A HiLog Journey from a Classical Dictionary to ...

&XEULOR0/RYUHQFLF$DQG0DOHNRYLF0

3DSHU

$+L/RJ-RXUQH\IURPD&ODVVLFDO'LFWLRQDU\WR +\SHUWH[W6WUXFWXUH YLDWKH*UDPPDURIFRXUVH

0LUNR¹XEULOR$OHQ/RYUHQqL–DQG0LUNR0DOHNRYL– )DFXOW\RI2UJDQL]DWLRQDQG,QIRUPDWLFV=DJUHE8QLYHUVLW\ 3DYOLQVND9DUD­GLQ&URDWLD (PDLOPFXEULOR#IRLKU (PDLODORYUHQF#IRLKU (PDLOPPDOHNRY#IRLKU >5HFHLYHG$XJXVWDFFHSWHG6HSWHPEHU@

7KHORQJHYROXWLRQRIHYHU\GD\OLIHEURXJKWWRRXUKHUL WDJHWKHPRXQWDLQVRIUHODWLYHO\VWUXFWXUHGGDWDGLF WLRQDULHVSKRQHERRNVKRVSLWDOGDWDILOHVJRYHUQPHQW GDWD ILOHV GULYLQJ OLFHQFH GDWD FULPH GDWD HWF  1HZ LQIRUPDWLRQ PHGLD SK\VLFDO VXFK DV &'520 RU '9'520 DVZHOODVORJLFDORUJDQL]DWLRQDO VXFKDV K\SHUWH[WVLPSO\FUDYHIRUPDSSLQJWKHVHROGIDVKLRQHG LQIRUPDWLRQVRXUFHVLQWRQHZVKDSH7KLVDUWLFOHVKRZV KRZWRDFKLHYHWKDWVKDSHDXWRPDWLFDOO\XVLQJWKHSDUD GLJP RIKLJKHURUGHUORJLFSURJUDPPLQJDQGSDUWLFX ODUO\WKH+L/RJODQJXDJH

RUJDQL]HGLQDQRQOLQHDUIDVKLRQVWUXFWXUHGLQPXOWLOHY HOHGQHWRIQRGHVDQGOLQNVEHWZHHQWKHP7KHFRQFHS WXDOEDVHRIK\SHUWH[WVWUXFWXUHLVGHVFULEHGLQ5HI DQG EHFDPH WKH EDVLV IRU VHYHUDO LPSOHPHQWDWLRQV $PRQJ WKHRWKHUJHQHUDOVRXUFHVRILQIRUPDWLRQRQK\SHUWH[WDUH 5HI DQG  7KH 2[IRUG 'LFWLRQDU\ RI 0RGHUQ (QJOLVK 2'0( IRUVKRUW ZLOOVHUYHDVDFDVHVDPSOHRQZKLFKZHLQWHQG WR LOOXVWUDWH WKH PHWKRG RI DXWRPDWHG PDSSLQJ RI WKH FODVVLFDOGDWDVRXUFHLQWRWKHK\SHUWH[WVWUXFWXUH

.H\ZRUGV[[[[[[

 7KH0HWKRG

 ,QWURGXFWLRQ

:H VKDOO SUHVHQW RXU PHWKRG LQ D IHZ VWHSV ,W VKDOO ERUURZVRPHIHDWXUHVRIWKHPHWKRGGHVFULEHGLQ EXW ZLWK+L/RJQRZEHLQJXVHGLQVWHDGRI3URORJ

)HZ\HDUVDJRWKHILUVWDXWKRUZKHQUHDGLQJDVDPSOH RI 'DWDPDWLRQ MRXUQDO IRXQG DQ DUWLFOH GHVFULELQJ KRZ DFRPSDQ\KHFDQ©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©W HQWLUHO\ VSHFLILHGRQO\E\WKHWH[WXDOVWUXFWXUHRIWKHLUGLFWLRQDU\ XQLWVEXWDUHDOVRGHWHUPLQHGE\JUDSKLFDOSURSHUWLHVRI WKHVH XQLWV DV VHHQ RQ WKH H[DPSOH RI WKH 2'0( GLF WLRQDU\XQLWUHVRUW UHVRUW UL]RUW  Y  WR WXUQ IRU KHOS WR DGRSW DV DQ H[SHGLHQWUHVRUWHGWRYLROHQFHWRJRHVSHFLDOO\DVD IUXHTXHQWRUFXVWRPDU\SUDFWLFHSROLFHZDWFKHGWKHEDUV WR KH ZDVNQRZQWR UHVRUW¥UHVRUWQDQH[SHGLHQW

-RXUQDORI$GYDQFHG&RPSXWDWLRQDO,QWHOOLJHQFH

9RO1R

$+L/RJ-RXUQH\IURPD&ODVVLFDO'LFWLRQDU\

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©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

