Systematic & Applied Acarology (2011) 16, 181–186.
ISSN 1362-1971
Description of a new species of the genus Stigmaeus Koch (Acari: Prostigmata: Stigmaeidae) from East Azerbaijan Province, Iran MOHAMMAD BAGHERI1, REZA NAVAEI BONAB1,4, EDWARD A. UECKERMANN2, HAMED GHORBANI1,5 , ALI MEHRVAR1 & MOOSA SABER1 1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran. (e-mail: mbagheri20022002@ yahoo.com); 2. ARC-PPRI, Private Bagx134, Queenswood, Pretoria 0121, South Africa (e-mail:
[email protected]); 3. School of Environmental Sciences and Development, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus 2520, South Africa; 4. Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Marand Branch, Marand, Iran; 5. Young Researchers Club, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh Branch, Maragheh, Iran
Abstract A new species of Stigmaeus Koch (Acari: Stigmaeidae), Stigmaeus marandiensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated from soil in apple orchards at Marand, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. A key to all known species from Iran of the genus Stigmaeus is also provided. Key words: Acari, Stigmaeus, new species, Stigmaeidae, Iran
Introduction Stigmaeidae are small, red, yellow or orange mites that occur in many habitats and form an important component of the acarofauna of soil, litter and plants. It is a large cosmopolitan group that consists of predators feeding on a variety of arthropods, ectoparasites of dipterans and pollen feeders (Summers 1966; Ueckermann & Meyer 1987; Walter et al. 2009). The genus Stigmaeus Koch is one of the most important genera of this family and is known from just eight species in Iran, namely: S. unicus Kuznetzov, 1977; S. alvandis Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2002; S. elongatus Berlese, 1886; S. candidus Fan & Li, 1993; S. malekii Haddad et al., 2006; S. pilatus Kuznetzov, 1978; S. shabestariensis Haddad, Lotfollahi & Akbari, 2010 and S. shendabadiensis Haddad, Akbari & Lotfolahi 2010 (Khanjani & Ueckermann 2002; Faraji & Ueckermann 2006; Haddad Irani- Nejad et al. 2006, 2010 a & b; Rostami 2010). In this paper we describe another species of this genus, S. marandiensis sp. nov.
Materials and Methods Mites were extracted from soil using a Berlese funnel. Specimens were cleared in Nesbitt’s fluid and mounted in Hoyer’s medium. The length of the idiosoma was measured from the base of chelicerae to the posterior margin of the suranal shield, the width at the broadest part and setae were measured from their insertion to tips; distances between setae were measured between their insertions. The terminology and abbreviations are based on Grandjean (1944) and Kethley (1990). All measurements are given in micrometers (μm).
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Stigmaeidae Oudemans, 1931 Type genus: Stigmaeus Koch, 1836 Stigmaeus Koch, 1836 Type species: Stigmaeus cruentus Koch, 1836 Stigmaeus marandiensis Bagheri & Ueckermann sp. nov. (Figs. 1–8) Female (n=2) – Holotype (measurements of paratype in parenthesis): Idiosoma oval, length (excluding gnathosoma) 276 (270), width 127 (132); length of gnathosoma 79 (80); length of leg I 140 (150); leg II 107 (110); leg III 104 (107); leg IV 134 (140).
FIGURES 1–2. Stigmaeus marandiensis sp. nov. (Female) – (1) Dorsal view of idiosoma. (2) Detail, dorsal seta.
Dorsum (Fig. 1): Propodosomal shield smooth, with three pairs of setae (vi, ve and sci); setae ve longest; setae sce on small shields; no eyes and postocular bodies evident; central hysterosomal 182
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shield elongate, smooth, tapering posteriorly and bearing two pairs of setae (c1 and d1); lateral shields elongate and with a pair of setae (d2); setae c2 on a pair of ventrolateral shields and rather longer than other opisthosomal setae; setae e1 on medially divided zonal shields and e2 on small lateral zonals; intercalary shield divided and bearing setae f1; suranal shield smooth, divided and bearing three pairs of setae (h1, h2 and h3), h1 longer than others; all dorsal setae slightly serrated (Fig. 2); length of setae vi 19 (20); ve 45 (50); sci 25 (24); sce 46 (50); c1 20 (19); c2 65 (60); d1 18 (20); d2 23 (25); e1 19 (212); e2 22 (20); f1 28 (30); h1 28 (30); h2 24 (25); h3 16 (17); distances between dorsal setae: vi–vi 24 (27); ve–ve 28 (30); vi–ve 20 (22); ve–sci 34 (38); vi–sce 36 (37); sci– sci 44 (45); sci–sce 22 (24); sce–sce 88 (94); c1–c1 28 (31); c1–c2 44 (47); c2–c2 127 (132); c1–d1 44 (45); c1–d2 37 (40); c2–d2 30 (32); d1–d1 25 (26); d1–d2 36 (37); d2–d2 86 (90); d1–e1 45 (47); d1–e2 47 (48); d2–e2 53 (55); e1–e1 30 (31); e1–e2 33 (34); e1–f1 22 (22); f1–f1 44 (45); f1–h1 34 (35); f1–h2 32 (33); f1–h3 30 (30); h1–h1 24 (25); h1–h2 14 (15); h2–h2 57 (60); h2–h3 7 (8); h3– h3 64 (68); ratios: vi/ vi–vi 0.8; c1/ c1–c1 0.71; d1/ d1–d1 0.72; e1/ e1–e1 0.63; f1/ f1–f1 0.64; h1/ h1–h1 1.17; c1–c1: d1–d1: e1–e1: f1–f1= 1.12: 1.00: 1.20:1.76.
FIGURE 3. Stigmaeus marandiensis sp. nov. (Female) – Ventral view of idiosoma. 2011
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Venter (Fig. 3). Coxisternal I–II and III–IV present, smooth and divided; length of setae 1a 15 (17), 3a 15 (17) and 4a 16 (17); aggenital area with four pairs of setae (ag1–ag4) on single shield on each side of anogenital area; anogenital area with anal and genital shields fused, bearing two pairs of genital (g1–g2) and three pairs of pseudanal (ps1–ps3) setae; measurements of setae: ag1 11 (12); ag2 10 (10); ag3 8 (9); ag4 11 (12); g1 12 (12); g2 12 (13); ps1 23 (22); ps2 22 (24); ps3 17 (17). Gnathosoma. Subcapitulum smooth with two pairs of subcapitular setae (m and n), m 15 (17), n 25 (24) and two pairs of adoral setae (or1 and or2), or1 9 (8), or2 7 (7); palpi (Fig. 4) five segmented; palptarsus with four tactile setae, one solenidion (ω), one simple eupathidium and one trifid eupathidium; palptibia with two setae + one seta-like accessory claw + one well-developed claw; palpgenu with one seta; palpfemora with three setae; palptrochanter without setae.
FIGURE 4. Stigmaeus marandiensis sp. nov. (Female) – Palp.
Legs (Figs. 5–8). Counts of setae (solenidia and setae κ included) on legs I–IV: coxae 2-2-2-2; trochanters 1-1-2-1; femora 4-4-3-2; genua 6(κ)-4-1-2; tibiae 7(2)-6(1)-6(1)-6(1); tarsi14(1)-9(1)8(1)-8(1); lengths of solenidia: ωI 10 (11), ωII 9 (10); ωIII 5 (5); ωIV 4 (4); φI 9 (10); φp 9 (9); φpII 8 (8); φpIII 7 (7); φpIV 7 (7). Male and immature stages: Unknown. Etymology: This species is named after the town, Marand, where it was collected. Type material: Holotype and one paratype female were collected from soil in apple orchards, 10 August 2009, Marand, East Azerbaijan province, Iran, by Reza Navaei Bonab. The holotype female is deposited in the Arachnida Collection of Plant Protection Research Institute, Pretoria, South Africa and paratype female is deposited in the Acarological Collection, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Iran. Remarks: Stigmaeus marandiensis sp. nov. is very close to S. planus Kuznetzov,1978 in the shape of dorsal shields but can be separated by: (1) prodorsal shield completely smooth vs. reticulated in S. planus; (2) e2 on distinct small platelets vs. on integument in S. planus; (3) ag1–ag4 on one single shield vs. ag1–ag2 on one plate and ag3–ag4 on another in S. planus; (4) genua I–IV with 6-4-1-2 setae vs. 6-3-0-1 in the S. planus.
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FIGURES 5–8. Stigmaeus marandiensis sp. nov. (Female) – 5. Leg I, 6. Leg II, 7. Leg III, 8. Leg IV.
Key to the Iranian species of Stigmaeus Koch (Female) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Opisthosoma without a distinct central shield. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Opisthosoma with a distinct central shield . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Suranal shield divided, genu I with 5 setae . . . S. shendabadiensis Haddad, Lotfollahi & Akbari Suranal shield entire, genu I with 6 setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Tarsi I–IV with 14(1)-10(1)-8(1)-8(1); genua I-IV 6-5-3-3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. elongatus Berlese Tarsi I-IV with 13(1)-7(1)-7(1)-7(1); genua I-IV 6-2-0-1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. candidus Fan & Li Femora I with 4 setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Femora I with 6 setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Genua I-IV with 6-4-1-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. marandiensis sp. nov. Genua I-IV with 6-5-2-2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Suranal shield entire; trochanter III with 2 setae. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. shabestariensis Haddad, Lotfollahi & Akbari - Suranal shield divided; trochanter III with 1 setae . . . . . .S. alvandis Khanjani and Ueckermann 7 Central hysterosomal shield with 3 pairs of setae; eyes absent; genu I with 3 setae . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. malekii Haddad, Bagheri & Khanjani - Central hysterosomal shield with 2 pairs of setae; eyes present; genu I with 4 setae . . . . . . . . . .8 8. Trochanters I-IV with 1-1-2-0; genua I-IV with 4-3-0-0 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. unicus Kuznetzov - Trochanters I-IV with 1-1-2-1; genua I-IV with 4-4-1-1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .S. pilatus Kuznetzov
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Acknowledgments We greatly appreciated the support of the research division of University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
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Accepted by Owen Seeman: 1 Apr. 2011; published 15 Jun.2011
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