Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 168 (2016) 1747 – 1750
30th Eurosensors Conference, EUROSENSORS 2016
Developing Biometric Passive Recognition Sensor Applicable to Wearable Devices: Part I - A Novel Structural Design for Achieving Three Dimensional Images Wenlou Yuana, Yuanhang Xua,c, Huan Liua, Dong F. Wang a,b,* a
Micro Engineering and Micro Systems Laboratory, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, CHINA Research Center for Ubiquitous MEMS and Micro Engineering, AIST, Tsukuba 305-8564, JAPAN c School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, CHINA
b
Abstract This paper presents a novel structural design of a biometric recognition sensor based on wrist vein, comprised by an array of NIR light source, a charge-coupled device (CCD) and a circle frame for a moving camera, to obtain the 3D vein image for security identification in mobile environment. An algorithm based on this structure was also proposed and explored preliminarily. It is believed what has been proposed can improve the accuracy by 3D vein image, reduce the influence of hand positon and pose in vein recognition and be more applicable to wearable devices. © Published by Elsevier Ltd. This ©2016 2016The TheAuthors. Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 30th Eurosensors Conference. Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 30th Eurosensors Conference Keywords: Biometric recognition sensor; A novel structural design; Wrist vein; Three dimensional images; Wearable devices
1. Research background Biometric recognition is getting more and more attention as a personal identification in security field. Compared with other biometrics technologies, such as fingerprints, face image and iris, vein recognition is thought to be one of the most promising biometric techniques researched today for its internal characteristic which is not easily
* Prof. Dr. Dong F. Wang, Micro Engineering and Micro Systems Laboratory, Jilin University, P.R.China. Tel.: +86-(0)431-8509-4698. E-mail address:
[email protected]
1877-7058 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the 30th Eurosensors Conference
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.505
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influenced and difficult to acquire. Most proposed vein recognition researches use a fixed near infrared (NIR) sensor to obtain vein image since the hemoglobin in vein erythrocyte will absorb most near infrared (whose wavelength is nearby 760nm). However, it can only get 2D image by using this usual way [1-3]. Comparing with 2D image, 3D image can provide more information about vein, which will improve the accuracy of recognition. Meanwhile, the existing devices mainly focus on finger or hand vein recognition which cannot be adapted to mobile environment [46] and the wrist vein recognition generally focus on 2D image acquisition [7-9]. Considering these disadvantages, a biometric recognition sensor based on wrist vein, comprised of a novel structure for 3D vein image acquisition for security identification in mobile environment was proposed and explored preliminary here. This brand-new structure shows a promising future for the wearable biometric recognition devices with high accuracy and good userfriendliness.
2. Design The proposed vein sensor is a circle frame with an array of NIR light source on the half of the inner surface of the device, a charge-coupled device (CCD) attached to the track and the track for the shuttling of the camera on the other half of the device, as shown in Fig. 1. The NIR light from light source after being absorbed by the hemoglobin in wrist vein can be sensed by CCD and then the vein image is acquired. Since the CCD can move on the half circular track, revolving around the axis of the circle frame in the range of 180degrees, the shuttling of the CCD can sense a series of vein images at different locations on the track, which means this novel structure will raise the quantity of the biological information characteristics that can be obtained greatly. As the result, the accuracy of the biometric recognition will improve. In other words, this novel structure realized the leap-forward from 2D image to 3D image for the wrist vein biometric recognition sensor. In addition, compared with existing commercially available 3D image devices, the proposed structure acquires vein image by shuttling (by a moving camera) instead of two cameras, which shows that the novel structure we proposed will be simpler, cost less but get higher recognition accuracy. Furthermore, this structure will guarantee the independence of the acquired vein image from the positon and pose of user’s hand, so it will reduce the influence of the user’s movement. More specifically, this device has a great potential for practical applications in wearable devices. The working procedures are as followings: the moving CCD can obtain the wrist vein image from various perspectives at different locations on the track, then the image acquired will be assembled to the 3D image, constructing the 3D model used for 3D matching. Theoretically, the location of the CCD obtaining the image can be recorded as registration information, which means this information can be detected like vein image as well, so this will be a possible way for further research aiming to improve the accuracy of the recognition. In a word, it is believed that a better 3D vein image can be acquired with this novel structure and, therefore, a higher recognition accuracy and a better user experience can be achieved.
Fig. 1. Schematic design for a vein recognition wearing device, comprising of an array of light source, a CCD sensor and the novel structure.
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3. Algorithm An algorithm, including feature extraction, 3D vein model and matching, based on the novel structure of this biometric recognition sensor working principle, will also be proposed. Each vein acquired image will be fused after graying, enhancement, and segmentation to establish 3D vein model. Then, a method based 3D point clouds matching will help to accomplish recognition. The block diagrams of the described process are shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
Fig. 2. The block diagram of the registration and matching.
Fig. 3. The block diagram of image processing.
4. Preliminary experimental verification In order to choose the components of the proposed structure to make it more suitable for wearable devices , we have explored preliminarily. According to the requirements (The components should be small, light and low cost), we chose L7558 series infrared LED produced by HAMAMATSU China as our infrared light source, and JD150CMOS camera produced by Shenzhen Jiuding Technical Developing Company as USB image acquisition device. The results of our experiment couldn’t meet our requirements in the first instance, which made a lot of difficulties for the following image processing. We think the reason of this case is that the infrared light source is too powerful, so we reduced the number of infrared LED, but it still couldn’t produce the satisfactory results. After fully discussion and analysis, we think the visible light entering the camera is the leading cause. To eliminate the interference of visible light, we decided to use the optical filter. The optical filter we chose was the FU-LGP015 produced by Shenzhen fray technology company. And the result was good, we got the ideal image and surprisingly found that NIR in natural light could also get through the hand , producing the coarse vein image, which may be able to provide some valuable information for the further research. Some vein images we got from the preliminary experiment are shown in Fig. 4. a
b
Fig. 4. The vein images acquired: (a) from the finger; (b) from the palm.
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5. Conclusion For the first time, a biometric recognition sensor based on wrist vein, comprised of a novel structure for 3D vein image acquisition was proposed and explored preliminarily. The structure we proposed can get the 3D vein image from the wrist, which can improve the accuracy of acquisition and also contribute to the user-friendliness. An algorithm based on this was also proposed and explored preliminarily. This novel biometric recognition sensor shows a great market potential and a promising future. In the following research, we will design the structure detailed and put the algorithm into practice to make this novel structure more applicable.
Acknowledgement Part of this work is financially supported by Jilin University Matching Funds for Leading Professor Program, and Scientific Research Funds of 985 Project.
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