VWUXFWXUH 7KH GHVFULEHG SURFHGXUH RI VWUXFWXULQJ GLFWLRQDU\ XQLWVJUDPPDUFDQEHSUHFHGHGE\VRPHVWHSVRISUHSURF HVVLQJWKHVRUFHVFDQQHG WH[WOLNHXQIROGLQJDEEUHYLD WLRQV IRU H[DPSOH Y WR YHUE  RU FRUUHFWLQJ VRPH ERXQGDU\FRQGLWLRQV 6LQFH WKH IODW GLFWLRQDU\ XQLW WH[W ZLWKRXW WKH JUDSKLFDOSURSHUWLHVRILWVVHJPHQWV GRHVQRWHQDEOHUHF RJQLWLRQ RI HLWKHU WKH DFFHQWXDWHG V\OODEOH ]RUW LQ WKH VSHOOLQJRIWKHZRUGUHVRUWRUWKHFRQWH[WXDOSKUDVHVLQ WKHVHTXHQFHRIWKHZRUG©VPHDQLQJVFRPSXOVLRQLVRXU RQO\UHVRUWZLWKRXWUHVRUWWRYLROHQFH EHFDXVHLWGRHVQ©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

-RXUQDORI$GYDQFHG&RPSXWDWLRQDO,QWHOOLJHQFH



&XEULOR0/RYUHQFLF$DQG0DOHNRYLF0

VWDJLQJ Q  VFDIIROGLQJ D WHPSRUDU\ SODWIRUP RU VXS SRUWDSODWIRUPRIERDUGVIRUSODQWVWRVWDQGRQLQD JUHHQKRXVHUVWDJLQJSRVWDUHJXODUVWRSSLQJSODFHRQ ORQJURXWH 7KH XQLW LV UHODWLYHO\ VLPSOH EXW LW LV FRPSOLFDWHG HQRXJKWRVKRZKRZWKHGLFWLRQDU\XQLWORRNVLQ+70/

H[SRUW SDUVH LPSRUW GLFWLRQDU\BXQLW IURP JUDP

%!3 $/,*1 -867,)+_7@;  UHPRYHBOHDGLQJ+®® UHPRYHBVSDFH V7;  UHPRYHBVSDFHV>+_7@>+_7@  UHPRYHBOHDGLQJ++ +? ®®UHPRY HBVSDFHV77  UHPRYHBOHDGLQJ;+_7@ +? ® ® 6\QWD[(YDOXDWLRQRID'LFWLRQDU\8QLW 1RZWKHGLFWLRQDU\XQLWLVWUDQVIRUPHGLQWKHIRUPWKDW FDQEHSRFHVVHGE\WKH;6%SDUVHU /HW XVQRZVHHWKHVWUXFWXUHRIDGLFWLRQDU\XQLW$GLF WLRQDU\ XQLW FDQ FRQWDLQ RQH RU PRUH FRQFHSW VHFWLRQV 7KHILUVWVHFWLRQKDVWRVWDUWZLWKWKHQDPHRIDFRQFHSW WKHZRUGZKLFKLVH[SODLQHG ZKLFKLVZULWWHQEROGDQG RWKHUVHFWLRQVPD\RUPD\QRWVWDUWZLWKWKHQDPHRIWKH FRQFHSW)RUH[DPSOHZHKDYHWKHIROORZLQJGLFWLRQDU\ XQLW VWDJJHU ;  7R PRYH …Q DQ XQGHUVWHDG\…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

ILUVWBFRQFHSWBFDWHJRU\BVHFWLRQ!F RQFHSWPHDQLQJV ILUVWBFRQFHSWBFDWHJRU\BVHFWLRQ!F RQFHSWFRQFHSWBSUHDPEOHPHDQLQJV FRQFHSWBFDWHJRU\BVHFWLRQ ! >®®@ _ >® ®@  FRQFHSW PHDQLQJV FRQFHSWBFDWHJRU\BVHFWLRQ ! >®®@ _ >® ®@  FRQFHSWFRQ FHSWBSUHDPEOHPHDQLQJV FRQFHSWBFDWHJRU\BVHFWLRQ !>®®@ _ >® ®@  FRQFHSWBSUHDPEOHPHDQ LQJV FRQFHSW >®%!®;®%!®@^DWRP; `

!

FRQFHSWBSUHDPEOH ! ZRUGBW\SH VSHOOLQJ _ VSHOOLQJZRUGBW\SH

_

ZRUGBW\SH ! >®®®Y®®®®,®@  _ >®®®Q®®,®@ _ >®®®DGM®®®®,®@_>®®®DEEUHY®®® ®,®@ _ >®®®DGY®®®®,®@_>®®®SO®®®®Q® ®®®,®@ _ >®®®SO®®®®,®@ VSHOOLQJ ! >®®@VLOODEOH>® ®@ VLOODEOH ! >;@^DWRP; ` VLOODEOH ! >®®;®%®@^DWRP; ` VLOODEOH ! >;®®@VLOODEOH ^DWRP; ` VLOODEOH  >®®;®%®®®@VLOODEOH ^DWRP; ` PHDQLQJV ! >® ®;@^DWRP; ` PHDQLQJV ! ILUVWBPHDQLQJ PHDQLQJV ! ILUVWBPHDQLQJ PRUHBPHDQLQJV ILUVWBPHDQLQJ ! RUGBQXPEHUH[SODQD WLRQV ILUVWBPHDQLQJ ! H[SODQDWLRQV PRUHBPHDQLQJV ! RUGBQXPEHU H[SOD QDWLRQV RUGBQXPEHU JHU; `

