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Observational and modeling constraints on global anthropogenic enrichment of
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mercury
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Helen M. Amos1*, Jeroen E. Sonke2, Daniel Obrist3, Nicholas Robins4, Nicole Hagan5, 5 Hannah M. Horowitz6, Robert P. Mason7, Melanie Witt8, Ian M. Hedgecock9, Elizabeth S. Corbitt6, Elsie M. Sunderland1,10
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Harvard University, School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA, USA 2 Laboratoire Géosciences Environnement Toulouse, Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées, CNRS-IRD-Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France 3 Desert Research Institute, Reno, NV, USA 4 North Carolina State University, Department of History, Raleigh, NC, USA 5 Environmental Health Council, Durham, NC, USA 6 Harvard University, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA 7 University of Connecticut, Department of Marine Sciences, Groton, CT, USA 8 University of Oxford, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford, Englandg 9 CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Rende Division, Rende, Italy 10 Harvard University, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
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SUPPORTING INFORMATION
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Includes three tables, one figure, and is 15 pages in length.
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* Corresponding author: Helen M. Amos. Mailing address: 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, 02143. Email:
[email protected]. Phone: +1 (617) 496-5348. Fax: +1 (617) 495-4551.
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Table S1. Hg accumulation rates and enrichment factors from lake sediment and peat archives Table S1 is provided in a separate Excel spreadsheet due to its size. Caption for Table S1. Compilation of published peat and lake sediment Hg accumulation rates1-32. Enrichment factors (EFs) are calculated based on relative changes in accumulation rates. Missing values indicate that the data was not available or could not be extracted with confidence from the original publications.
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Table S2. Measured Hg concentrations in background soils
Region Europe Sweden Sweden Norway
Date(s)
Depth (cm)
1983 - 1984
not reported
1960 - 1964
between ~5 to 10c
Austria
Mean soil Hg concentration g-1 dry weight)
Number (μg of samples
Reference
0.25 ± 0.09a 0.06b 0.19 (min: 0.02, max: 0.55)
363 273 ~700
Hakanson et al.33 Andersson34 Lag and Steinnes35
0.10b
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Wimmer and Haunold36
0.33 (min: 0.08, max: 0.68) 0.12 (min: 6e-4 - 0.72)
> 24
Buchtová et al.37d
> 24
Buchtová et al.37
Czech Republic Czech Republic
not reported
O-horizon
not reported
mineral soils (including Ahorizon)
Germany
1996, 1998
0 to 60
Up to 0.5 in Oa-horizon
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Schwesig and Matzner38, Schwesig et al.39
0 to 25
range of means from 5 zones: 0.13 - 0.28e
775
Nater and Grigal40
75 to 100
range of means from 5 zones: 0.02 - 0.03
465
Nater and Grigal40
North America Michigan, not reported Minnesota, Wisconsin, USA Michigan, not reported Minnesota, Wisconsin, USA
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Mean soil Hg concentration g-1 dry weight)
Number (μg of samples
Region
Date(s)
Depth (cm)
Reference
Canada & USA USA
2004
min: 0.02, max: 0.14 range of means from 14 sites: 0.009 - 0.25
>1500
Grigal41, Woodruff et al.42
2007 - 2009
A-horizon, Chorizon 0 to 20
168
Obrist et al.43
USA
2007 - 2009
20 to 40
range of means from 13 sites: 0.007 - 0.13
156
Obrist et al.43
conterminous USA
2004 - 2010
0 to 5
0.05 ± 0.8 (min:
