substituted heterocyclic drug (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) in 1, 4-dioxane-water at 303.3K. The measurements have been performed to evaluate acoustical ...
Research Article Available online at www.ijpras.com
ISSN 2277-3657
Volume 4, Issue 1 (2015):45-50
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research & Allied Sciences
Acoustic and volumetric properties of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in dioxane-water mixture at 303.3 K 1
1,2
Prakash Chandra Pal and 2Smruti Prava Das Department of Chemistry Ravenshaw University, Cuttack Odisha, India Subject: Medicinal Chemistry
Abstract The acoustical properties have been investigated from the ultrasonic velocity and density measurements of substituted heterocyclic drug (ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) in 1, 4-dioxane-water at 303.3K. The measurements have been performed to evaluate acoustical parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (βs), Partial molar volume (φv), intermolecular free length (Lf), apparent molar compressibility (φK), specific acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA), and solvation number (Sn).
Key word: Ultrasonic velocity, ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, apparent molar volume Introduction In the recent years, measurements of the Ultrasonic velocity are helpful to interpret solute-solvent and ion-solvent interaction in aqueous and non aqueous medium [1-2]. Ultrasonic is a versatile nondestructive technique and highly useful for the investigation of various physical properties [5-7]. Recent developments have found use of ultrasonic energy in medicine, engineering and agriculture. Drug-macromolecular interactions are an important phenomenon in physiological media, such as blood, membranes, intra- and extracellular fluids. Physicochemical investigations play an important role in understanding the nature and the extent of the patterns of molecular aggregation that exist in binary liquid mixtures and their sensitivities to variations in composition and the molecular structure of the pure components. The drug–solvent molecular interaction play an important role in the understanding of drug action [7]. Viscometric properties provide valuable clues for solute–solvent interactions in the solution phase [8]. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (Sip-roh-floxass-in hi-droh-clor-ride) is a medicine which is used in bacterial infections. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is effective against a wide range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, and is most well known for its effectiveness against mycoplasma. Ciprofloxacin HCl works by interfering with the bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase, an enzyme necessary for bacterial synthesis, replication, and transcription in both the active and non-active growth phases of the bacterial life cycle [9].The effective concentration for Ciprofloxacin
HCl, as with many antibiotics varies with the organism or the cell type, environmental conditions, and stage of growth cycle. However, a concentration of 10 µg/mL is active against most strains of gram negative and gram positive bacteria, as well as several species of mycoplasma. In comparison to other antibiotics, Ciprofloxacin HCl has many advantages, including lack of known resistant strains, minimal side effects, a lower effective working concentration, non-cytotoxicity, a low reoccurrence rate for contamination, and the ability to kill bacteria in both the active and non-active growth phases [9,10]. In this, the present research Acoustical and volumetric properties have been measured for Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride drug in dioxane-water mixture at 303.3K and different parameters such as adiabatic compressibility (βs), Partial molar volume (φv), intermolecular free length (Lf), apparent molar compressibility (φK), specific acoustic impedance (Z), relative association (RA), solvation number (Sn).limiting apparent molar compressibility (φ0κ), limiting apparent molar volume(φ0v) and their constant (Sk, Sv). Viscosity coefficient (A, B)were studied [12-15].
Material and Method Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) and dioxane were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The double distilled dioxane was used for preparation of different concentration of drug solution.
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Available online at www.ijpras.com Preparation of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) in water-Dioxane The drug Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (HCl) was used. Dioxane was purified by Vogel’s standard method. The double distilled dioxane was used for preparation of different concentration of drugs solution. The densities were determined by using specific gravity bottle by relative measurement method with accuracy ± 1x10-5 gm/cm3. Theory Sound-velocity is given by: U =(φκ.d)-1/2 Apparent molar compressibility (φκ) has been calculated by using the relation, φκ= 1000βsC-1 - βs d0-1(1000C-1dM) Where, βs, d and d0 are the adiabatic compressibility and density of solution and solvent respectively. C is molar concentration of solute; M is molecular weight of solute. Apparent molar volume (vφ) = 1000(Cd0) -1 (d0 – d) + M2 d0-1 Specific acoustic impedance (Z) = Us ds Intermolecular free length (Lf) = K√βs Relative association (RA) = (ds / d0) x (U0 /Us) 1/3 The entire viscosity data have been analyzed by using Jones-Dole equation ηr -1 / √c = A + B √c
Result and Discussion In the present investigation, different acoustical properties such as Relative viscosity(ηr), Density(ds), Apparent molar volume(vφ), Solvation number(Sn) are listed in table-1. limiting apparent molar Limiting apparent molar volume(φ0v), compressibility (φ0κ), their constant (Sk, Sv) and viscosity coefficient (A, B) are listed in table-2. Ultrasonic velocity (Us), apparent molar compressibility (φκ), relative association (RA), adiabatic compressibility(Ks), Intermolecular free length (Lf),specific acoustic impedance (Z) are listed in table-3. It was found that the ultrasonic velocity decreased with the increase in concentration for dioxane-water system. Variation of ultrasonic velocity in solution depends upon the increase or decrease of molecular free length after mixing the component. Intermolecular free length increased linearly on increase in concentration of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in 1,4dioxane. .It is happened because there was significant interaction between ions and solvent molecules suggesting a structure promoting
behavior of the added electrolyte. The specific acoustic impedance (Z) decreased with the increase in concentration. When concentration of electrolyte was increased, the thickness of oppositely charged ionic atmosphere increases due to decrease in ionic strength. This is suggested by decrease in acoustic impedance with increase in concentration. It was seen that the intermolecular free length increased very little with the increase in concentration in dioxanewater system.This intermolecular free length variation is due to greater force of attraction between solute and solvent by forming hydrogen bonding. The adiabatic compressibility increased with the increase in concentration of solution. It is happened due to collection of solvent molecule around ions, this supporting weak ion-solvent interaction.This indicates that there is significant solute-solvent interaction. It was observed that apparent molar volume increased with concentration. It indicates the existence of strong ion-solvent interaction. It was found that the value of adiabatic compressibility was increased with the increase in concentration of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in dioxane-water system. It shows strong electrostatic attractive force in the vicinity of ions. From the data, we were concluded that strong molecular association was found in dioxane-water system. The value of relative association increased with the increase in concentration the solvation number in Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride –dioxane system is increased with concentration, it indicates the solvent molecule forms strong coordination bond in primary layer. The limiting molar compressibility was positive. The value of Sk exhibits positive. It indicates the existence of ion-ion or solute-solute interactions in system. From table-2, it was found that the value of limiting apparent molar volume was positive in systems. It indicates that the ion-dipolar interaction in Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in 1,4-dioxane-water mixture. The positive value of Sv indicates the strong solute-solvent interaction. These value indicates an induced effect of 1, 4- dioxane on solute-solvent interaction. The value of Sk and Sv have been determined in table-2. From Table-2 it was observed that the value of ‘A’ (Falkenhagen coefficient) was positive. ‘A’ measures of ionic interaction. It indicates that there is a strong solute-solute interaction in solute molecules. The Jones–Dole coefficient measures solute –solvent interaction. The value of “B”coefficient was negative in which measures the solute-solvent interactions. But with the increase in concentration of dioxanewater,the B value becomes less negative indicating stronger ion-solvent interaction.The value of A and B are determined.figure.1 and Table 2
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Available online at www.ijpras.com Table-2: Physical properties of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in dioxane-water mixture at 303.3 K Concentration (mole.lit-1)
Relative viscosity (ηr)
10% dioxane-water mixture at 303.3 K 0.00 1.512
Density (ds) kg m-3
Apparent molarvolume (vφ) m3mole-1
Solvation number (Sn)
1021.11
0.5072
0.32743
1x10
-3
1.444
1021.23
0.5166
0.32975
2x10
-3
1.382
1021.32
0.5264
0.33256
3x10
-3
1.303
1021.46
0.5356
0.33451
4x10
-3
1.232
1021.58
0.5392
0.33696
5x10
-3
1.221
1021.62
0.5458
0.33936
1.206
1021.67
0.5506
0.34239
6x10
-3
7x10
-3
1.189
1021.70
0.5544
0.34461
8x10
-3
1.172
1021.77
0.5586
0.34714
9x10
-3
1.159
1021.81
0.5618
0.34925
20% dioxane-water mixture at 303.3 K 0.00
1.521
1021.32
0.5297
0.32806
-3
1.461
1021.41
0.5335
0.33017
-3
1.404
1021.49
0.5366
0.33206
-3
3x10
1.345
1021.54
0.5405
0.33402
4x10-3
1.295
1021.59
0.5441
0.33697
-3
5x10
1.232
1021.66
0.5480
0.33986
6x10-3
1.212
1021.69
0.5512
0.34249
-3
1.195
1021.73
0.5548
0.34499
-3
1.181
1021.76
0.5589
0.34736
-3
1.166
1021.82
0.5677
0.35034
1x10 2x10
7x10 8x10 9x10
30% dioxane-water mixture at 303.3 K 0.00
1.531
1021.47
0.5302
0.32840
-3
1.468
1021.54
0.5339
0.34042
-3
1.412
1021.59
0.5373
0.34183
-3
1.355
1021.62
0.5409
0.34314
-3
1.304
1021.68
0.5449
0.34520
-3
1.243
1021.72
0.5483
0.34713
-3
1.218
1021.75
0.5514
0.34985
-3
1.207
1021.79
0.5552
0.35120
-3
1.189
1021.81
0.5589
0.35366
-3
1.173
1021.89
0.5087
0.35517
1x10 2x10 3x10 4x10 5x10
6x10 7x10 8x10 9x10
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Table-2: Limiting Apparent molar compressibility (φκ), Limiting Apparent molar volume (vφ), Sv,Sk, A and B. Parameter Limiting Apparent molar volume (φv )m3mole
10% 0.5053
20% 0.5056
30% 0.5058
Limiting Apparent molar compressibility (φ0κ)x 10-9 m2 N-1
1.0425
1.0427
1.0428
6.322
6.327
6.329
51.885
51.886
51.889
10.501 -55.453
10.504 -55.451
10.506 -55.449
3
1/2
Sv m kg
mole
-3/2
3
Sk M mole-2kg. N
-1
A B Table-3:
Ultrasonic velocity (Us) m s-1, Apparent molar compressibility (φk x10-9 ) m2 N-1 , Adiabatic compressibility (KS) x10 6
-2
(Zx10 ) kg m s
-10
2
-1
m N , Intermolecular free length (Lf) x10
-11
Relative
association
(RA),
m, Specific acoustic impedance
-1
Concentration
Ultrasonic
Apparent
velocity (Us)
molarcompress
ms
-1
-9
Relative
Adiabatic
Intermolec
Specific
associati
compressibiliy
ular
acoustic
free length
impedance
(Lf) x10-11 m
(Zx106)
ibiity(φk x10 )
on
m2 N-1
(RA)
10% dioxane-water mixture at 303.3 K 0.00 1322.21 3.5603
( βs) x10
-10
m2N-1
kg m-2 s-1
1.00164
5.60432
4.76121
1.3503
1x10-3
1318.24
3.5852
1.00359
5.63804
4.77563
1.3462
-3
1313.62
3.6165
1.00582
5.67706
4.79206
1.3424
-3
1307.85
3.6372
1.00735
5.72666
4.81293
1.3367
-3
1303.93
3.6643
1.00933
5.76068
4.82715
1.3328
-3
5x10
1299.19
3.6895
1.01195
5.80314
4.84492
1.3274
6x10-3
1294.54
3.7231
1.01359
5.84395
4.86196
1.3227
-3
1286.67
3.7472
1.01527
5.89693
4.88937
1.3168
-3
1287.43
3.7751
1.01716
5.93554
4.89993
1.3126
-3
1277.91
3.5603
1.00164
5.97965
4.91804
1.3078
20% dioxane-water mixture at 303.3 K 0.00 1322.28 3.564
1.00168
5.60439
4.76125
1.3504
2x10 3x10 4x10
7x10 8x10 9x10
-3
1x10
1318.25
3.5853
1.00357
5.63806
4.77564
1.3463
2x10-3
1313.64
3.6167
1.00583
5.67704
4.79207
1.3425
-3
1307.88
3.6374
1.00734
5.72662
4.81294
1.3368
-3
1303.81
3.6647
1.00938
5.76064
4.82716
1.3329
-3
1299.13
3.6894
1.01192
5.80313
4.84494
1.3275
3x10 4x10 5x10
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1294.45
3.7237
1.01354
5.84399
4.86195
1.3228
-3
7x10
1286.61
3.7479
1.01528
5.89696
4.88936
1.3169
8x10-3
1287.42
3.7753
1.01712
5.93551
4.89994
1.3127
-3
1277.84
3.5602
1.00163
5.97963
4.91805
1.3079
30% dioxane-water mixture at 303.3 K 0.00 1322.30 3.5606
1.00174
5.60441
4.76125
1.3504
9x10
-3
1318.29
3.5855
1.00364
5.63807
4.77565
1.3463
-3
1313.67
3.6167
1.00589
5.67707
4.79207
1.3425
-3
3x10
1307.88
3.6378
1.00736
5.72668
4.81295
1.3369
4x10-3
1303.97
3.6644
1.00939
5.76069
4.82717
1.3329
-3
1299.21
3.6896
1.01198
5.80315
4.84495
1.3278
-3
1294.55
3.7235
1.01360
5.84397
4.86197
1.3229
-3
1286.68
3.7476
1.01527
5.89698
4.88935
1.3169
-3
8x10
1287.44
3.7756
1.01717
5.93559
4.89997
1.3129
9x10-3
1277.92
3.5606
1.00165
5.97967
4.91808
1.3086
1x10 2x10
5x10 6x10 7x10
Fig.1: Relative viscosity of drug using Jones-Dole equation
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
In the present study mentions the experimental data for ultrasonic velocity and density at 303.3K for ciprofloxacin in 1,4-dioxane-water mixture. From experimental data calculated acoustical parameters and studied to explain solute-solvent interaction and ion-ion / solute-solute interaction are existing between drug and organic solvent mixture. .
The authors are thankful to Principal of D.D.Autonomous College, Keonjhar, Odisha, India for providing financial support.This experimental work was supported by the Department of Chemistry, Ravenshaw University, Odisha, India
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Available online at www.ijpras.com “Cite this Article” P. C. Pal, S. P. Das “Acoustic and volumetric properties of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in dioxane-water mixture at 303.3 K” Int. J. of Pharm. Res. & All. Sci. 2015;4(1):45-50
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