make the system less imperative, increasing the degrees of freedom on functionalities, i.e. increasing flexibility of computing. Autonomic software allows policy-driven management, reducing human interference and operational costs. Artificial intelligence can be employed to correlate sensed information (e.g. fuzzy logic), to perform decision making, and to select execution plans. In summary, ARTS requires an integrated approach for semantics rich self-organization of entities towards well defined objectives, according to unambiguous policies. The result will be like an “auto-pilot” for the ARTS, which can provide: (i) stable self-optimization of resources; (ii) self-configuration of system components; (iii) self-protection against misbehaving users or attackers; (iv) self-healing properties for the case of failures, deny of service attacks, or natural catastrophes. D. Real-timeness, Software-defined hardware, and Resource Orchestration An ARTS relies on real-time computing to process information in the right time and the right place. Information freshness is fundamental to properly feed the decision cycles, generating sound decisions. Sensors will feed a distributed sensorial system providing contextualized information for all entities in the ARTS, including the management ones. Actuators will make virtual decisions real, acting over physical entities, like traffic lights, tracking devices, road surveillance, weather devices, etc. Another issue is hardware programmability. ARTS devices should be preferably programmable or software-defined. Distributed or centralized software controllers can execute plans at distance, changing parameters or functionality at controlled devices. Besides allowing devices to migrate to new technologies only by changing software components, this approach also prevents the displacement of costly human teams to change

B. Security, Privacy, and Trust Ideally, architecture for ARTS scenario needs to have built-in security. Information exchanging, processing, and storage is subject to security and privacy issues. The unauthorized access to sensors, actuators, cars, or any other entity could have serious consequences. Encrypted storage of bindings among NLNs and SCNs greatly help on securing the ARTS. Why? Because any transaction is related to perennial IDs that do not change during entities movement. Another useful technique is to change from the “receiver accepts all” model to the “publish/subscribe” model. In the current Internet, entities receive all kind of unwanted information. In the “publish/subscribe” model, the information is securely published by an entity, which configures authorization rights. Entities interested in some information need to make a sub-

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other protocols. Of course, NLNs can store traditional IP or MAC addresses or WWW Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs), enabling NG to fully interoperate with contemporary naming systems, including Domain Name System (DNS).

devices configurations or functionalities. The exposition of hardware resources to software services creates the possibility to orchestrate such resources in a very dynamic, flexible, distributed, and intelligent way. Substrate resources, such as sensors, actuators, computers, networking equipment can be exposed and combined “on the fly” by software services. Available devices can be discovered and combined with software to provide customized applications to manage and operate the ARTS. IV.

DEFINING NOVAGENESIS ARCHITECTURE MODEL

NovaGenesis [17] is a set of distributed systems where any information processing is seen as a service. Services organize themselves based on names and contracts to meet semantics rich goals, policies, regulations, etc. Even networking functionalities are considered as services. Every existence could have one or more names. A NLN could be any name in any language, e.g. “Car”, “Brazil”, etc. Name bindings relate one name to one or more names or even to information objects, e.g. a file. These bindings are published and subscribed by services, capturing the relationships among existences. All the communication, processing, and storage are name-oriented. The Figure 2 illustrates the NG components. The PGS (Proxy/Gateway System) represents non NG resources, such as an operation system interface (e.g. Ethernet or Wi-Fi) or a set of wireless sensors/actuators. It also acts as a gateway, forwarding messages to/from other networking technology. In other words, NG messages are adapted to be transported over well-established technologies by the PGS. In NG architecture, NLNs are related to SCNs to represent relationships among natural language and entities and/or content. For example, the word “service” can be related to the SCNs’ of service-oriented software in a certain domain. Moreover, SCNs can also be related to other SCNs. In both cases, these name bindings are handled by a hash table system (HTS). Additionally, a name binding between a SCN and a local operating system directory file (a NLN) is also possible. In this case, a piece of data can be related to this binding and temporarily cached under the HTS control. All name bindings (NBs) have a single source value and a vector of target values. The selection of the proper HTS to store a name binding is done by a binding forwarding system (BFS). Whenever a NB is fetched or stored, the BFS selects the adequate HTS using the source value of the name binding. The final piece of this nameoriented relationship representation scheme is a publish/subscribe system (PSS). All the NBs are published/subscribed to/from the PSS. Thus, the idea is that the name bindings will be published securely after publisher’s authentication. Subscriptions will also be authenticated and authorized. In summary, NG messages carry NBs to the domain PSS, which are forwarded to a BFS and finally to an HTS. Observe that the combination of PSS, BFS, and HTS forms a distributed name resolution system. Since a NLN or a SCN can be an identifier for some entity (or content) or locator that determines the position of another entity (or content), these systems for a distributed ID/LOC splitting scheme. This name resolution system uses NG messages and does not depend on

