Discovery and Group Communication for Constrained ...

Discovery and Group Communication for Constrained Internet of Things Devices using the Constrained Application Protocol Ontdekken van en groepscommunicatie met toestellen met beperkte mogelijkheden in het 'internet der dingen' door middel van het 'Constrained Application Protocol’

Isam Ishaq [email protected] www.ibcn.intec.ugent.be Internet Based Communication Networks and Services research group (IBCN) Department of Information Technology (INTEC) Ghent University - iMinds

Department of Information Technology – Internet Based Communication Networks and Services (IBCN)

Home Automation Example


Internet of Things (IoT)

Today

Start of my PhD


4

Nice, but what is the Internet of Things (IoT)? HYPE, BUT WHAT IS IT ALL ABOUT? Department of Information Technology – Internet Based Communication Networks and Services (IBCN)

5

Summary of 8 IoT definitions

6

What is IoT? Physical

Virtual

Everyday objects

Network (Internet)

Services, applications

Sense

Connect

Control

Communication technology Data created by PERSONS  Unique identity (addressable)  Virtual representation Data created by THINGS 


7

IoT Adoption rate


8

IoT application domains Smart metering

Building Automation/ Smart Home Smart cities

Logistics Health

Internet of Things

Transportation

Remote monitoring Industrial automation


9

Home automation Light/Temp.Soil humidity Sensors /Humidity RFID reader Magnetic locks

Lights

Fireplace Magnetic locks Actuators

Movement detection

Windows shutters


10

Home automation products Philips Hue bridge

Philips Hue app

Access point home network Department of Information Technology – Internet Based Communication Networks and Services (IBCN)

11

Home automation products smappee


12

Home automation products

Egg Minder

13

15/10/2015

Source: Quirky

IoT Devices Implants

Vehicles

Smart Phones

Machines Smart Glasses

Smart meters

Sensors Factories


Smart Cities

14

Constrained IoT devices

Dot Mote

Smart Dust

Tmote Sky

Zolertia Z1

Rmoni RM090

Processor

16bit 8MHz

64bit Quad Core, 3 GHz

1 : 10 000

Memory

RAM: 10KB ROM: 100KB

100 GB

1 : 1 000 000

Battery charge

Years

1 Day

1 000 : 1

Cost

Low cost

Expensive

1 : 1 000

15

Design Goals

Application

design goals

Simple Energy

efficient Reduce communication Short messages


16

Interconnecting sensor networks

client

HTTP

Gateway

HTTP

TCP

Trans.

TCP

IP

IP

Internet Gateway Trans. server Department of Information Technology – Internet Based Communication Networks and Services (IBCN)

17

Challenge: Home Automation Example Can I make all lights automatically go on when the burglar alarm goes on?

Unfortunately not. They speak different protocols.

15/10/2015

18

Interconnecting sensor networks http://light1.adam.home

HTTP

client

TCP IPv6

CoAP Gateway

Trans.

UDP

server

6LoWPAN

Internet IPv6 address: 2001:abcd:1234:5678:90ab:cdef:1234:5678

Short address: 1234

server Department of Information Technology – Internet Based Communication Networks and Services (IBCN)

20

Constrained Application Protocol coap://[sen1]/temp CoAP

Gateway

sen1

Internet GET coap://[Sen1]/temp 2.05 Content (text/plain) Body: 23 • •

Only two packets < 100 bytes each


21

Observing Resources coap://[sen1]/temp

Internet

Gateway

sen1

GET Obs coap://[Sen1]/temp

Registration

2.05 Content Obs (text/plain) Body: 23

Notification of current state

2.05 Content Obs (text/plain) Body: 24 2.05 Content Obs (text/plain) Body: 25

Notifications upon state change


22

I am using onlyAutomation standards based solutions. Home Example Are all my problems solved?

Unfortunately not

15/10/2015

23

Challenge: Home Automation Example What devices can I use? What services do they offer?

