E.F. Wheeler, R.S. Gates, H. Xin, K. Casey, P. Topper and Y. Liang. Extraction of ammonia by .... Nitrogen in The Netherlands over the past five centuries. 301. H. Noordijk .... Workshop ammonia abatement: heaven and hell. 381. Workshop ...
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edited by: Gert-Jan Monteny and Eberhard Hartung
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Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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Ammonia emissions is an important topic in many countries with animal production, since it contributes to environmental and health problems. Strategies and measures to reduce ammonia emission are getting increasing attention in national and international legislation. This book aims to bring together visions and knowledge from scientists, policy makers and other relevant stakeholders around the subject of NH3 emissions from agricultural operations and its reduction options. It also offers a basis for international harmonization on various NH3 emission related topics (e.g. national emission inventories, measurement techniques and strategies, data on emissions and reductions) and, last but not least, it provides an update of science concerning NH3 and related environmental issues. The focus of this publication is on NH3 emissions from various agricultural sources (grazing, animal housing, manure storage, land application of manures), and the options for their reduction in a farm system approach. Also, multiple gaseous emissions, their reduction options and pollution swapping issues are addressed. Environmental impact and health related effects of NH3 are briefly addressed. In conclusion, this book gives an overview of the current knowledge about
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Wageningen Academic Publishers - Ammonia emissions in agriculture
ammonia emissions and how we can implement this knowledge in current agricultural systems. Download table of contents of the book "Ammonia emissions in agriculture". (PDF file) Review of the book "Ammonia emissions in agriculture". (PDF file) ISBN-13: 978-90-8686-029-6 Price (): 59.00 Price ($): 79.00 Quantity 1
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Table of contents Preface Gert-Jan Monteny
7
Invited papers
21
Ammonia emission: history and future of research, the effects of research and the relation between policy development and research A.A. Jongebreur
23
Towards sustainable ammonia emission levels K. Plug
26
Towards a strong, forward-thinking agricultural sector in harmony with its surroundings 28 R. Bergkamp Ammonia and the unece convention on long-range transboundary air pollution J. Sliggers and K. Bull
31
The regulation of ammonia emissions in the United States S. Shaver
38
Ammonia assessment from agriculture: status and national needs V.P. Aneja, J. Blunden, K. James, W.H. Schlesinger, R. Knighton, W. Gilliam, D. Niyogi and S. Cole
44
Atmospheric ammonia: detecting emission changes and environmental impacts – summary report of the unece Edinburgh workshop M.A. Sutton, E. Giles and S. Baker
52
Reduced nitrogen in ecology and the environment J.W. Erisman and M. Sutton
58
Comprehensive reporting of agricultural emissions U. Dämmgen, N.J. Hutchingsand J. Webb
64
Feeding and management: pigs
67
Nutritional options to reduce ammonia emission from excreta of pigs A.W. Jongbloed, A.J.A. Aarnink and C.M.C. van der Peet-Schwering
69
Effect of different feeding strategies on the ammonia emission from a fattening pig house 72 H. Cnockaert, M.J. Van Oeckel, D.L. De Brabander and B. Sonck Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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Effect of diet on air emissions from pigs W. Powers, S. Zamzow and B. Kerr
74
Effect of piglet diet on gas emissions C. Pineiro, J. Morales, S. Godbout, S.P. Lemay, M. Belzile, J. Feddes, P. Illescas, G. Montalvo and M. Bigeriego
76
Dietary composition influences odour and ammonia emissions from pig manure P.D. Le, A.J.A. Aarnink and M.W.A. Verstegen
78
Feeding and management: poultry
81
Effect of diet on air emissions from laying hens W. Wu, W. Powers, R. Angel, C.E. Hale III and T. Applegate
83
Effect of diet on air emissions from broiler chickens W. Powers, R. Angel, and T. Applegate
85
Combined effect of dietary acidogens and cation exchangers on laying hen manure ammonia emissions and egg production costs E.C. Hale III