!>®®;®®®%®@^LQWH

H[SODQDWLRQV ! H[SODQDWLRQ H[SODQDWLRQV ! H[SODQDWLRQ H[SOD QDWLRQV H[SODQDWLRQ ! VLPSOHBH[SODQD WLRQ>®®@ H[SODQDWLRQ ! VLPSOHBH[SODQD WLRQ>®®@PRUHBH[SODQDWLRQV>®®@

-RXUQDORI$GYDQFHG&RPSXWDWLRQDO,QWHOOLJHQFH



&XEULOR0/RYUHQFLF$DQG0DOHNRYLF0

PRUHBH[SODQDWLRQV ! VLPSOHBH[SOD QDWLRQ PRUHBH[SODQDWLRQV ! VLPSOHBH[SOD QDWLRQ>®®@_>®®@ PRUHBH[SODQDWLR QV PRUHBH[SODQDWLRQV ! SKUDVHBWH[W PRUHBH[SODQDWLRQV!SKUDVHBWH[W >®®@_>®®@ PRUHBH[SODQDLWRQV VLPSOHBH[SODQDWLRQ >;@^DWRP; ` SKUDVHBWH[W !>®®;®,®@^DWRP; `

! 

+\SHUWH[W +\SHUWH[WLVDG\QDPLFQRQOLQHDUO\RUJDQL]HGWH[W$ W\SLFDO H[DPSOH LV D :(% VLWH 3LFWXUHV DQG VRXQG DV

:(%SDJHLQIRUPDWLRQHOHPHQWVFDQEHIRUWKDWRFFDVLRQ XQGHUVWRRGDVWH[WXDOOLQNV:(%HOHPHQWVJLYHDYDOLG DQDORJ\WRWKHVWUXFWXUHSURSRVHGE\+\SHUWH[W$EVWUDFW 0DFKLQH GHVFULEHG LQ   :(% VLWH DV D ZKROH UHSUH VHQWV D K\SHUEDVH LWV LQGLYLGXDO SDJHV UHSUHVHQW K\SHU EDVHQRGHVOLQNVRQWKHSDJHVUHSUHVHQWRIFRXUVH OLQNV WKHPVHOYHVDQWKHLUUHGXFLEOHHOHPHQWVWH[WZLWKRXWWKH OLQNV SLFWXUHV ZKLFK GRQ©W SUHVHQW OLQNV RUVRXQG ILOHV UHSUHVHQWWKHLQIRUPDWLRQFRQWHQWRIQRGHVDQGOLQNV 0RGHOOLQJWKHK\SHUWH[WVWUXFWXUHKDVWKUHHVWHSV )RUPLQJDQGFUHDWLQJSK\VLFDOVWUXFWXUHRIQRGHV 3K\VLFDOPDLQWDLQDQFHRIWKHQRGHVWUXFWXUHDGGLQJQHZ QRGHVGHOHWLQJDOUHDG\H[LVWLQJQRGHVDGGLQJDQGGHOHW 

LQJ OLQNV EHWZHHQ QRGHV HWF   0DLQWDLQDQFH LQ XVH UHDOLVLQJ GLIIHUHQW DEVWUDFWLRQ W\SHV RQ WKH K\SHUWH[W VWUXFWXUH ,Q 3URORJ RU +L/RJ RU DQ\ RWKHU ORJLF SURJUDPPLQJ ODQJXDJH FRQWH[W WKH PRVW VXLWDEOH GDWD VWUXFWXUH IRU IRUPLQJWKHSK\VLFDOVWUXFWXUHRIQRGHVK\SHUEDVH LVD VR FDOOHG H[WHUQDO GDWDEDVH +RZHYHU IRU LOOXVWUDWLQJ VRPH LPSOHPHQWDWLRQDO DVSHFWV RI K\SHUWH[W ZH VKDOO KHUH XVH LQWHUQDO GDWDEDVHV FRQQHFWHG ZLWK D FRPSOH[ WHUP FRQVWUXFWLRQ PHFKDQLVP &RUH K\SHUWH[W VWUXFWXUH HQFRPSDVVHVDQHWRIQRGHV )RUWKHSXUSRVHRILOOXVWUDWLQJWKHPDSSLQJRIWKHGLF WLRQDU\ XQLWV LQWR K\SHUWH[W VWUXFWXUH ZH KDYH FKRVHQ D VLPSOHU3'&3URORJ7XUER3URORJ9LVXDO3URORJ SDUVHU FRPSDWLEOHJUDPPDUERUURZHGIURP  ',&7,21$5