A Mapping Schema and Interface for XML Stores - CiteSeerX

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and an interface API to define and query XML-to-relational mappings. A mapping is ... utility or application that needs to gain access to the XML- to-relational ...
A Mapping Schema and Interface for XML Stores Sihem Amer-Yahia

ABSTRACT

Divesh Srivastava

AT&T Labs – Research 180 Park Ave New Jersey, USA

AT&T Labs – Research 180 Park Ave New Jersey, USA

[email protected]

[email protected] 1. INTRODUCTION

%&5M ./,&5/( #>-)&.=Q$%&:AL*,&,&./)-  •'E$#:%&*2:)$  ./)$    :5=7 .=)5@'&79RR9V:)r,- ,V'\?9V X./) .=)&'-%-1 N JB} ŽE\y–$\4—:˜ŠI)&'(./)( :7 #>r} |$\d™E\s—šE\s—7|3\I—:›E\4—–3\4—:™E\4—:œŠg; y#! :#>-)&.=Q$%&4#*2:8H?.M !.M jH?)'E:./)!#&.=#::;j ,-,&./)& #&./#:G)-2A *x  ./)&L@ X'E$#:%&*2)3  rA1 *2:)$ I-./#::  YJE :* ; bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. To copy otherwise, to republish, to post on servers or to redistribute to lists, requires prior specific Ÿc%-?#)$ ./9&%- ./)&-:*E;8a¢*,&,&./)-Y./?'Ef)-' ).=)-)-#:@y N; ­ v+-:* A *®l@K4lª@@ nE#&:*3;K4&./ ./'E)&G%&./)&T:.M1  &> f-S-:'  ¤ SE./9&5/`d %&5/::;`¦e.MSE'*,-,&./)& "ÍEÆ$Å¿Î3\EÏÐ3ƾ$»¹Y)&'YÑ$ÒÀ$¾E¿¹3‘d ?'Ef)-'Y6 *ml@K4lcd  9-5/:4}M—7–ŠŒ;y¦e5/SE./9&5/j*,&,-./)&j} |7ŠE%&j)Y@ 0nE#&:*3; ^w)29V 2#:\-*2?9- '!,- ./)&#.=,-5/:47 c,&,&5/./';sÓ×oØ"×oØgÙÚ 4%&9-1Œ:5/:*2)3 `./@*23'-:5/'U.=)U:,& !9&5/::; Û@ÙÚÖgÜ ÔWÕ-ÔÝ×WÔÞR%&9E1W5=*2:)$ G*:JN9Vrßw./)-5=./)-'-àU./)F -:.M ,7 :)$ 9-5/;¯áeÕ&×oØgÙÚVÝâ Ø"×oã(./R&)'E5/'_%-.=)- )3%-5=5=9&5/ f56'E:;@ä[å-ÙØgæÔs./s :,E ::)$ '%&./)&Y*%-5M .=,-5/-)&.=Q$%&:? #,E %- Y'E ./)L@ F'-$#%-1 *2)3 I./)-#:5/%'-./)- &c #>-)&.=Q$%&:?'E:# ./9V'./)(}M—\[—7{$\{ŽŠg;

2.1 Mapping Examples

v+c#:)-.6'E? &`.=*2,-5/ l@K4lO.=:) 9V:5/H§H?& @#>'31 E'  ö ö ùwÿö   ê3ê3ëMëMòòüüò ò ýýò ò þ þ ïï$ ó>÷ÿwÿóó : :öö ##ññîîì ì ïï      ê3ëMòüò ýò þ ï >ö ö ùÿö #ñîì ï  % ^w)F'-! L   @ §'-$#%&*2:)$ G &#:)E" *x L -./ l@K4l\-:5/:*2:)$ :\& ./9&%E : %- @)&'T  9V!#,- %E 'Z;G^w)N'-'-.M ./)i\[*2 G.=)E" * ./)N*2.=$@)&::'L  9VY#,E %- ' .Mj)R n3#>-:*} {š7Šd./c./)i;`¦&cS-*2,-5=\ ./)0 - @ (nE#&:*9V:5/H@\&wJE,V`.=)E" * ./) #:)9V $#:.M1  :'L  ./9&%E :!o./)& 'Ns &* 9V:./)&5/5d ./)&‘>;K4&  ./9-%-  » &Æ$¿ÇN./2L5/./` .=)-R" &!#%&5='F9V0 - '-.M61 "> :)$@,V./9&5/2:*./5=cI)('&'3 :@9V$(P ' @H?)&>‘c)'R &  ./9-%- @½$»$Ç*» )"Ð + à »T./`) ./)$ :>" :,E ::)$ ./)&2 5=,&&)& )3%&*G9VI./)0 -.=?#7‘>; ê>÷ ê ,-öö :ö ó öwÿ ÿó ö.0/Wó ô ôõ>ö÷÷wø>ù ùú1/- ê ê ó ó  õ õ - -22>ö>öccÿÿóó : :öö .0.0/W/W ùö :

