ACTIVE LEARNING EXERCISE 5 (The Final Push)

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ACTIVE LEARNING EXERCISE 5 (The Final Push and an Overview). 1. ... Alkene . CnH2; C2H4. Double bond. Alkyne. CnHn; C2H2. Triple bond. 5. Among ...
ACTIVE LEARNING EXERCISE 5 (The Final Push and an Overview) 1. Name the following compounds (systematically or by providing common names, if any) O

O

O

OH

OH

pentanoic acid

pent-3-enoic acid

OH

3-methylbut-3-enoic acid

O N N

2-pent-3-enone

N,N-dimethylbutan-1-amine

N,N-dimethylbut-3-enamine

2. Draw the structure of the following compounds a. N,N-dimethylbutyramide N

O

b. N,N-dimethylbut-2-enamide N

O

c. 2,3-dimethyl-1-but-2-enol OH

3. In organic compounds, how many covalent bonds does each of the following elements normally form? a) carbon __4__ b) oxygen __2__ c) hydrogen ___1___ d ) nitrogen ___3___

Classes of Hydrocarbons 4. Distinguish between the following classes of hydrocarbons by completing the table below. General formula (CxHy) CnH2n+2; C2H6 CnH2; C2H4 CnHn; C2H2

Hydrocarbon Alkane Alkene Alkyne

Kind of multiple bond(s) in compound None (Single bonds) Double bond Triple bond

5. Among alkenes, alkynes and aromatic hydrocarbons, only alkenes exhibit cis-trans isomerism. Explain why the others do not. Alkenes have two different groups attached to each carbon on the ends of the double bond whereas alkynes, with their triple bond, have only one group attached to each carbon and aromatics also have only one group attached to each carbon making cis-trans isomerism impossible. 6. Consider the molecular formula C5H12. Draw, and name, three isomers with the formula C5H12

pentane

2-methylbutane

2,2-dimethylpropane

Functional Groups 7. Complete the table below. The first functional group is completed for you as an example Functional group Carboxylic acid Aldehyde

Ketone

Structure of functional group OH | -C=O H | -C=O CH3 | -C=O

Example of compound that includes functional group

Name of example

CH3CH2COOH

Propanoic acid

O

H

Ethanal (Acetaldehyde)

O

Propanone

C-NH2

Amine

Ethanamine (Ethyl amine)

CH3CH2NH2 O

O

Ethanamide (Ethyl Amide)

Amide NH2

Alcohol

NH2

CH3OH

-CH2-OH

Methanol

Important Organic Reactions 8. Distinguish between addition and substitution reactions by completing the table below. Kind of Organic Reaction

Description Addition of an atom to multiple bonds (to double or triple bonds) Replacing one atom in a bond with another

Addition Substitution

Example Hydrogenation, hydration, hydrohalogenations, Substitution of halogens with hydrogens on benzene ring

9. Write equations for the reactions below. Show the structures for all organic reactants and products. You need not balance each reaction. a. A substitution reaction between toluene and bromine gas in the presence of a catalyst

+ Br2

FeBr3 Br

b. An addition reaction between cyclohexene and chlorine gas, Cl2 Cl light

+ Cl2

+ HCl

c. A synthesis reaction between propanoic acid and ethanol to form an ester. O

O

OH

+

HO

O