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ScienceDirect Procedia Computer Science 79 (2016) 1044 – 1050
7th International Conference on Communication, Computing and Virtualization 2016
Development of Next Generation Encryption Algorithm for Data Transmission in 3G/4G network Yogita Ganagea ,Vikas Kaulb a PG Student, Thakur College of Engineering and Technology,Mumbai-400 101,India Assistant Professor,, Thakur College of Engineering and Technology,Mumbai-400 101,India
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Abstract Security plays an important part in communication systems. This work focuses on Development of Next Generation Encryption Algorithm enhanced by using variable key cipher where a stream of sub keys of AES is generated from the original key with feedback from previous cipher block and each sub block is encrypted with different sub keys. The use of variable key cipher makes the system nonlinear and creates confusion in the use of keys. The above technique is projected to develop more resistance to attacks and structural analysis, thus increasing the complexity of the system. Performance of the system will be evaluated on the basic of Encryption time, Decryption time, throughput and CPU usage. © 2016 Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is and/or an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license © 2016The Published by Elsevier Ltd. Selection peer-review under responsibility of Global Science and (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Forum Pte Ltd Technology Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of ICCCV 2016
Keywords: AES ; S-box; 4G; IV; VKC
1. Introduction Due to the powerful increase in the internet and other modes of electronic communication, electronic security has turned increasingly important. The science or art which surrounds the principles and methods of converting an intelligible message into unintelligible and then reconverting those messages back to their original form so as to store messages secure is called Cryptography. Cryptography is used to secure e-mail, messages, credit card info, and corporate data within the context of any application-to-application communication.
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1877-0509 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Organizing Committee of ICCCV 2016 doi:10.1016/j.procs.2016.03.132
Yogita Ganage and Vikas Kaul / Procedia Computer Science 79 (2016) 1044 – 1050
Two types of cryptographic systems have been developed for these purposes that are listed below. Symmetric cryptography: It uses the equivalent cryptographic keys for both encryption of plaintext & decryption of cipher text. Asymmetric cryptography: Asymmetric cryptography or public-key cryptography is the one in which a pair of keys (k1, k2) is used to encrypt and decrypt a message so that it reach securely. 2. Background 2.1 Advance Encryption Standard The Rijndael proposal for AES described a cipher in which the block length and the key length can be separately stated to be a number of bits (128,192, or 256). The AES specification uses the equivalent three key size options but restrict the block length to 128 bits. A numbers of AES parameters depend on the key length. The input to encryption and decryption algorithms is just 128 bit. The block is depicted as square matrix, which can be expressed by bytes as 4X4 matrix. This block is copied into state array, which is altered at each stage of encryption and decryption.
Fig. 2.1 Advance Encryption Standard Four stages are used, one of permutation and three of substitution: • Substitute Byte: Each byte in matrix is changed using 8-bit substitution box i.e. S-box. • ShiftRows: A linear mapping that rotates on the left all the rows of matrix.1st row is keep as it is, 2nd row rotates by 1,3rd row rotates by 2 and4th row rotates by 3. • MixColumns: Every column of input matrix is multiplied by the mix Column matrix that provides the corresponding column of output matrix.
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• AddRoundKey: Round key was merged with state. For each round key is acquired from main key through key scheduling; the round key is added by merging each byte of state with corresponding byte of round key using bitwise XOR.
3. Related Work In Jan 2013, this paper [1] proposed to develop a more powerful algorithm for cryptography. This algorithm is based on AES to generate many keys from symmetric key, resist modern attacks on symmetric key cryptography. Parameter used in paper is Time Complexity, and Security. In April 2013, this paper [2] has discussed security issues of 4G networks as the recent expansion of wireless network technologies and the emergence of novel applications such as mobile TV, Web 2.0, and streaming content have led to the likeness of the (pre-4G) Long-Term Evolution (LTE) protocol to become viable with the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In Feb. 2015, this paper [3] generated a new method of self-invertible matrix. In addition, a new method of generating sparse matrices based on a polynomial function and the process of conversion of this matrix without using standard matrix inversion algorithms is also presented. In Feb. 2015, this paper [4] at first new cryptography (Encryption and Decryption) algorithm has been generated by using some comparison of components like throughput of key generation, to generate Encryption text and to generate Decryption text. In July 2015, this paper [5] algorithms uses different length of the encryption keys, from 64bits up to 256-bits.with the Longer encryption keys, also increase the robustness of the algorithms against the brute force. In Feb. 2015, this paper [6] introduced security enhancement for data transmission in 4G networks. Provide end to end secure communication by increase the complexity of the system. S-box enhanced in AES and Round structure used. Static S-box is made dynamic using cipher key. The inverse Sbox is also modified accordingly.