ÿó ö 3õ/4/455öö .0.0/w/w ÷ ÷ õ õ ü Wÿ

63 ÷ 3//-7-7 ê6õùYÿ õ>ö.0/Wóôôõ>ö÷ ÷ø>ù ùúî>ùwÿ>öwÿ3/-7 ê 7 ö ö öw ê 6õ> ù ÿó :ö .0/Wóôôõ>ö÷ ÷ø>ù ùúî>ùw ê,-:ê 6ùõ> ù,öG õ> ö .0/8ÿó ö wÿó öï>ÿ >öö  wÿö 3/-ùw ÿö / êê 76õ7,ù  ù  ,ö  Wÿí ,,-õ ÷ .9: ó ;í ,,-õ÷ .0/< ÿ2:ù ÿ>ôö 0ô /-7 ê 6õ> ù ÿó :ö .0/=ÿ:ó ö wÿ:ó öï> ê÷öê > 6öõ>wù ÿG, öõ> ö .0/8ÿó ö wÿó ö 0ö ö/-7 ùÿö /- êê 76õ7ê÷ ù öö >  öö wÿ0öÿ,@ÿö ó :ö .0/=>ö ö ùÿö /45 :ö .0/ Wÿ >ö6ö1õ /-7 ê 6õ> ù ÿó :ö .0/=ÿ:ó ö wÿ:ó  ê,-:êùö 

ö, öö ÿ @ÿó :ö .0/=wö ÿ/-ó :ö /45 ö .0/w÷ õ Wÿ 60/-7 êê 76õ7ê,ù ö ù ö  ,ööÿ @ÿó :ö .0/- ó>÷ ÿó :ö /45 ö .0/w÷ õ Wÿ 60/-7 ê÷ ê -  ÷ ? öï 5öö` ÿï5 ó :öö.0.0/w/w÷÷ õõ> ü Wÿ