87
Feeding and management: cattle
89
Prediction of fecal and urinary nitrogen excretion by dairy cattle F.K. van Evert, H.G. van der Meer and J.J.M.H. Ketelaars
91
Nutritional options to manipulate ammonia emission from excreta of dairy cattle A. Bannink, J. Reijs and J. Dijkstra
94
Milk urea concentration as an indicator for ammonia emission reduction from dairy barns by feeding measures G. van Duinkerken and L.B.J. Šebek
96
Examples of dairy cows diets to high yielding dairy cows, fed for decreased ammonia emission C. Swensson
99
Additives
103
Application of urease inhibitors in dairy facilities to reduce ammonia volatilisation M. Leinker, A. Reinhardt-Hanisch, E. von Borell and E. Hartung
10
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105
Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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Research of feed and manure additives utilisation for ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions abatement in livestock breeding A. Jelinek, M. Dedina and J. Dolejs
108
Reduction of ammonia emissions from pig housing, slurry storage and applied slurry through acidification of slurry P. Kai, P. Pedersen, J.E. Jensen and S.G. Sommer
110
Reduction of ammonia emission and improved production efficiency in pig houses by acidification of slurry S. Levi and S. Daren
113
Cattle housing Ammonia emissions from a low-profile cross-ventilated dairy barn R.E. Sheffield, M. De Haro Marti, J.F. Smith and J.P. Harner
115 117
Ammonia emission from cow houses within the Dutch ‘Cows & Opportunities’ project 119 M.C.J. Smits and J.W.H. Huis in t Veld Measurements of ammonia emission from naturally ventilated dairy cattle buildings G. Zhang; J.S. Strøm; H.B. Rom, and P. Kai
121
Monitoring ammonia emissions from cattle houses using Ferm tubes C H Burton, T.H. Misselbrook, D.C. Welch and C Hampson
124
Inventory of reduction options for ammonia and methane emissions in Dutch cattle farming H.J.C. van Dooren, M.C.J. Smits, N.W.M. Ogink and G.J. Monteny Pig housing
126 129
Ammonia emission in organic pregnant sows with and without access to paddock S. Ivanova-Peneva, AJ.A. Aarnink and M.W.A Verstegen
131
Heath risks of ammonia exposure for farm animals J. Hartung
133
Distribution of ammonia in swine houses at emission reduction K.-H. Krause, S. Linke, H.-J. Müllerand M. Mußlick
134
Adjustment of the livestock ventilation system as a potential ammonia abatement technique N. Kozlova, V. Vtory and N. Maximov
Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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Determination of ammonia emissions in a pig house from ventilation flow estimated by two different methods V. Blanes-Vidal, S. Calvet, M. Pablos, F. Estellés, M. Laínez and A.G. Torres Ammonia and odour from different surfaces in a house for fattening pigs S.A. Nimmermark
138 140
Pit and wall emission streams for H2S, NH3, CO2, PM and odour from deep-pit pig finishing facilities L.D. Jacobson, B.P. Hetchler and D.R. Schmidt
142
Effects on odour and ammonia emissions of different width openings in slatted floors for fattening pigs C. Fabbri, N.Labartino, G.Bonazziand E.Poletti
144
Reduction of the number of slots for concrete slatted floor in fattening buildings: consequences for pigs and environment N. Guingand and V. Courboulay
147
Reduction of stocking density in pig units: effects on odour, ammonia and dust N. Guingand
149
Air exchange through slatted floors in houses for fattening pigs K.-H. Jeppsson and G. Gustafsson
151
The reduction in ammonia emission by cooling the surface of liquid manure in slurry channels R. Myczko, J.L. Jugowar and A. Myczko
153
Animal welfare, ammonia emission and economical values C.M. Groenestein
155
NH3 emissions in French straw-based pig-on-litter breeding systems M. Hassouna, P. Robin and C. Texier
157
NH3 and GHG emissions from a straw flow system for fattening pigs B. Amon, V. Kryvoruchko, M. Fröhlich, T. Amon, A. Pöllinger, I. Mösenbacher and A. Hausleitner
160
Monitoring of ammonia emissions from two contrasting flooring systems for growing and finishing pigs: fully slatted vs. straw based housing N. J. Penlington, T.G.M. Demmers and B.P. Gill
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162
Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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Poultry housing
