2017 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook

2017 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook

Rhode Island KIDS COUNT is a children’s policy organization that provides information on child well-being, stimulates dialogue on children’s issues, and promotes accountability and action. Rhode Island KIDS COUNT is a children’s policy organization that provides information on child well-being, stimulates dialogue on children’s issues, and promotes accountability and action. Rhode Island KIDS COUNT appreciates the generous support of The Rhode Island Foundation, United Way of Rhode Island, The Annie E. Casey Foundation, Prince Charitable Trusts, Alliance for Early Success, DentaQuest Foundation, Nellie Mae Education Foundation, van Beuren Charitable Foundation, Neighborhood Health Plan of Rhode Island, Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Rhode Island, Delta Dental of Rhode Island, UnitedHealthcare Community Plan, Hasbro Children’s Fund, and CVS Health. The annual Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook is one of fifty state-level projects designed to provide a detailed community-bycommunity picture of the condition of children. A national Data Book with comparable data for the U.S. is produced annually by The Annie E. Casey Foundation. Additional copies of the 2017 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook are available for $20.00 per copy. Reduced rates are available for bulk orders. To receive copies of the Factbook, please contact: Rhode Island KIDS COUNT One Union Station Providence, RI 02903 (401) 351-9400 [email protected] Visit our website at www.rikidscount.org. Factbook design by Greenwood Associates. Illustrations by Gail Greenwood. Any portion of this report may be reproduced without prior permission, provided the source is cited as: 2017 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook. (2017). Providence, RI: Rhode Island KIDS COUNT. ©2017 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT

2017 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook P A R T N E R S

The Rhode Island Foundation Neil Steinberg, President & CEO Jessica David, Senior Vice President of Strategy & Community Investments Jennifer Pereira, Director of Grant Programs

United Way of Rhode Island Anthony Maione, President & CEO Adam Greenman, Executive Vice President, Director of Community Investment

The Annie E. Casey Foundation Patrick McCarthy, President & Chief Executive Officer Jann Jackson, Senior Associate, Policy Reform & Advocacy Laura Speer, Associate Director, Policy Reform & Advocacy

Rhode Island KIDS COUNT S T A F F

Elizabeth Burke Bryant, Executive Director Leanne Barrett, Senior Policy Analyst James Beasley, Policy Analyst Jill Beckwith, Deputy Director Dorene Bloomer, Finance Director Jennifer Waring Capaldo, Program Assistant Katherine Linwood Chu, Communications Manager Kara Foley, Policy Analyst W. Galarza, Executive Assistant/Office Manager Stephanie Geller, Senior Policy Analyst Suellen Rizzo, Intern, Rhode Island College Dalma Diaz, Intern, Brown University

Rhode Island State Agency Directors and Data Liaisons to Rhode Island KIDS COUNT

Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Board of Directors CHAIRPERSON

Linda Newton Partner Newton & Newton VICE CHAIRPERSON

Manuela Raposo Director Student Registration and Placement Providence School Department

Marisa Albanese Manager, Community and Customer Management National Grid Amy P. Goldberg, MD The Aubin Center Hasbro Children's Hospital Reverend Matthew Kai Pastor Westside Tabernacle Baptist Church

TREASURER

Raymond Celona, CPA S E C R E TA RY

Barbara Silvis

Elizabeth B. Lange, MD Pediatrician Coastal Medical, Inc./Waterman Pediatrics Marisa Quinn Chief of Staff to the Provost Brown University

Kevin Gallagher Office of the Governor Michael DiBiase Department of Administration Anya Rader-Wallack (Acting Secretary) John A. Y. Andrews Executive Office of Health and Human Services Rebecca Boss (Acting Director) Department of Behavioral Healthcare, Developmental Disabilities and Hospitals Trista Piccola David Allenson Brian Renzi Department of Children, Youth and Families Nicole Alexander-Scott, MD Samara Viner-Brown Department of Health

Eric Beane (Acting Director) Zulma Garcia Blair Lynch Department of Human Services Honorable Michael Forte Ronald Pagliarini Family Court Ken Wagner Kenneth Gu Department of Education Thomas Mongeau Gina Tocco Department of Public Safety Scott Jensen Department of Labor and Training Peter Alviti Jr. Department of Transportation

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2017 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Factbook

Table of Contents OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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FAMILY AND COMMUNITY

Child Population . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children in Single-Parent Families . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Grandparents Caring for Grandchildren . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mother’s Education Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Racial and Ethnic Diversity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Racial and Ethnic Disparities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16-17 18-21

ECONOMIC WELL–BEING

Median Family Income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cost of Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Homeless Children . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Secure Parental Employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paid Family Leave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Receiving Child Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children in Poverty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children in Families Receiving Cash Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Receiving SNAP Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women and Children Participating in WIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Participating in School Breakfast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24-25 26-27 28-29 30-31 32-33 34-35 36-39 40-43 44-45 46-47 48-49

HEALTH

Children’s Health Insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Childhood Immunizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Access to Dental Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children’s Mental Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children with Special Needs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infants Born at Risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Evidence-Based Family Home Visiting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women with Delayed Prenatal Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Preterm Births . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Low Birthweight Infants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Infant Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Breastfeeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children with Lead Poisoning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children with Asthma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Housing and Health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Obesity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Births to Teens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Alcohol, Drug, and Tobacco Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

52-53 54-55 56-57 58-59 60-61 62-63 64-65 66-67 68-69 70-71 72-73 74-75 76-77 78-79 80-81 82-83 84-85 86-87