4. Methodology Idea behind this work is to provide end-to end secure communication and make the system more rebellious to brute force attack and structural analysis, thus increasing the complexity of the system. Objectives of this work to Provide end-to-end security in 3G/4G networks.
5. Proposed Algorithm The Methodology planned in this research work is based AES with the feedback from previous cipher block to generate the stream of sub keys from real key, these steps explain the algorithm Step 1: Input the symmetric key, we name it as real key. Step 2: Generate from the real key the first Pseudorandom sub key K 1 using Pseudorandom key generator. Step 3: Encrypt the first plaintext block P1 by AES using K1 which generated in previous step. Step 4: Generate from real key the second key K2 using key generator. Step 5: Encrypt the Second block of plaintext P 2 by AES using K2. Step 6: Generate the next sub key to encrypt the corresponding Plaintext block and repeat this step until encrypt the last block in the plaintext PN with sub key KN.
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Table 4.1. Key Generator Key Generator
Keys
Cipher Key
K1 K2 K3 KN
AES(IV) AES(C1 XOR IV)=C2 AES(C2 XOR IV)= C3 AES(C4 XOR IV)= CN
C1=k1 C2=k2 C3=k3 KN
The entire research work could be fragmented into the following modular sections as follows: • Encryption Module • Decryption Module • Key Generator
Real Key
Initial Vector
ْ
ْ
(128 Bit) Plaintext
Plaintext
Plaintext
Key (128 Bit )
(128 Bit )
Key
AES
C1
K1(128 Bit)
Key (128 Bit)
AES
C2
AES
Cn K2(128 Bit)
K1(128 Bit)
Fig. 5.1 Key Generator
Fig.5.1 shows the proposed methodology to be adopted for encrypting the multimedia data. The overall operations are highlighted. 6. Expected Outcome x The performance evaluation to be done based on parameters: o Time to Encryption and Decryption o Throughput, o CPU usage and focus on speed.
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x
The Encryption time is considered as the time that an encryption algorithm takes to generate a cipher text from plaintext. Encryption time is used to calculate.
x
The Decryption time is considered the time that a decryption algorithm takes to generate a plain text from a cipher text. Decryption time is used to calculate the throughput of a decryption scheme which indicates the speed of encryption.
x
The Throughput of the encryption scheme is determined as the total plain text in bytes encrypted divided by the encryption time.
7. Experimental Results The results carried out till the date is based on conversion time. Computer configuration used is Microsoft Windows 10, Intel core i3, 170 GHz, 4GB RAM Calculation of results is based on parameter such as Conversion time of Binary to Text, Text to Binary, Image to Binary, Binary to Image, Number to binary and Binary to Number and also throughput is calculated. 1.
12 KB size text file is used for calculate results:
Table 7.1: Time for conversion Text to Binary and Binary to Text Conversion
Text to Binary
Binary to Text
Time in Seconds
0.002 Sec
0.004 Sec
Throughtput
2.5 Mbps
5 Mbps
Fig 7.1 Graphical Representation of Result for Text File conversion
Yogita Ganage and Vikas Kaul / Procedia Computer Science 79 (2016) 1044 – 1050
2.
4 KB size of Image file is used for calculate results:
7.2 Time for conversion Image to Binary and Binary to Image Conversion
Image to Binary
Binary to Image
Time in Seconds Throughtput
0.044 Sec 4.4 Mbps
0.043 Sec 5 Mbps
Fig 7.2 Graphical Representation of Result for Text File conversion
3. 12 KB size of Number file is used for calculate results: 7.3 Time for conversion Image to Binary and Binary to Image
Conversion
Number to Binary
Binary to Number
Time in Seconds Throughtput
0.004 Sec 2.24 Mbps
0.006 Sec 3.24 Mbps
Fig 7.3 Graphical Representation of Result for Image File conversion
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8. Conclusion
In this paper, we introduced new powerful algorithm for cryptography. This work is based on AES .Next generation encryption algorithm is enhanced by using variable key cipher where a stream of sub keys of AES is generated from the original key with feedback from previous cipher block and each sub block is encrypted with different sub keys. The use of variable key cipher makes the system nonlinear and creates confusion in the use of keys. This technique makes the algorithm more rebellious to brute force attack and also protect from structural analysis, thus increasing the complexity of the system. Performance is evaluated based on conversion of Text file, Image file and Number file and result calculation is done on the configuration is Intel core i3, 170 GHz, 4GB RAM. Maximum throughput obtained is for text file which is around 5 Mbps and compatible with 3G network.
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