165
Management options for reducing ammonia emissions from poultry litter P.A. Moore, Jr., D. Miles, R. Burns, D. Pote and K. Berg
167
Experimental results of ammonia emissions from a fattening rabbit farm in Spain S. Calvet, F. Estellés, B. Hermida, M. Cambra-Lopez and A.G. Torres
169
Experimental results of ammonia emissions from broiler production in Spain S. Calvet, Y. Úbeda, M. Cambra-Lopez, V. Blanes-Vidal and A.G. Torres
171
Spatial variability of ammonia production in poultry house: biological, chemical, and physical effects at microscale N. Lovanh, K. Cook, M. Rothrock, D. Miles and K. Sistani
173
Potential means to reduce ammonia emission from laying hen facilities H. Xin, H. Li and R.T. Burns
176
Ammonia emissions from laying hen and broiler houses in the U.S.A E.F. Wheeler, R.S. Gates, H. Xin, K. Casey, P. Topper and Y. Liang
178
Extraction of ammonia by ventilation in an aviary system for laying hens G. Gustafsson and E. von Wachenfelt
180
Influence of manure storage on ammonia release in a floor housing system for laying hens 182 E. von Wachenfelt and G. Gustafsson Costs for housing systems with low ammonia emission in poultry H.H. Ellen and I. Vermeij
184
Improving air quality in low density floor systems for laying hens H. von Wachenfelt
187
Manure application
189
Effect of application method on ammonia volatilisation from manure applied to grassland in the Netherlands and Belgium J.F.M. Huijsmans, G.D. Vermeulen, J.M.G. Hol, H. Cnockaertand P. Demeyer
191
An algorithm for estimation of the influence of crop and crop heights on ammonia emission from band spread livestock slurry M.N. Hansen, R.E. Thorman, T. Misselbrookand S.G. Sommer
193
Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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Comparison of ammonia emissions when using different techniques after application of slurry in Spain: summary of results 2004-06 196 M.J. Sanz, C. Monter, F. Sanz, G. Montalvo, J.L. Palau, P. Illescas, C. Piñeiro and M. Bigeriego The effect of slurry application rate on ammonia losses from bandspread and shallow injected applications E. Sagoo, J.R.Williams, B.J. Chambers, H.Collis, T. H. Misselbrookand D.R. Chadwick
199
The effectiveness of different soil incorporation techniques as a means of ammonia abatement following the application of solid manure 201 R.E Thorman, J. Webb, S.Yamulki, T.H. Misselbrook, G. Bennett, S. McMillan and R. Matthews Evaluation of open and closed slot shallow injection of slurry into ley under Swedish conditions L. Rodhe, A. Etana, G. Gebresenbet, M. Pell, T. Rydberg and S. Yamulki Quantification of ammonia flux from land application of swine effluent K.R. Sistani, A.C. Williams and D.A. Mays Modelling ammonia volatilisation following urea fertilisation in a winter wheat-maize rotation in China A. Pacholski, G.-X. Cai and M. Roelcke
203 205
207
Evaluation of ammonia emissions from chemical fertilisers land spreading E. Dinuccio, F. Gioelli, N. Dorno and P. Balsari
210
Ammonia emissions from sewage sludge management: an underestimated problem? J. Dach and F. Nicholson
212
Handling and storage
215
Turnover and losses of NH3 during manure composting: a critical review G.L. Szántó, H.V.M. Hamelers, W.H. Rulkensand A.H.M. Veeken Predicting ammonia emissions from carbon and nitrogen biodegradability during animal waste composting M. Hassouna, J.-M. Paillat and P. Robin
217
219
Investigations into ammonia emissions during composting I. Körner
221
Emissions of ammonia from a plant for pig slurry processing on sawdust F. Gioelli, E. Dinuccio, E. Santoro and P. Balsari
224
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Farm-scale evaluation of three cover systems for reducing ammonia emissions from swine manure stores and subsequent land spreading L. Loyon, F. Guiziou, S. Picard and P. Saint-Cast Air purification Combined air scrubbers in livestock production: performances and costs N.W.M. Ogink and A.J.J. Bosma Trickle bed reactors: optimisation of the washing water processing to increase the ammonia removal efficiency R. Kosch, M. Olberding, H.F.A. Van den Weghe
226 229 231
233
Ammonia and odour removal from waste gases of composting processes M. Schlegelmilch, J. Streese-Kleeberg and R. Stegmann
235
Biofiltration with rockwool for removal of ammonia emitted from livestock farming T. Yasuda, K. Kuroda, Y. Fukumoto, D. Hanajima and K. Suzuki