60÷ 3//7 ê 7ê÷ 7,-÷ ö    ó   öï 5 ö   K4&./I +nE#&*  ¤ :# ?I*%&#TI,V.=9-5/  & l@K4lG; K4&! :'->*G%&@)- ! 7H42'E:#:*2,V'L &2l@K4l ./)$ D:)$ ./ ./:)&'  &L@ °n3#>-:*(./)$ D %&,&:;ud)$ .M .= &%&5='(9V2:)DY*# :A; @` %&,-Y :)- ./#2)*2:@  '-.=)7 G!:Q3%-:)&#  %&,Do'E '>>‘>\)R5/5e %&,(o%&)-1 'E '>>‘I`#>-./#:2} {š7Šg;4¦&‘>;yy>J!:5/:*2:)$4'-f&)&.M ./)./) -`l K4l ./8  'G./)G`:,& j9&5/;8y>J ./9&%E 4./e./)&5/./)&'Y./)Y - 5=*2:)$i &e#)$./)&[./;eK4&dY:5/:*2:)$i.=i#,E %- ' ./)T½3ƺ&;jK4-c)*2c[#> ./9&%E c./4#,- %E 'T./) &`)*2 I &f&:5='U &#:)3./)&.M Y5/%-;2l $#:%-*2:)$@ %&#> %- !./ #:,- %E '+9$JN E :!f56'E:H‹ G¸ Ir"H?-.=#D./ %-)&.=Q$%&2.='-)3 .Mf& ./)&:' Y#:5/:*2:)$>‘>K\ J$¼ D K¸ LMC0"H?&./#>./I " :./)0PJ   -: GK¸ I2f&:5='#:)$.=)-'./) - ,7 :)$`5=*2:)$>‘4)A' N DKOFP L$¼ Q "A`./9&5/./)&!'->‘>; óôôwÿõ>öó ÷ ö÷ø>ï>ù ó2 ùú3 ö$ûAóûô ôõ>ö>ÿ÷ ó÷w ø>ù öùTúU ò T ðKU ò óðM>ó66où wÿÿóö :õ öT VT V  ü W>üWòKòK"ö ó T VüWò%  wÿ ó ö T í R 0 ìð Wþó Kü6X ó>÷ ÿÿóó  :öö TT ñV Rü ò WþKò ï  %  ó ÷ ÿó öï>ó 2  ö$û  ó÷ ÿó ö TU ò K R R >öö ùwÿ:ö÷û >ö>ö öö ó÷ÿùwùÿ:ÿó öö T T öU í RT ò3ìíKð Wì0þ>ó Wþü6K üK>ö>öX   óö ö ÷ ÿùwùwÿÿó öö öTT TñVñ R ü W>ò ò þKò þï  ï% % aXƹ¹¾»3ÅÅ7"Í ++3Z #:)$./)-2)&5MJF)&$##:%- :)-#:   -c,&.M\ [ B Á3ÇÇ Ã Æ &-^» ]w½$»$Ç*» )"Ð + à F» _\ [ÇÆÅ½ à Æ &-^» ]w½$»$Ç*» )"Ð + à F» _\  &H?./\'-'-.M ./)5$,- $#:.=)-c./[ Q$%-./ :'o; E\#)&#: :)&1 ./)-G5/%&4./)3  ./)&‘>;y^w)'E4 #,E %- JU   -@#>-./56'0:5/:*2:)$`)') '-./)5[)3%&*G9V4 2#,- %- @./9-5=./)- '-;uKi 5/5=H *SE./*5ô ôöõ>5Töñ÷÷wRø>ò ù þ ùïMú T U>U ò öðK5T oîù f ÿwüöìgõ T AVî  ü W> òKôT í R ì3wWÿþ ó ü%öT V ü W òM ö  ó û6ö :ó T U ó>ò Kð÷ ÿ"ö :ó :ó ö T VT  Vü W ü KòWò >ö%  ö ùÿö T V ü Wò % ^W) D Ï h-\I &0 %&# %E  @'-$#:%-*2:)$ !./T#:,- %E 'F%&./)&( ,E :'E>“,V 'E+L'-:#> .=9V:' ./)ª}M—›7ŠŒ;¡y#  %-,&5/(& 'G,V'-$# %&*2'-:>)$j .='E./)U:)$  &./f&./  8'E 7;d#:K4& !:,E,V :)'G'E   f&%-)&:5=.='TQ$>%&./ )4.=,E)- 0:#> -'E9-y@5=< )&./B %&R'-'T$#%&I*2:P)$YJG.=f'-::5=)$' ;y.Mfj#>;(2n3 .=%&)-,-#:5/` &&./  5/,-( :R:5/)$:7: 5s.=)E)+%-*./@9V,V?YH45/)Y'F )-:'E)G@'0 )$TJ-*2'-$#: %-*2j; c`:)$ \7` & A%&&i5yJ$I:¼ )&%-D ¸K%&LM CIU#:) %&'$5=#'TN DK,-OF,V P %EL#: ¼.MAJQ f&:G5=9-'-5=d` 7%&) #4 *2)&%E : o; E;/\ D ÇÆÅ½ à Æ &-»$‘>; R d

R k

óô ô õ>ö÷ ÷wøù ùú3û6ó ô ôõ>ö÷÷wø>ù ùú Tñ R òKoóô ôõ>ö>÷ ÷wø>ù ùúTñ>í"óô ôõö÷ ÷wø>ùùúTüòVM

wÿó öû ó wwÿô ÿôóóõ>  :ööö÷TTññ÷wø>R Rù òMòù úþ ï Twì%íîÿóo  ù öÿTöV õ T ü VW òM ü W>Kò "ö ÿóó  öT TVí R üì0WWòþ%ü R  ó÷ ÿ:ó öûó÷ÿó öT U òðK>ó6KX ó÷ ÿó öTV ü WòMX ó÷ ÿó öTí R ì0Wþü R ö ö :ùwÿöû >öö ó>  ÷ÿöö :ó :ùùwÿÿööTö ñTT ñU ò ò RKð þ ò ïþ >öï%% ö ùÿö T V ü WKò ö ö :ùwÿö T í R 0ì Wþ  Kü  ^w)+'&'E.M .=)( R .=)-#:.=)D#:,- %E ./)&  %-# %- \e@ Z1g 1  :5= ./)5$*,&,-.=)-Z*:Jc'E.M[./)@ &eH4:Jc &>J #,- %- d %&,-:; a`0)§S-*2,&5/\?./) D *Ï l&\`./:)«9V5=H@\î ù ù úE ô$û6óûU>ô ôöõ5Töñ÷ ÷wø>R òùþ ùúïKT U U>òöðK5T"îù fÿ:üöìMõT AVî 0ü WòKôT "ö í R ì0ó WþTVü % ü Wò%  ÿó ö ÿó öïö  ö :ùwÿöû  ÿó ö ÿó öïö  ö :ùwÿö T Uò K  ÿó ö ÿó öeû ÿó  ö wÿó ö T U ò Kð  wÿ:ó ö T V ü WKò öÿ: ó ö ö T VùWÿ: üöWT Vò % üWò% ^w)0'E? !%E 5=./)-  & :5/:*2)3  B Á3ÇÇ Ã Æ &-»T)'ÇÆ$Ž à Æ &&»-\ H4@#:)HI .M ‹  ÿó ö ÿó öïö  ö :ùwÿöû  ÿó ö ÿó öïö  ö :ùwÿö T Uò K ð >ö ö ùWÿ:ö T V ü Wò %  wÿó öûwÿó :öT U ò ðM ÿó öTV ü Wò% ó÷ ÿ ó öû  ó>÷ ÿó :ö T U ò M ð X ó÷ ÿó ö TV ü Wò % K4&s*2:#>&)-.=*_ d)9-5/:d*,&,-./)&c %-,&8./dJY,VHI1 A%&5)&'§5/5/7H?  B'E ./()$JX5/::5@./)-5=./)-.=)-$“7%- 5/./)&./)--;  &N*,&,&./)- 7 (#,- %E 'X./)u} |ŠŒ;kz`H4:>\ 'E$#:%&*2:)$  %&#> %-  ./`5MHI:JE?#,E %- ' ?.=)0#>-:* D "Ï E; ¦e./)5=5MJ$\ D *Ï pG&H?s -`#:`H?-  'E$#:%&*2)3 j `*,-,V'  Tž4 [Ÿ  `;iž4 eŸ  j #:%-5='L9VY%&:'R   !)$JR +A1 *2:)$N} Ž3\!—:˜Šg; ž4 eŸ  sR#%&5='§5/ 9VN# : '«    +71  ./9&%E ::; R o