SAFETY

Child Deaths and Teen Deaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Youth Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Gun Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Homeless and Runaway Youth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Youth Referred to Family Court . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Youth at the Training School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children of Incarcerated Parents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Witnessing Domestic Violence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Child Abuse and Neglect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children in Out-of-Home Placement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanency for Children in DCYF Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

90-91 92-93 94 95 96-97 98-101 102-103 104-105 106-109 110-111 112-113

EDUCATION

Children Enrolled in Early Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Enrolled in Early Head Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Licensed Capacity of Early Learning Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Receiving Child Care Subsidies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Early Learning Programs Participating in BrightStars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Enrolled in Head Start . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Enrolled in State Pre-K . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Receiving Preschool Special Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . Public School Enrollment and Demographics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Children Enrolled in Kindergarten . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Out-of-School Time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . English Language Learners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . K-12 Students Receiving Special Education Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Student Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Third-Grade Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seventh-Grade Reading Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Math Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Schools Identified for Intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chronic Early Absence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chronic Absence, Middle School and High School . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Suspensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High School Graduation Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . College Preparation and Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . * College Enrollment and Completion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teens Not in School and Not Working . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116-117 118-119 120-121 122-123 124-127 128-129 130-131 132-133 134-135 136-137 138-139 140-141 142-143 144-145 146-147 148-149 150-151 152-153 154-155 156-157 158-159 160-161 162-163 164-165 166-167

METHODOLOGY AND REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170-189 COMMITTEES AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190-195

*New Indicator 2017 Rhode Island KIDS COUNT Factbook

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Overview

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Overview

The 2017 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook is the twenty-third annual profile of the well-being of children in Rhode Island. The annual Factbook is an important tool for planning and action by community leaders, policy makers, advocates, and others working toward changes that will improve the quality of life for all children. The 2017 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook provides a statistical portrait of the status of Rhode Island’s children and youth. Information is presented for the state of Rhode Island, for each city and town, and for an aggregate of the four cities in which the highest percentages of children are living in poverty. These four core cities are Central Falls, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket. The Factbook provides communitylevel information on indicators in order to emphasize the significance of the surrounding physical, social, and economic environment in shaping outcomes for children. Communities and neighborhoods do matter – the actions of community leaders, government leaders, elected officials, businesses, faith organizations, and parents greatly influence children’s chances for success and the challenges they will face.

By examining the best available data statewide and in Rhode Island’s 39 cities and towns, Rhode Island KIDS COUNT provides an information base that can result in more effective policy and community action on behalf of children. Tracking changes in selected indicators can help communities to set priorities, identify strategies to reverse negative trends, and monitor progress. The 2017 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook examines 72 indicators in five areas that affect the lives of children: Family and Community, Economic Well-Being, Health, Safety, and Education. All areas of child well-being are interrelated and critical throughout a child’s development. A child’s safety in his or her family and community affects school performance; a child’s economic security affects his or her health and education. The 2017 Rhode Island Kids Count Factbook reflects these interrelationships and builds a framework to guide policy, programs, and individual services on behalf of children and youth.

Family Economic Security Children most at risk of not achieving their full potential are children in poverty. Rhode Island’s child poverty rate was 20.4% between 2011 and 2015, during which time there were 43,282 children living in families with incomes below the federal poverty threshold. Many families with incomes above the poverty level also have a difficult time meeting the high costs of housing, utilities, food, child care, and health care. Access to affordable and high-quality early learning opportunities, Pre-K to 12 education, health insurance coverage, housing, and nutrition, along with policies that support working families, are important tools to ensure the economic well-being of Rhode Island families and to improve child outcomes. Child Poverty is Concentrated in Four Core Cities Poverty is linked to every KIDS COUNT indicator. Between 2011 and 2015, nearly twothirds (62%) of Rhode Island's children living in poverty lived in just four cities. These communities (Central Falls, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket) are the four core cities highlighted throughout the Factbook. Children in poverty live in every community in Rhode Island, but these four communities deserve special attention because they are where child poverty is most concentrated.

Ensuring Educational Attainment for All Children Improving student achievement and high school graduation rates in Rhode Island will require focused leadership to ensure that all young children have access to the high quality early learning experiences, health care, and developmental services needed for school readiness. Schools and community leaders can implement comprehensive, evidence-based strategies from birth through third grade that lead to proficiency in reading and math, maintain high academic standards across the curriculum in all grades, and ensure that all youth graduate from high school with the skills they need to succeed in college and in Rhode Island’s workforce.


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Family and Community

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Child Population

DEFINITION

Child population is the total number of children under age 18 and the percentage change between 2000 and 2010 in the total number of children under age 18. SIGNIFICANCE

According to the American Community Survey conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau, there were 1,056,298 Rhode Island residents in 2015. Children under age 18 make up 20% of the population. Between 2000 and 2015, Rhode Island’s child population decreased by 15% from 247,822 to 211,875.1,2 Between 2011 and 2015, there were 119,896 households with children under age 18 in Rhode Island, representing 29% of all households.3 Twenty-six percent of Rhode Island children were under age five, 27% were ages five to nine, 29% were ages 10 to 14, and 18% were ages 15 to 17.4 In Rhode Island between 2011 and 2015, 123,286 (57%) children under age 18 lived in married-couple households, 69,593 (32%) children lived in single-parent households, and 18,345 (9%) children lived with relatives, including grandparents and other relatives. A total of 2,948 (1%) children lived with foster families or other unrelated heads of household.

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There were 801 (