A Study on Photon Interaction Cross Sections and ... - Science Direct

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Engineering 127 (2015) 665 – 669



,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ&RPSXWDWLRQDO+HDWDQG0DVV7UDQVIHU

$6WXG\RQ3KRWRQ,QWHUDFWLRQ&URVV6HFWLRQVDQG0DVV $WWHQXDWLRQ&RHIILFLHQWV'HSHQGHQWV&KHPLFDO&RPSRVLWLRQ RI:RRG0DWHULDOVDWWKH(QHUJ\5DQJHRI.HYWR0HY 6DULWKD%RGGXSHOOLD 1DJHVKZDUDUDR$6E D

'HSDUWPHQWRI3K\VLF.DNDWL\D8QLYHUVLW\:DUDQJDO7HODQJDQD,QGLD 'HSDUWPHQWRI3K\VLF.DNDWL\D8QLYHUVLW\:DUDQJDO7HODQJDQD,QGLD

E

$EVWUDFW 7KLV SDSHU UHSRUWV RQ HYDOXDWLRQ RI WKH SDUWLDO SKRWRQ LQWHUDFWLRQ FURVV VHFWLRQV DQG WRWDO PDVV DWWHQXDWLRQ FRHIILFLHQWV RI GLIIHUHQWZRRGPDWHULDOVLQFOXGLQJVRIWDQGKDUGZRRGPDWHULDOV7KHVHYDOXHVDUHFRPSDUHGZLWKWKHFRUUHVSRQGLQJYDOXHVRI VKLHOGLQJPDWHULDOV3EFRPSRXQGVDQG+J 7KHYDOXHVRILQWHUDFWLRQFURVVVHFWLRQVDUHFRPSXWHGXVLQJ;FRPFRPSXWHUGDWD EDVH VRIWZDUH RYHU WKH HQHUJ\ OHYHOV .H9 WR 0H9  ,W LV REVHUYHG WKDW — WRWDO RI FRPSRVLWH PDWHULDOV ZRRG PDWHULDOV  GHFUHDVHVVKDUSO\LQWKHORZHQHUJ\UHJLRQZKLFKUHPDLQVFRQVWDQWLQWKHPHGLXPHQHUJ\UHJLRQDQGLQFUHDVHVLQKLJKHQHUJ\ UHJLRQ$WWHQXDWLRQFRHIILFLHQWVRIGLIIHUHQWSDUWLDOLQWHUDFWLRQSURFHVVHVOLNH3KRWRHOHFWULFDEVRUSWLRQ&RKHUHQW6FDWWHULQJ3DLU SURGXFWLRQDUHFDOFXODWHGDQGDQDO\]HG7KHUHVXOWVVXJJHVWWKDWWKHLQWHUDFWLRQSURFHVVHVDUH=GHSHQGHQW © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU%9 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKHRUJDQL]LQJFRPPLWWHHRI,&&+07± Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICCHMT – 2015

.H\ZRUGV:RRGPDWHULDOV&KHPLFDO&RPSRVLWLRQ3DUWLDODWWHQXDWLRQFRHIILFLHQWV7RWDODWWHQXDWLRQFRHIILFLHQW;FRP

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

&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HO (PDLODGGUHVVVDULWKDERGGXSHOOL#JPDLOFRP



1877-7058 © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICCHMT – 2015

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.362

666

Saritha Boddupelli and Nageshwara rao A.S. / Procedia Engineering 127 (2015) 665 – 669

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—WRWDOZLWKHQHUJ\LVVKRZQLQ)LJIRUWKHFKRVHQZRRGPDWHULDOV,WFDQEHREVHUYHG IURP)LJWKDW—WRWDORIZRRGPDWHULDOVGHFUHDVHVVKDUSO\UHPDLQVFRQVWDQWDQGWKHQLQFUHDVHVDVHQHUJ\LQFUHDVHV 7KLVLVGXHWRWKHFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQGHSHQGHQFH=GHSHQGHQFH LQZRRGPDWHULDOVIRUSDUWLFXODUHQHUJ\UHJLRQV 7KHUHLVQHJOLJLEOHYDULDWLRQLQ—WRWDOIURP.H9WR.H9HQHUJ\UDQJHDQGLWLVIRXQGWRZDUGVEHORZ.H9 DQGDERYH.H9YDULDWLRQVDUHWKRXJKWWREHGRQHGXHWRFKHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQSUHVHQWLQZRRGPDWHULDOV)LJ VKRZVWKHYDULDWLRQRI—SKRWRIRUGLIIHUHQWZRRGPDWHULDOVDQG3EFRPSRXQGV)LJLQGLFDWHVWKDW— SKRWRYDULHVZLWK FKHPLFDO FRPSRVLWLRQ DV SKRWRHOHFWULF DEVRUSWLRQ SURFHVV LV =GHSHQGHQW ,Q ORZ HQHUJ\ UHJLRQ SKRWRHOHFWULF DEVRUSWLRQLVGRPLQDQWDQGLWH[SODLQVWKHEHKDYLRURI— WRWDOLQORZHQHUJ\UHJLRQLHEHORZ.H9)LJSUHVHQWV 