î>óô ôõ>ö>÷ ÷wø>ù ùú3û6óô ô õ>ö÷ ÷wøù ùúT Uò ðK>ö;T Vü Wò%

R q

2.2 Mapping Desiderata

8S-#:,-@A &!%-!I)(>SE > )5d :5= ./)(  *,U %&#>1  %- U"H?&./# ./2)r'&'E./ ./)54A %E  %E!*,&,&./)-‘>\s5/5  -S-*2,-5/: 2#,- %E 'U./)+>S-./ ./)&0@ 1Œ 1g :5= ./)&5 *,-,&./)&:;YŸc%-c5d./c 0,E 7E.='E!T'-:#:5=7 ./*2#>&)&./*  U,V:#:.MAJD -0*,&,&./)- T9V::)F,- ,V'F./)F9V   :7 #> )'T./)'-%-JT)&'0>c) ./)$ o#:  !#:#::SE )&./9&5/L+ 70)-Ht@ Z1g 1  :5= ./)5-*,-,&./)&8#:%-56'Y9VI./)&#: ,V :'./)3 E1 )-.=Q3%-0Y} |Š?./!9'D)+ HI .M ./)&U &./)&,&%E ¢nE#&:* ./)$ FQ$%&./5/:)$ °nE#&:*)'X:5/:#> .=)-B -N*2>A1 f&#:./:)$ )&U9:'§)¢ Q$%&>JX*2.MS«)'«F 7 .= ./#::; K4-0 ¢nE#&:*0 >HI ./ ./)-N :,D./!,E ./ L)$J+@ 1g 1  567 ./)5V*,-,&./)&E;8K4&> " \3./)2'->j  #:,- %E I &I*,E1 ,-./)&'-:#> .=9V:'F./)«} |7Šg\yH4T)-5/J()&::'( U9VT9&5/T LSE,E :  -:.M I?./) D FÏ E )'L:5/:*2:)$ )&*2:c 2'E:# ./9V'L%&./)&0½3ƺ0f&:5='Z;YaT U &  *2! %&,()*2‘>;2^W4 %&,(./*,-,V'R R09-5/\ H45/5/Hª -2,V./9&./5/.MwJ+?,V:#:.MAJE./)&  &G0 f:5=' )&:'E@  9V2# 7 '+./)( &!9&5/; nE*2> .=*2:\e %&,- )' @7 %&:'L./)$  #)&:9&5MJ$\./)RH?&./#N#\ & %&c#:%-56'R,V:#./6JR 7` -Y9&5/Y 2H?-.=#R &wJE,V./ *,&,V:' 2 &R *2R)&*2RT -R %&,i\?./)XH?-.=# #\ #:%-56'T5/G,V:#:.MAJ 7If:5='&%-5='T9V2)*20H?&./# ./2%-' ./)  &S&*2,&5/K\ JMaMNY./I%&:'2 Y,V:#:.M6J2  '-$#:%-*2:)$ %&# %E  H?.=5/5 9VL#,- %E 'r9$JF &L,7 :)$\ #>-.=5='U)&'U'-./)5yf&:5='- ./)U#N9&5/; J D K¸ J"NÏ.=@%-'  D,V:#:.MAJX &0,- :'-\`,V '-\`5/::5c)&'«'-$#:%E1 *2:)$8.='-:)$ .Mf d-%&5='Y9VI%&'; O K¸ ‚K¸ IY.=d%-'G c*2:)  &Tl H4>J+l :#.=*51 #%-! &JN 2%-'U :.M &Y#,- %-  %&# %E  o; -;/\ J$¼ D K ¸ LMC2)' N DOFP L$¼ QGf:5='E‘yj #,E %- ;ya`)S3 :)-./)2 G%-?'E:./) *2.=$YY'-$#:%-*2:)$  %-# %- !>S-#:,-  &Y7 .=9-%- :7  )&!'- ';BŸc%- 5/./)&./)-N7 ./9&%- !)- ,&,V5=./)- 9V:)-f&;°K4-R :5= ./)&5@*23'-5c./*2,V:T*2L5/./*2.M1  ./)-?H?-:)T*,&,-./)&G ./9&%E :4H?& wJE,Vc./?#:*2,-5/S  Y f:5='!./)T@9&5/;dK43%-:\$H4G)-I -s"5=5/H?./)& :#&)&.=Q$%& ./L%&:'§ X#:,- %E +'E$#:%&*2:)$R %-# %- N9VwHs::)_:5/:*2:)$  )'«%E 5/.=)-'«%&9E1W5=*2:)$ )'« ./9-%- ::;¬K4&N ./9&%E  Æ ) #)@d)-d3 &8"5/5=H?./)&`5/%&: ö 5†/Œñ R ò ñ>í / Œ Ð-¿Î7Ð ‡ 1 /oìò  ò3 ð /†/gñ>îí /†/Œò ‰ï R ò>0ü /†/gò ì Ž3ò //8ï ï R Wø Wï 1ò //;j¦e./)5/5/J$\E &`:#4 /gòì Ž1ò /†/8ïï R Wø W>ï 3ò / D K /«*2 -3'Z;§^W)  &U#:::\  ';e^ŒE -d5=%-d Œ Ð-¿Î7Ð ‡ 1Æ ) ./i:*2,-WJ$\  %-# %-  H?./5/5[)-?9V@#,- %E 'Z; C$ÆÀEÇ» ‡ 1 Æ ) ./e%-'c ?#  d9-5/:i6 * 5=*2:)$ :\ ./9&%E : 4 %&,-`o#&./#:\3Q$%&)&#: *,&,-.=)-G-%-56'09V %&' AG'-$#%&*2:)$  %-# %- ;^W)+'-'-.M ./)U 0./*%-5= ./)&0SE.= ./)- *,&,-.=)- ,- ,V 5=:\d -.= ¤ SE.=9-./5=.MWJ( '&'E./ ./)54'-)E1 : A@A%- %- ,-,&5/./# ./)-:;2Ÿc%E@'E:./)U#:%-56'U5/ 9VGS31 ,&)&'-'2 !,V *2.M?'E%5*,&,&./)-I- +*P0 - ,V:#:.Mf&# ./)rY ¯&0)' #:)&#:./ )'!:)E" #:` -?A5/5/H?.=)-!'Eo%&5M4*,&,&./)-  %&5/::‹?—7‘ ^Wd)-`./:)Z\&9&5/Y)' ž4 eŸ  §)*2`7 J- *!1W:)&> '; Œ{‘d¦e./:5='!)*2:8 y#,- %E `'E$#:%&*2)3d %-# %- @o-./ #$J )&'Yc./)-A * ./)V‘e 45MHI:JEdJ- *!1W:)&> ';4gŽ‘e¦e./:5=' )*2:d j#,- %- ?./)&5/./)&:'!:5/:*2:)$4)'27 .=9-%- ?5/%&:j  5MH4JE2JE :*!1Œ)&7 'Z;¢o˜$‘v«&:)D :,V: 'B:5/:*2:)$  #:*2,&5/S WJ-,Vj ./9-%- :[ s./)-5=./)-'Z\ &:.M[5=%-:87 s#:)&#7 1 )7 '.=)$ ``./)&5/sf:5='5/%&;sŒ|‘i^Œ?9&5/j.=8)-8#>  '" %- #!)*20o:5/:*2)3\Z7 ./9&%- )&'L %-,V‘>\Z.M@./ ./)&5/./)&' 9$J2'Eo%&5M;?g›‘yvX&:)2:5/:*2)3 j4 ./9&%E :47 c./)&5/./)&'\$ & )*2`[ -o%-5M *,-,&./)&U %&5/:./)$ (#>«,&,-5=./#7 ./)i\I -:  %&5/:#:%&5='r9V ,V:#:.Mf&'./)R(ßW#:)Ef%E ./) f&5/:à 7IH4%&5='9V@,7 ' )'   :'«5/)-+H?./ « &T*,&,&./)-(./)-A * ./)i;mK4-R*./) 9V:)-f&2cHI .M ./)&('-"%&5M2 %-5=N,7  ,V:#:.Mf&# ./) ./I s &JT#:%&5='09V *'-cQ3%-J39&5/ )'T 3%-I,-,&5/./# ./)- 9&%-./5/d) , -4*,-,&./)&`.=)E" * ./)!#%&5='9V49&# ' A * )$JT'31Œ#:3'-'T#>-./#:;