Figure 2. NovaGenesis components. The NG architecture envisions a Search and Discovery System (SDS) to enable semantics rich navigation over names and content. The SDS can help other NovaGenesis processes to rank and select the most appropriate results after a search. It can also perform new searches based on previous results. It can also define ontologies and publish them via PSS. Thus, NG processes can adopt well established ontologies. NovaGenesis meets the requirements advocated in the previous section to ARTS in the following ways: NG entities are related each other by name-based bindings. It employs a 128 bits hash function to generate SCNs that are pretty much unique globally. Therefore, NovaGenesis SCNs can be used as global IDs for devices, software, people, and other physical things. Thus, NG provides a distributed ID/LOC splitting solution for every entity/content that inhabits its environment. Recursive subscriptions of published bindings enable NG’s entities to discover each other and start working together. NovaGenesis employs the traditional security techniques to make confidential the communication between software entities and the publish/subscribe service. In other words, software entities can securely publish/subscribe name-bindings and associated contents. Additionally, the NovaGenesis enables the formation of trust networks and emerging social behaviors. NG aims to be self-organized and self-managed. Services selforganize themselves using semantics rich search and published service-level agreements [8][17]. Future versions will include a hierarchy of decision loops implemented in every service. High level policies, rules, and regulations will be defined to guide autonomic loops. NLNs can be used to relate entities to ontologies. Artificial intelligence will be applied to implement machine learning and decision making. NG core offers an exciting blueprint to implement autonomic and cognitive technologies. The support for real-time computing is also a requirement for the current NovaGenesis implementation. This aspect depends on the operating system employed. It is possible to prioritize executions in order to reduce the CPU access delay. Regarding

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and pub/sub paradigm. Thus, these sensors do not need to be modified to work together with the new architecture. Sensor descriptors, features, capacities, states and any other information can be published to other NG components by the PGS. Additionally, even the sensorial information can be published to the PGS peers. Other components of the environment can discover the sensors and their capabilities, and start collaboration by proposing new contracts.

software-defined hardware, NovaGenesis offers an interesting framework to develop innovative software controllers. The same is valid for distributed service orchestration. NovaGenesis enables the interoperability to legacy hardware/software through PGSs. Virtually any entity can be represented by a PGS. For example, several different traffic sensors can be exposed to software by a specific PGS, which represents this set of sensors regarding NovaGenesis contracts

Figure 3. NovaGenesis architecture for Advanced Rural Transportation System (ARTS). V.

mation to the system; to deal with mobility, localization, tracking, and multiple connectivity of entities and substrate resources; to exchange knowledge; to deal with entities evolution and decision cycles; to improve the scalability, availability, stability, and resilience; to manage entities' social aspects and reputation; to perform cognitive functionalities, overall optimization of system's parameters; to enforce goals, improving the usability of architectural resources, and providing fitness estimations for entities' evolution. At the upper portion of the Figure 3, one can see the systems targeted to implement the ARTS. They cover several areas expected for an ARTS architecture, including: physical/real world surveillance and monitoring; policy, rule, and goal definition; security, privacy, reputation, and trust of transportation system services; emergency, advising, and warning information management; awareness to several aspects, such as situation-awareness, regulationawareness, context-awareness, real-world-awareness, etc.; thread identification and public safety; public services; traffic education; weather condition; air quality monitoring; transactions and payment; traffic routing, dispatching, fleet management, logistics; traffic management; directions; transportation resources sharing; integration with police and fire departments; virtual operators of transportation systems; governance, regulation, supervision, and management; and general administration.

SERVICE ORIENTED NG APPROACH FOR ARTS

The Figure 3 shows the complete vision of a NovaGenesis advanced rural transportation system. On the bottom portion of the figure, one can see the physical substrates of the architecture. Each node is composed by internal hardware that is organized to offer a functional machine, such as a computer, an access point, a base station, etc. Every machine can support one or more operating systems (OSs) running over CPUs or FieldProgrammable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). On every OS, a set of fundamental processes inhabit the software environment, offering basic functionalities as services. The PGS is an example. Other fundamental agents are: the OS agent, which represents the local OS interests; the life-cycle agents, which help entities to deal with the complex service life-cycles; the link agents, which establishes virtual links over the physical ones; broker agents, which help entities to communicate during initialization; among others [8][17]. At the core, there are the SDS, PSS, BFS, and HTS systems previously described. Additionally, some autonomic systems can help on implement distributed decision cycles. At the intermediate portion of the figure there are systems focused on several other issues. They take advantage of the core processes to deal with trust, relationships, and privacy issues; to contextualize data generating relevant infor-

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All these systems can take advantage of the other ones at lower portions, creating a very integrated, synergistic, evolutionary environment. VI.

[1] D. Papadimitriou et al, "Fundamental Limitations of Current Internet and the path to Future Internet, European Commission", FIArch. Group, Ver. 1.9, 2010. [2] D. Singh, "Developing an Architecture: Scalability, Mobility, Control, and Isolation on Future Internet Services", Second International Conference on Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI-2013), Mysore, India, August, 2013.

FINAL REMARK AND DISCUSSION

We content that a FIA needs to be scalable, sustainable, programmable, secure, trustable, covering many other prerequirements as discussed in [9]. It will be a combination of public and private networks, since the number of IED tends to growth exponentially inside enterprises, government institutions, residences, cars, people, etc. Hence, we defend that IoT is a fundamental ingredient of the FI, since it provides the sensorial/actuating capabilities required to greatly enhance the interaction between the real and virtual worlds. Not only it collects the real world data that feeds the entire FIA, but also it offers the actuating devices that can make virtual world decisions real. The continued reduction in the cost of ICT capabilities indicates that the IoT will become ubiquitous, allowing the FIA to achieve increasing levels of environmental awareness, as well as making our environment more intelligent and sustainable [10]. Such capabilities feed significant bilateral relationships with other FIA ingredients, such as: informationand service-centric approaches, software-defined networking, self-management, naming, identification, mobility, security, trust [9]. Therefore, this paper argues that the FIA research should better exploit the synergies between these proposals and the IoT, eliminating unnecessary overlapping and cohesively integrating them towards the design of a cohesive new Internet. The concept of the NG architecture is based upon the idea that improved situation awareness requires improved high-level data representations and artificial intelligence and reasoning capabilities. It can also support data fusion from ontology & concept-modeling perspective, rather than a traditional data-analysis approach.

[3] C. So-In, R. Jain, S. Paul, J. Pan, “Virtual ID: A Technique for Mobility, Multi-Homing, and Location Privacy in Next Generation Wireless Networks”, 7th IEEE CCNC 2010, pp. 1-5, 2010. [4] V. Kafle and M. Inoue, “HIMALIS: Heterogeneity Inclusion and Mobility Adaptation Through Locator ID Separation,” IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol. E93-B, No. 3, 2010. [5] R. Kurzweil, The singularity is near: when humans transcend biology, A Penguin Book: Science, Penguin, (2006). [6] H. Harai et al., New Generation Network Architecture Akari Conceptual Design, Tech. Rep. v. 1., NICT, (2010). [7]

Y. Wang, J. Bi, X. Jiang, Mobility support in the internet using identifiers, in: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Future Internet Technologies, CFI ‘12, ACM, USA (2012).

[8] R. C. Brandão et al., Serviços em Redes Futuras: Objetivos, Tecnologias e Comparação de Iniciativas, Revista de Informática Teórica e Aplicada, 2013 [9] A. M. Alberti, A Conceptual-Driven Survey on Future Internet Requirements, Technologies, and Challenges, Journal of Brazilian Computer Society, 2013. [10] A. M. Alberti, D. Singh, Internet of Things: Perspectives, Challenges and Opportunities, International Workshop on Telecommunications (IWT), May 2013. [11] European Commission FIArch Group, Future Internet design principles, Position Paper, (2012). [12] D. Trossen, M. Sarela, K. Sollins, Arguments for an information-centric internetworking architecture, SIGCOMM Comput. Commun. Rev. 40 (2010).

VII. CONCLUSION

[13] C. Dannewitz, Netinf: An information-centric design for the future internet, in: Proc. 3rd GI ITG KuVS Workshop on The Future Internet, 2009.

The NovaGenesis Architecture Model is a vision, which is currently under progress to support Future Internet oriented services and Internet of Things [17]. The idea to connect everything and anything at any time is appealing. The dynamic nature of IoT and the scale on which it will be functional is hard to imagine and thus there will be huge responsibility to overcome the challenges. There will be challenges of scale in terms of current IP-addressability, transparency, privacy, security, and data management and analytics. This paper develops an insight into NG Model, which gives a novel architecture and service oriented vision. In conclusion, we believe that this paper is a starting point of the beginning of a new architecture. The present architecture has the scope to improve a lot on the semantic, flexibility, efficiency, and security front. We hope that this effort will be useful for a new IoT-based architecture development and will contribute to the research on both IoT and FI.

[14] J. P. Conti, The internet of things, Communications Engineer, Vol 4, 2006. [15] L. Atzori, A. Iera, G. Morabito, The internet of things: A survey, Comput. Netw. 54 (2010). [16] D. Papadimitriou et al., Future internet: The cross-etp vision document, Tech. rep., Cross-ETP (2009). [17] NovaGenesis Project, www.inatel.br/novagenesis/ [18] M. Presser, et al. “Real World Internet,” Tech. rep., Future Internet Assembly, (2008). [19] T. Luo et al., “Sensor OpenFlow: Enabling Software-Defined Wireless Sensor Networks,” Communications Letters, IEEE , vol.16, no.11, pp.1896,1899, November 2012. [20] K. Jasper, “Cross-Cutting Study of Advanced Rural Transportation System ITS Field Operational Tests,” Booz-Allen & Hamilton, Transportation Conference, 1998.

References

[21] A. A. F. Loureiro, L.B., Ruiz, “Autonomic Wireless Networks in Smart Environments,” Communication Networks and Services Research, 2007. CNSR '07. pp.5,7, 14-17 May 2007.

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