YDULDWLRQRI—&RPSZLWKHQHUJ\IRUGLIIHUHQWZRRGDQG3EFRPSRXQGVDQGLQGLFDWHVWKDWWKHUHLVQHJOLJLEOH YDULDWLRQRI—&RPSDWDOOHQHUJLHV,QWKHPHGLXPHQHUJ\UHJLRQWKH&RPSWRQLQWHUDFWLRQSURFHVVLV  

667

Saritha Boddupelli and Nageshwara rao A.S. / Procedia Engineering 127 (2015) 665 – 669 7DEOH&KHPLFDOFRPSRVLWLRQRIZRRGPDWHULDOV 



 $D

 /S

 =[

 $R

 3P

 &V

 7D

 :W



(OHPHQWV SUHVHQWLQ ZRRG 

6X

&U





















&





















+





















1





















2





















6





















3





















+2





















6L





















)H





















$O





















%D





















%





















&G





















&D





















&X



















 

3E



















0J





















1L



















 

.



















1D





















=Q





















  6X6WHUFXOLDXUHQV$D$OEL]LDDPDUD/S/DJHUVWURHPLDSDUYLIORUD=[=L]\SKXV[\ORS\UXV$R$OEL]LDRGRUDWLVVLPD3W3WHURFDUSXV PDUVXSLXP&V&KORUR[\ORQVZLHWHQLD7D7HUPLQDOLDWRPHQWRVD:W:ULJKWLDWLQFWRULD&U&RFKORVSHUPXPUHOLJLRVXP

  GRPLQDQWZKLFKYDULHVOLQHDUO\ZLWK=7KLVH[SODLQVWKHEHKDYLRURIPLGGOHSRUWLRQLQ)LJLHIURP.H9WR 0H9WKHYDOXHRI—WRWDOLVFRQVWDQWIRUDOOWKHZRRGPDWHULDOVIRUDSDUWLFXODUYDOXHRIHQHUJ\6LPLODUO\)LJJLYHV WKHYDULDWLRQRI—SSZLWKHQHUJ\IRUZRRGDQGGLIIHUHQWEXLOGLQJPDWHULDOV,WLVREVHUYHGIURPWKHILJXUHWKDWWKHUHLV VLJQLILFDQWYDULDWLRQLQ—SSRIZRRGPDWHULDOVDIWHU0H9KLJKHQHUJ\UHJLRQ 7KLVLVGXHWR= GHSHQGHQFHRISDLU SURGXFWLRQ LQWHUDFWLRQ SURFHVV ZKLFK EHFRPHV LPSRUWDQW LQWHUDFWLRQ SURFHVV LQ KLJK HQHUJ\ UHJLRQ EHFDXVH LW LV PRUHGRPLQDQWLQWKLVUHJLRQWKDQLQWKHSKRWRDQG&RPSWRQSURFHVVHV:HFDQDOVRH[SODLQWKLVEHKDYLRULQ— WRWDOLQ )LJLQWKHKLJKHQHUJ\UHJLRQDERYH0H9+HQFHWKHUHLVDSSUHFLDEOHYDULDWLRQLQYDOXHRI— WRWDOLQKLJKHQHUJ\ UHJLRQ       

668

Saritha Boddupelli and Nageshwara rao A.S. / Procedia Engineering 127 (2015) 665 – 669







)LJ9DULDWLRQRIPDVVDWWHQXDWLRQFRHIILFLHQWZLWKHQHUJ\)LJ9DULDWLRQRI3KRWRHOHFWULFHIIHFWZLWKHQHUJ\



)LJ9DULDWLRQRI&RPSWRQVFDWWHULQJZLWKHQHUJ\







)LJ9DULDWLRQRI3DLUSURGXFWLRQVFDWWHULQJZLWKHQHUJ\

 &RQFOXVLRQV ,WLVFRQFOXGHGWKDWWKHUHLVDVLJQLILFDQWYDULDWLRQLQWRWDOPDVVDWWHQXDWLRQFRHIILFLHQW,WYDULHVLQORZHQHUJ\DQG KLJKHQHUJ\UHJLRQVZKHUHDVWKHUHLVQRFKDQJHLQWKHPHGLXPHQHUJ\UHJLRQIURPNH9WR0H9IRUWKHZRRG PDWHULDOVDVFRPSDUGZLWKWKHVKLHOGLQJPDWHULDOV3EFRPSRXQGV ,QWKHPHGLXPHQHUJ\UHJLRQWKHYDOXHRI— WRWDO LV WKH VDPH IRU DOO WKH ZRRG PDWHULDOV DW D JLYHQ HQHUJ\ OHYHO ,W LV EHFDXVH RI = GHSHQGHQW WRWDO DQG SDUWLDO DWWHQXDWLRQSURFHVVHV