3.4 Examples of MXM Mappings

v+ù R ý>ó  w êêï> õ ó 2 , ö ýý> ó ÿ ó6‘  õ> ù  ,-.0ý>/8‰ó 0.0/4/g>ùò‰.0ï R/ òü0o/-7/- ê >ó2  ‘ êê 7 >ó÷2 ù>õö ö >ó,öþ>6 ó 

öö@ô .0óô /Œô þ>õ>íþ ö3ò÷ ÷w/ø ù ùúYê7÷ ùõ ,öþ>ó ö ê >ó2  ‘ êê 7 >ó÷2 ù>õö ö >ó,öþ>6 ó 

ööô .0ÿ/Œþ>ó íþ ö3òwÿ/ó  öï>ööùwÿ:öcê7÷ùõ,öþ>ó :ö ê >ó2  ‘ êê 7 >ó÷2 ù>õö ö >ó,öþ>6 ó 

ööô .0ÿ/Œþ>ó íþ ö3òwÿ/ó  öê7÷ ùõ ,öþ>ó ö ê 7ïó 2  öýó   êî ü>íø ý>ó7ÿ 6 ê 7‰>ù R ý>ó 0 W K4-0)-S3! .=)$ D KÏ nU-H? &T,V./9&./5/.MwJFc%- 5/./)-1 ./)- B ÁEÇÇ Ã Æ &&»T)'ÇÆ$Ž à Æ &&»2A *k -@#>-./#:@ %&,Z\& - :9$J #>  ./)&G:,7  9-5/ "`#> e &* ; ê ‰>ù R ý>ó  w êêï> õ ó 2 , ö ýý> ó ÿ ó6‘  õ> ù  ,-.0ý>/8‰ó 0.0/4/g>ùò‰.0ï R/ Ròü0o/-7/- ê >ó2  ‘ êê 7 >ó÷2 ù>õö ö >ó,öþ>6 ó 

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