Acari, Oribatida - BioOne

Systematic & Applied Acarology 20(8): 907–918 (2015) http://dx.doi.org/10.11158/saa.20.8.6 Article

ISSN 1362-1971 (print) ISSN 2056-6069 (online)

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:CFB101C1-0255-4F43-B04C-0790F59A0020

Two new species of alpine Ceratozetoidea (Acari, Oribatida) from New Zealand SERGEY G. ERMILOV1* & MARIA A. MINOR2 1

Tyumen State University, Tyumen, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Institute of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author 2

Abstract Two new species of ceratozetoid oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida, Ceratozetoidea) are described from alpine soils of the South Island of New Zealand. Magellozetes crassisetosus sp. nov. (Ceratozetidae) differs from known representatives of the genus (M. antarcticus antarcticus (Michael, 1895), M. antarcticus traegardhi Subías 2010 and M. processus Hammer, 1962) by shorter interlamellar setae and minute tutorial cusps. Pedunculozetes ovatum sp. nov. (Chamobatidae) differs from known representatives of the genus (P. andinus Hammer, 1962 and P. minutus Hammer, 1967) by minute interlamellar setae and short bothridial stalks. Updated generic diagnoses for Magellozetes and Pedunculozetes are provided. Key words: oribatid mites, new species, Magellozetes, Pedunculozetes, generic diagnosis, alpine fauna, New Zealand

Introduction This work is a part of our research of oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from the high alpine zone of several mountain ranges in Central Otago, South Island of New Zealand (Ermilov & Minor 2015a, b). During these investigations we have discovered two undescribed species of Ceratozetoidea. The main goal of this paper is to describe and illustrate these new species, one belonging to the genus Magellozetes Hammer, 1962 (Ceratozetidae), and the other to Pedunculozetes Hammer, 1962 (Chamobatidae). At present, only a few species of Ceratozetoidea have been recorded in New Zealand (e.g. Hammer 1967; Spain 1968; Sirvid et al. 2011; Ermilov & Minor 2015a). The genus Magellozetes was proposed by Hammer (1962) with Magellozetes processus Hammer, 1962 as type species. The new generic diagnosis for this genus is following (some generic characters are listed in Hammer 1962 and Balogh & Balogh 1992): rostrum with medial rectangular ledge and one lateral deep concavity and triangular tooth on each side; rostral setae inserted dorsolaterally on prodorsum; lamellar and interlamellar setae strong, straight; bothridial setae short, fusiform or globular; lamellae of medium size, strong; lamellar cusps well developed, elongated, but clearly not reaching the insertions of rostral setae (in lateral view); translamella very thin or absent; tutoria narrow, lamelliform, with short or long pointed tip; genal teeth long, reaching the insertions of rostral setae; dorsophragmata small, located close to each other; notogaster with four pairs of round porose areas; ten pairs of short and thin notogastral setae; six pairs of genital, one pair of aggenital, two pairs of anal, and three pairs of adanal setae; legs tridactylous. Currently, Magellozetes comprises two species and one subspecies, which are distributed in the Antarctic and © Systematic & Applied Acarology Society

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southern Neotropical region (see summarized data in Subías 2004, updated 2015) (see “Remarks” section below for futher discussion). The genus Pedunculozetes was proposed by Hammer (1962) with Pedunculozetes andinus Hammer, 1962 as type species. The new generic diagnosis for this genus is following (some generic characters are listed in Hammer 1962 and Balogh & Balogh 1992): body globular; rostrum rounded; rostral setae inserted laterally on prodorsum; bothridial setae clavate; lamellae of medium size, strong, with minute anterior tooth or without it; translamella absent; tutoria with dilated, dentate distal part; genal teeth long, reaching the insertions of rostral setae; dorsophragmata large, separated; notogaster with four pairs of round porose areas without distinct borders; ten pairs of well visible, simple notogastral setae; six pairs of genital, one pair of aggenital, two pairs of anal, and three pairs of adanal setae short, thin; legs monodactylous. Currently, Pedunculozetes comprises two species, which are distributed in the southern Neotropical region and in New Zealand (see summarized data in Subías 2004, updated 2015).

Materials and methods The collection locality and habitat for each new species are given in the respective "Material examined" sections. Specimens of Magellozetes antarcticus antarcticus (Michael, 1895) (from the personal collection of Dr. Josef Starý; locality: South Georgia Island, Stromness Bay, Husvik, Tonsberg, north facing, 50 m a.s.l., sample of White-chinned Petrel Peocellaria aequinoctialis burrows amongst tussock, 17 March 1996, collected by R.J. Arnold) were used for morphological comparison. Specimens were mounted in lactic acid on temporary cavity slides for measurement and illustration. The body length was measured in lateral view, from the tip of the rostrum to the posterior edge of the ventral plate. Notogastral width refers to the maximum width in dorsal aspect. Lengths of body setae were measured in lateral aspect. All body measurements are presented in micrometers. Formulas for leg setation are given in parentheses according to the sequence trochanter–femur– genu–tibia–tarsus (famulus included). Formulas for leg solenidia are given in square brackets according to the sequence genu–tibia–tarsus. General terminology used in this paper follows that of Grandjean (summarized by Norton & Behan-Pelletier 2009). Drawings were made with a drawing tube using a Carl Zeiss transmission light microscope “Axioskop-2 Plus”.

Descriptions Magellozetes crassisetosus sp. nov. (Figs 1–13) Diagnosis Body size: 481–531 × 249–282. Medial ledge of rostrum tuberculate. Lamellar cusps truncated or with one distinct lateral tooth. Translamella usually present, rarely absent. Rostral setae thickened, ciliated. Lamellar setae distinctly longer than interlamellar setae, both pairs setiform, straight, barbed. Bothridial setae clavate, barbed. Tutoria rather short, with one small triangular tip. Four pairs of round porose areas. Notogastral setae thin, smooth. Epimeral and anogenital setae barbed. Adanal lyrifissures in inverse apoanal position. Leg femora I, II with ventral carina; leg genua I and II with thickened setae l’’ and antero-ventral tooth.

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Description Measurements. Body length: 514 (holotype: female), 481–531 (eight paratypes: three females and five males); notogastral width: 282 (holotype), 249–282 (eight paratypes). No differences in size between females and males. Integument. Сolor brown. Body and leg surface punctate. Pedotecta I and tutoria with several striae. Prodorsum (Figs 1, 3). Medial ledge of rostrum with three to four small tubercles, lateral tooth on each side strong, triangular, blunt. Lamellae (not including cusps) are one third the length of prodorsum. Lamellar cusps are half as long as lamellae, truncated or with one distinct lateral tooth. Translamella usually present (absent in one paratype), very thin, straight. Rostral setae (ro, 49–61) thickened, slightly curved antero-medially, densely ciliated. Lamellar setae (le, 77–94) setiform, straight, barbed, directed anteriorly. Interlamellar setae (in, 49–61) setiform, thinner than lamellar setae, barbed, directed upwards. Bothridial setae (bs, 32–36) clavate, with short smooth stalk and elongated, rounded distally, barbed head slightly longer than the stalk. Bothridia separated from lamellae by narrow incision antero-medially, all bothridial scales (dorsomedial, ventromedial and ventrolateral) well developed, rounded. Exobothridial setae (ex, 20–24) thin, indistinctly barbed. Tutoria (tu) as long as lamellae with their cusps, clearly not reaching the insertions of rostral setae, with one small triangular tip. Notogaster (Figs 2–4). Anterior margin strongly convex medially, reaches the insertions of interlamellar setae. Dorsosejugal porose areas poorly visible, elongate oval. Lenticulus not visible. Pteromorphs broadly rounded laterally. Dorsophragmata (D) connected medially. Pleurophragmata (P) of medium size, slightly visible. Four pairs of rounded, with distinct borders, porose areas: Aa (12–16), A1–A3 (8–12). Notogastral setae (16–20) setiform, thin, smooth. Lyrifissures im, ip, ih and ips distinct, ia hardly visible. Opisthonotal gland openings (gla) located postero-laterally to A1. Gnathosoma (Figs 2, 5–7). Subcapitulum longer than wide (131–143 × 98–106). Subcapitular setae setiform; h and m (both pairs 28–32) barbed, longer than slightly barbed a (24–28). Adoral setae (or1, or2, 14–16) straight, densely barbed. Palps (90–98) with straight solenidion and eupathidium on tarsi. Axillary saccules (sac, length 12) slightly elongated. Chelicerae (143–155) with two setiform, barbed setae; cha (45) longer and often thinner than chb (28–32). Trägårdh’s organ (Tg) long, tapered. Lateral podosomal regions and epimeral regions (Figs 2–3). Genal teeth (gt) elongated, narrowly triangular, reach the insertions of rostral setae. Humeral porose areas Am and Ah large, oval (20–24 × 12–16). Custodia (cus) with long, pointed tip, reaching the level of anterior margin of pedotecta II. Discidia (dis) triangular. Circumpedal carinae (cp) distinct. Epimeral setal formula: 3– 1–3–3. Epimeral setae setiform, barbed; 1b, 1c, 3b (32) longer than 3c, 4a, 4b, 4c (20–24) and 1a, 2a, 3a (16–20). Anogenital region (Figs 2, 4, 8–9). Genital (g1–g6), aggenital (ag), anal (an1, an2) and adanal (ad1–ad3) setae all similar in length (12–18), setiform, barbed. Adanal lyrifissures (iad) located close to anal aperture, in inverse apoanal position. Ovipositor elongated (179 × 41), lobes (73) shorter than length of distal section (beyond middle fold; 106). Each of three lobes with four straight, smooth setae, ψ1 ≈ τ1 (32–36) longer than ψ2 ≈ τa ≈ τb ≈ τc (14–16). Six coronal simple setae (k, 8–10) present. Legs (Figs 10–13). Medial claw thicker than two laterals; all smooth. Leg femora with ventral carina. Genua I and II with antero-ventral tooth (t). Regions of porose areas on femora and trochanters III, IV well developed. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–5–3–4–20) [1–2–2], II (1–5–3–4–15) [1–1–2], III (2–3–1–3–15) [1–1–0], IV (1–2–2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia as indicated in Table 1. Famulus (ɛ) short, straight, blunt. Setae l’’ on genua I, II thickened. 2015

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FIGURES 1–4. Magellozetes crassisetosus sp. nov., adult: 1 — dorsal view; 2 — ventral view (legs not illustrated) 3 — lateral view of anterior part of body (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated); 4 — posterior view. Scale bar 100 μm. Material examined Holotype (female): New Zealand, South Island, Central Otago, Pisa Range, 44°52'3''S, 169°9'3''E, 1700 m a.s.l., in the soil and debris under Raoulia sp. cushion, 18 February 2014, 910


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collected by M. Minor. Five paratypes (one female and four males): New Zealand, South Island, Central Otago, Pisa Range, 44°52'3''S, 169°9'3''E, 1700 m a.s.l., in the soil outside of Dracophyllum muscoides cushion, 18 February 2014, collected by M. Minor. Three paratypes (two females and one male): New Zealand, South Island, Central Otago, The Remarkables, 45°3'38''S, 168°48'50''E, 1839 m a.s.l., in the soil outside of Raoulia sp. cushion, 19 February 2014, collected by M. Minor.

FIGURES 5–9. Magellozetes crassisetosus sp. nov., adult: 5 — subcapitulum, right half, ventral view; 6 — palptarsus, right, antiaxial view; 7 — chelicera, medio-anterior part, right, paraxial view; 8 — lobes of ovipositor; 9 — coronal setae of ovipositor. Scale bar 50 μm.

Type deposition The holotype and three paratypes are deposited in the New Zealand National Arthropod Collection, Auckland, New Zealand; three paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum, Görlitz, Germany; two paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. Etymology The specific name “crassisetosus” refers to the thickened rostral setae.

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TABLE 1. Leg setation and solenidia of adult Magellozetes crassisetosus sp. nov. Leg

Trochanter

Femur

Genu

Tibia

Tarsus

I

v'

d, (l), bv'', v''

(l), v', σ

(l), (v), φ1, φ2

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), v', (pl), l'', ɛ, ω1, ω2

II

v'

d, (l), bv'', v''

(l), v', σ

(l), (v), φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω1, ω2

III

l', v'

d, l', ev'

l', σ

l', (v), φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

IV

v'

d, ev'

d, l'

l', (v), φ

ft'', (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

Roman letters refer to normal setae, Greek letters to solenidia (except ɛ = famulus). Single prime (') marks setae on anterior and double prime (") setae on posterior side of the given leg segment. Parentheses refer to a pair of setae.

FIGURES 10–13. Magellozetes crassisetosus sp. nov., adult: 10 — leg I, right, paraxial view; 11 — genu and femur of leg II, right, paraxial view; 12 — genu and femur of leg III, left, antiaxial view; 13 — leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 50 μm.

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Comparison Magellozetes crassisetosus sp. nov. differs from known species and subspecies of the genus: M. antarcticus antarcticus (Michael, 1895) (see Michael 1895; Wallwork 1965; also, specimens of M. antarcticus antarcticus from the personal collection of Dr. Josef Starý were examined — see “Material and methods” section), M. antarcticus traegardhi Subías 2010 (see Trägårdh 1907 as for Oribata antarcticus major) and M. processus Hammer, 1962 (see Hammer 1962), by the interlamellar setae of medium size, clearly not reaching the insertions of lamellar setae (vs. long interlamellar setae, reaching the insertions of lamellar setae) and by minute tutorial cusps (vs. cusps well developed). Remarks Morphological traits of Magellozetes are most similar to those of Ceratozetes Berlese, 1908, Edwardzetes Berlese, 1914, Gamerozetes J. & P. Balogh, 1990, Porozetes Hammer, 1962, Scotiazetes Wallwork, 1966 and Sphaerozetes Berlese, 1885, but discriminating differences are present in the length of lamellar cusps, morphology of rostrum and translamella, location of rostral and bothridial setae and dorsophragmata; therefore, we temporarily support the generic status of Magellozetes, however, further detailed investigations are needed. At present, Subías (2004, updated 2015) included Magellozetes as subgenus in the genus Ceratozetes Berlese, 1908. Three other species were described as members of Magellozetes: M. brevitutorium Covarrubias, 1967 (Subías (2004, updated 2015) included it in the subgenus Edwardzetes (Gamerozetes) J. & P. Balogh, 1990), M. clathratus Hammer, 1967 (Subías (2004, updated 2015) included it in the subgenus Sphaerozetes (Sphaerozetes) Berlese, 1885) and M. mahnerti Mahunka, 1984 (at present, it is a junior synonym of Ceratozetes platyrhinoides Hammer, 1961). However, the morphological traits of these species do not correspond absolutely to the generic diagnosis of Magellozetes. For example, M. brevitutorium have very short lamellar cusps and five pairs of genital setae; M. clathratus have lamellae cusps fused medially; Ceratozetes platyrhinoides (=M. mahnerti) are without medial rectangular ledge on rostrum, have long lamellar cusps, reaching the insertions of rostral setae, and separated dorsophragmata. Therefore, we do not consider these three species as members of Magellozetes.

Pedunculozetes ovatum sp. nov. (Figs 14–25) Diagnosis Body size: 464–481 × 265–298. Rostral setae of medium size, unilaterally ciliated. Lamellar setae straight, barbed. Interlamellar setae minute. Bothridial setae (20–24) clavate, with short stalk and slightly elongated, barbed head. Tutoria with two to three distal teeth. Four pairs of porose areas oval or rounded, without distinct borders. Notogastral setae short, thin, smooth. Epimeral and anogenital setae short, thin, smooth. Leg setae l’ on tibiae III absent. Description Measurements. Body length: 464 (holotype: female), 464–481 (five paratypes: three females and two males); notogastral width: 282 (holotype), 265–298 (five paratypes). No differences in size between females and males. Integument. Сolor brown. Body and leg surface punctate. Antiaxial parts of leg trochanters tuberculate. Pedotecta I and tutoria with several striae.

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FIGURS 14–17. Pedunculozetes ovatum sp. nov., adult: 14 — dorsal view; 15 — ventral view (legs not illustrated); 16 — lateral view of anterior part of body (gnathosoma and legs not illustrated); 17 — posterior view. Scale bar 100 μm.

Prodorsum (Figs 14, 16). Rostrum with very broad, round ledge. Lamellae half as long as prodorsum, with anterior, very weakly developed triangular tooth. Rostral setae (24–32) setiform, thickened basally, slightly curved antero-medially, unilaterally ciliated. Lamellar setae (41–45) setiform, straight, barbed, directed anteriorly, often broken (only alveoli visible). Interlamellar setae minute (6–8) thin, smooth. Bothridial setae (20–24) clavate, with short smooth stalk and slightly 914


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elongated, rounded distally, barbed head; the head is slightly longer than the stalk. Bothridia separated from lamellae by narrow incision antero-medially, all bothridial scales well developed, rounded. Exobothridial setae and their alveoli absent. Tutoria longer than lamellae, almost reaching the insertions of rostral setae, dilated distally, with two to three pointed teeth. Notogaster (Figs 14, 16–17). Anterior margin strongly convex medially, reaches the insertions of interlamellar setae. Dorsosejugal porose areas poorly visible, elongate oval. Lenticulus not visible. Pteromorphs broadly rounded laterally. Dorsophragmata separated medially. Pleurophragmata large, well visible. Four pairs of porose areas oval to rounded (16–24). Notogastral setae short (8–10), setiform, thin, smooth. Lyrifissures im, ip, ih and ips distinct, ia hardly visible. Opisthonotal gland openings located antero-laterally to A2. Gnathosoma (Figs 15, 19–20). Subcapitulum longer than wide (98–102 × 77–86). Subcapitular setae setiform, indistinctly barbed; h and a (both pairs 16–18) shorter than m (20–24); a thickest. Adoral setae (10–12) straight, densely barbed. Palps (73) with straight solenidion and eupathidium on tarsi. Axillary saccules (8) slightly elongated. Chelicerae (114) with two setiform, barbed setae; cha (28–32) longer than chb (20–24). Trägårdh’s organ long, tapered.

FIGURES 18–20. Pedunculozetes ovatum sp. nov., adult: 18 — subcapitulum, right half, ventral view; 19 — palptarsus, right, antiaxial view; 20 — chelicera, right, antiaxial view. Scale bar 50 μm.

Lateral podosomal regions and epimeral regions (Figs 15–16). Genal teeth elongated, narrowly triangular. Humeral porose areas Am not found, Ah in form sacculi. Custodia with short, pointed tip, not reaching the level of anterior margin of pedotecta II. Discidia triangular. Circumpedal carinae distinct. Apodemes III directed to sejugal apodemes, almost reach the latter. Epimeral setal formula: 3–1–3–3. Epimeral setae thin, smooth; 3c (16) and 1c (12) longer than the other epimeral setae (6). Anogenital region (Figs 15, 17). Genital, aggenital, anal and adanal setae similar in length (6; except g1, 10–12), thin, smooth. Adanal lyrifissures located close to anal aperture, in paraanal position. Legs (Figs 21–25). Single claw of each leg strong, smooth. Leg femora with ventral carina. Regions of porose areas on femora and trochanters III, IV well developed. Formulas of leg setation and solenidia: I (1–5–3–4–19) [1–2–2], II (1–5–3–4–15) [1–1–2], III (2–2–1–2–15) [1–1–0], IV (1– 2–2–3–12) [0–1–0]; homology of setae and solenidia as indicated in Table 2. Famulus short, straight, blunt. Setae s on tarsi II thick, with spines unilaterally. Setae l’ on tibiae III absent. 2015


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TABLE 2. Leg setation and solenidia of adult Pedunculozetes ovatum sp. nov. Leg

Trochanter

Femur

Genu

Tibia

Tarsus

I

v'

d, (l), bv'', v''

(l), v', σ

(l), (v), φ1, φ2

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), v', (pl), ɛ, ω1, ω2

II

v'

d, (l), bv'', v''

(l), v', σ

(l), (v), φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv), ω1, ω2

III

l', v'

d, ev'

l', σ

(v), φ

(ft), (tc), (it), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

IV

v'

d, ev'

d, l'

l', (v), φ

ft'', (tc), (p), (u), (a), s, (pv)

See Table 1 for explanations.

FIGURES 21–25. Pedunculozetes ovatum sp. nov., adult: 21 — tibia and tarsus of leg I, left, antiaxial view; 22 — femur of leg I, left, antiaxial view; 23 — leg II, left, antiaxial view; 24 — genu, femur and trochanter of leg III, right, antiaxial view; 25 — genu, femur and trochanter of leg IV, left, antiaxial view. Scale bars 50 μm.

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Material examined Holotype (female) and three paratypes (two females and one male): New Zealand, South Island, Central Otago, Pisa Range, 44°52'3''S, 169°9'3''E, 1700 m a.s.l., in the soil outside of Dracophyllum muscoides cushion, 18 February 2014, collected by M. Minor. Two paratypes (one female and one male): New Zealand, South Island, Central Otago, Pisa Range, 44°52'3''S, 169°9'3''E, 1700 m a.s.l., in the soil and debris under Raoulia sp. cushion, 18 February 2014, collected by M. Minor. Type deposition The holotype and two paratypes are deposited in the New Zealand National Arthropod Collection, Auckland, New Zealand; two paratypes are deposited in the collection of the Senckenberg Museum, Görlitz, Germany; one paratype is deposited in the collection of the Tyumen State University Museum of Zoology, Tyumen, Russia. Etymology The specific name “ovatum” refers to the body shape (egg-like). Comparison Pedunculozetes ovatum sp. nov. differs from known species of the genus, P. andinus Hammer, 1962 (see Hammer 1962) and P. minutus Hammer, 1967 (see Hammer 1967), by minute interlamellar setae, which are clearly shorter than lamellar setae (vs. long interlamellar setae, not shorter than lamellar setae) and by short bothridial stalks, not longer than heads (vs. long bothridial stalks, considerably longer than heads).

Acknowledgements We cordially thank Dr. Elizabeth A. Hugo-Coetzee (National Museum, Bloemfontein, South Africa) and two anonymous reviewers for the valuable comments, Dr. Umukusum Shtanchaeva and Prof. Dr. Luis S. Subías (Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain) for consultations, Dr. Josef Starý (Institute of Soil Biology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic) for loaning us Magellozetes antarcticus antarcticus, Dr. Alastair Robertson (Institute of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, NZ) for help with fieldwork, the staff of the Snow Farm (Cardrona, NZ) for facilitating access to Pisa Range sites, and the New Zealand Department of Conservation for sampling permit (national authorization # 38116-GEO). The project was supported by the Massey University Research Fund.

References Balogh, J. & Balogh, P. (1990) Oribatid mites of the Neotropical region. II. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó Press, 333 p. Balogh, J. & Balogh, P. (1992) The oribatid mites genera of the World. Vol. 1. Budapest: Hungarian National Museum Press, 263 p. Berlese A (1885) Acari, Myriapoda et Scorpiones hucusque in Italia. Portici, Padova, V. 17–23. Berlese, A. (1908) Elenco di generi e specie nuovi di Acari. Redia, 5, 1–15. Berlese, A. (1914) Acari nuovi. Manipulus IX. Redia, 10, 113–150. Covarrubias, R. (1967) New oribatids (Acarina) from Chile. Opuscula Zoologica Budapest, 7, 89–116. Ermilov, S.G. & Minor, M.A. (2015a) The oribatid mite genus Macrogena (Acari, Oribatida, Ceratozetidae), with description of two new species from New Zealand. ZooKeys, 506, 13–26. 2015


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