 5HIHUHQFHV   *DOOHJR(/RUHQWH$9HJD&DUULOOR+5 7HVWLQJRIDKLJK±GHQVLW\FRQFUHWHDVQHXWURQVKLHOGLQJPDWHULDO1XFO7HFKQRO    +XEEHOO-+3KRWRQPDVVDWWHQXDWLRQFRHI¿FLHQWVDQGHQHUJ\DEVRUSWLRQFRHI¿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

Saritha Boddupelli and Nageshwara rao A.S. / Procedia Engineering 127 (2015) 665 – 669  %XUPHVWHU$*DPPDUDGLDWLRQHIIHFWVRQFKHPLFDOPRUSKRORJLFDOSK\VLFDODQGPHFKDQLFDOSURSHUWLHVRISLQHDQGEHHFKZRRGV  0DWHULDOSUIXQJ  $QWRLQH5&$YHOOD79DQ(\VHUHQ-&6WXGLHVRIZRRGWUHDWHGE\KLJKGRVHVRIȖUDGLDWLRQ ,$:$%XOO  $QWRLQH  5&  9DQ (\VHUHQ  -& ,QWpUrW GHV UD\RQV    Ȗ GDQV OH SUȚWUDLWPHQW GHV ERLV HQ YXH GH OHXU DQDO\VH DX PLFURVFRSH j EDOD\DJH >0LFURVFRSLFVWXGLHVRIZRRGDIWHU*DPPDUDGLDWLRQ@ &5$FDG6F6pU%  %KXL\DQ075+LUDL16REXH1(IIHFWRILQWHUPLWWHQWKHDWWUHDWPHQWRQFU\VWDOOLQLW\LQZRRGFHOOXORVH -:RRG6FL  +HQU\N .DVSU]\N NLQJD :LFKODF]6ODZRPLU %RU\VLDN   7KH HIIHFW RI *DPPD UDGLDWLRQ RQWKH VXSUDPROHFXODU VWUXFWXUH RI SLQH ZRRG FHOOXORVHLQVLWXUHYHDOHGE\[UD\GLIIUDFWLRQ (OHFWURQLF-3ROLVK$JULFXOWXUDO8QL  )HUUD](6%$JXODU2*DPPDUD\DWWHQXDWLRQWHFKQLTXHIRUGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIGHQVLW\DQGZDWHUFRQWHQWRIZRRGVDPSOHV ,3()   /RRV:(*DPPDUD\DEVRUSWLRQDQGZRRGPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWDQGGHQVLW\ )RUHVW3URGXFWV-RXUQDO0DGLVRQ  3DUULVK:%'HWHFWLQJGHIHFWVLQZRRGE\WKHDWWHQXDWLRQRI*DPPDUD\V )RUHVW6FLHQFH:DVKLQJWRQ'&  /RRV:('HWHUPLQLQJPRLVWXUHFRQWHQWDQGGHQVLW\RIZRRGE\QXFOHDUUDGLDWLRQWHFKQLTXHV )RUHVW3URGXFWV-RXUQDO0DGLVRQ   :RRGV):*DPPDUD\DWWHQXDWLRQE\OREOROO\SLQHZRRG$QLQYHVWLJDWLRQRILQWHJUDOFRXQWLQJ )RUHVW6FLHQFH  3KLOOLSV(:-0HWKRGVDQGHTXLSPHQWIRUWKHVSHFLILFJUDYLW\RIZRRG ,8)586HFWLRQ0HOERXUQH$XVWUDOLD  )HUUD](6%'HWHUPLQDomRGDGHQVLGDGHGHPDGHLUDVSRUDWHQXDomRGDUDGLDomRJDPDGHEDL[DHQHUJLD ,3()3LUDFLFDED  6KDNKUHHW%=%DXN67DMXGGLQ$6KXNUL$0DVVDWWHQXDWLRQFRHIILFLHQWVRIQDWXUDO5KL]RSKRUDVSSZRRGIRU;UD\VLQWKH± NH9UDQJH 5DGLDW3URW'RVLPHWU\  +XEEHOO-+%HUJHU0-3KRWRQFURVVVHFWLRQVRQDSHUVRQDOFRPSXWHU,QWHUQDO5HSRUW 1%6,5 

     



669