15/10/2015

Device discovery Service discovery Self-organization Self-configuration

24

Sensor Discovery CoAP

coap://light1.adam.home hum 9

Name

Address

light1.adam.home temp.adam.home hum.adam.home light2.adam.home

aaaa::5 aaaa::6 aaaa::9 aaaa::3

Gateway

light2 3

GET /.well-known/serverInfo

light1 5

temp 6

Internet DNS suffix: adam.home IP address prefix: aaaa::


25

Gateway Discovery DNS suffix: living.adam.home IP address prefix: aaaa::1:

Gateway1 Name

iGateway

GET living

/.well-known/serverInfo Address

light1.living.adam.home aaaa::1:5 temp.living.adam.home aaaa::1:6 hum.living.adam.home aaaa::1:9

Name suffix prefix Gateway1 living aaaa::1: GET Gateway2 bath aaaa::2: /.well-known/serverInfo

Internet

Home network

DNS suffix: bath.adam.home IP address prefix: aaaa::2:

Gateway2 Name

GET bath

/.well-known/serverInfo Address

light1.bath.adam.home aaaa::2:3 temp.bath.adam.home aaaa::2:6 Department of Information Technology – Internet Based Communication Networks and Services (IBCN)

26

Self Organization process

Internet

Home iGateway network

Add Gateway1 to DNS Add it as DNS server Add route to sensor subnet

Gateway1

Create unique name Store info in local DNS

sen1

coap://[ff02::1]/.well-known/ServerInfo List of known CoAP server addresses

coap://[ff02::1]/.well-known/ServerInfo List of known CoAP server addresses

Self-configuration

coap://[IGW]/.well-known/Servers Discovered gateways

coap://[SensorGW]/.well-known/Servers Discovered sensors

Sensor Discovery

coap://[sensor]/temperature temperature

Sensor Access


27

Challenge: Home Automation Example Can I access multiple living room lights resources at once? kitchen lights shutters

shutters TV spots

locks locks

15/10/2015

Group Communication

locks

28

CoAP Multicast PUT Home Automation Example living room lights /light Payload: light=off

CoAP Multicasts are Non-confirmable → Not reliable

15/10/2015

“The single biggest problem in communication is the illusion that it has taken place.” - George Bernard Shaw 29 (1856-1950)

Alternative Group Communication

Internet

Gateway

30

PUT /lights state=on

Group access

Internet ACK

phone

Gateway

/lights

31


15/10/2015

CoAP Unicasts can be confirmable 32 → Reliable

Evaluation 

Methods   



Mathematical models Simulations Testbeds

Performance parameters   

Reliability Packets transmitted Latency


33

Reliability Reliability of complete group of 5 nodes (%) 100 4-hop 3-hop

2-hop

entity

1-hop

80

multicast

60

1-hop 40 2-hop 20 3-hop

4-hop

0 0

5

10

15

20

25 30 Packet Loss (%)


34

Number of Packets Average # packets/group member (group of 5 nodes) 15

4-hop 3-hop

10 2-hop 4-hop

5

entity

3-hop 2-hop

1-hop

1-hop

0 0

5

multicast

10

15

20

25 30 Packet Loss (%)


35

Group access from cache GET /temp

Internet 23

phone

Gateway

/temp

36

Number of Packets with cache Average # packets/group member

8

Entity 4-hop Multicast

6


4


2


0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60 70 Time between requests (s)


37

Advanced Group Communication

Gateway

Internet

Precision

• 23 instead of 23.2

Observe • Notifications only upon group state change

Operations • • • •

List Minimum Maximum Average

38

Entity Operations sen2

coap://[EM]/temp?eo=avg

Internet

GET coap://[EM]/temp?eo=avg

Gateway

sen1

GET coap://[sen2]/s/t GET coap://[sen1]/sens/temp 2.05 Content (text/plain) Body: 23

2.05 Content (text/plain) Body: 24

2.05 Content (text/plain) Body: 25


39

Entity Observe coap://[EM]/doors

Internet Registration

GET Obs coap://[EM]/doors

Notification of current state 2.05 Content Obs (text/plain) Body: door1,closed door2,closed

door2

Obs

Gateway

door1

GET Obs coap://[sen2]/lock GET Obs coap://[sen1]/sens/lock 2.05 Content Obs (text/plain) Body: closed 2.05 Content Obs (text/plain) Body: closed

Notification upon state change 2.05 Content Obs (text/plain) Body: door1,closed door2,open

2.05 Content Obs (text/plain) Body: open


40

Key improvements

Reliability

Groups of resources

Validation

Observe support

Cache friendly

Flexibility


41

Outlook

Security Privacy Automatic suggestion of groups Automatic creation of groups Automatic adjustment of parameter settings


42

Questions ? Isam Ishaq [email protected] www.ibcn.intec.ugent.be Internet Based Communication Networks and Services research group (IBCN) Department of Information Technology (INTEC) Ghent University - iMinds