237
Production of aerosols of diameter under 10 µm from stables and its elimination J. Dolejs, O. Toufar, M. Dedina, J. Nemeckova and J. Knizek
239
Integrated measures Assessment of pollution swapping risks of EU environmental policies and measures O. Oenema, D. Oudendag,G.L. Velthof, G.J. Monteny and H. van Grinsven
243 245
Prioritisation of ammonia abatement measures, their costs and impacts on nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions using the NARSES model J. Webb, S.G. Anthony and S. Humphries
247
Quantification of ammonia emission and nitrate leaching in EU-27 using MITERRAEUROPE G.L. Velthof, D. Oudendag, H.P. Witzke, W.A.H. Asman, Z. Klimont and O. Oenema
249
Integrated assessment of atmospheric emissions, leaching and runoff of ammonia, greenhouse gases and nutrients at a landscape level W. de Vries, J. Kros, G.L. Velthof, E. Gies, J.C. Voogd, A. Bleeker, J. Schröderand M.P.W. Sonneveld Integral assessment of acidification of the animal sector as part of the total agricultural sector in the Netherlands M.A. Thomassen and I.J.M. de Boer
Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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251
254
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Regional estimates of ammonia and nitrous oxide and their potential environmental impact: The case of dairy production in Czech Republic M. Havlikova and C. Kroeze A whole-farm strategy to reduce ammonia losses following slurry application M.P.W. Sonneveld, J.J. Schröder, J.A. de Vos, G.J. Monteny, J. Mosquera, J.M.G. Hol, E.A. Lantinga, F.P.M. Verhoeven and J. Bouma The impact on ammonia emissions of strategies to reduce nitrate leaching losses following cattle slurry applications to grassland J.R. Williams, E. Sagoo, B.J. Chambers, K.A. Smith, J.A. Lawsand D.R. Chadwick Agricultural scenarios for European air pollution policy Z. Klimont, M. Amann, W. Asman, I. Bertok., J. Cofala, C. Heyes, M. Posch, W. Schöpp and F. Wagner
257 259
261 263
Compliance with multiple EU directives when regulating farm intensification 265 N.J. Hutchings, I.S. Kristensen, M.S. Jørgensen, B.M. Petersen, F.P. Vinther and N. Detlefsen Inventories and modelling - process models
267
Online monitoring and modelling of ammonia emission from pig units B. Bjerg, H.B. Rom and K. Sørensen
269
Investigating ammonia reduction techniques using a dynamic model for swine barns E.L. Cortus, S.P. Lemay and E.M. Barber
271
Ammonia emission from sources in animal houses H.-J. Müller and A. Kiwan
273
How the use of a mechanistic model of ammonia volatilisation in the field may improve national ammonia volatilisation inventories J. Rosnoblet, M. Theobald, S. Génermont, B. Gabrielle and P. Cellier NH3 emission from manure: physicists’ view Mikko Hautala
277
Inventories and modelling - national inventories
279
Spanish methodology for the improvement of ammonia emissions inventories from livestock M. Cambra-López, F. Estellés, S. Calvet, A.G. Torres, N. Alonso and A. Cristóbal
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275
281
Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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Animal husbandry in Germany: national evaluation for animal housing systems assessment of environmental impacts B. Eurich-Menden, W. Achilles, H. Döhler, F. Eichler, S. Fritzsche, E. Grimm, W. Hartmann, A. Hielscher and H. Lutz Agriculture emission inventory in Italy: synergies among conventions and directives R.D. Cóndor and R. De Lauretis Assessment of manure management systems in Austria and improvement of the emission inventory B. Amon, M. Fröhlich and T. Amon
283
285
287
The ‘Swiss Ammonia GAP’? Comparison of emissions and air quality trends B. Reidy, R. Ballaman, H. Menzi and B. Achermann
289
An ammonia emission inventory model for Irish agriculture B.P. Hyde
291
The model for agricultural mineral flows for policy support L.J. Mokveld
293
Calculation of the ammonia emissions in The Netherlands H.H. Leusink
296
Comparison of models used for national ammonia emission inventories within the EAGER workgroup H. Menzi, U. Dämmgen, H. Döhler, B. Eurich-Menden, F.K. van Evert, N.J. Hutchings, H.H. Luesink, T.H. Misselbrook, G.-J. Monteny, J. Webb and B. Reidy Nitrogen in The Netherlands over the past five centuries H. Noordijk Inventories and modelling - emission factors
298
301 303
PM emissions in and from force-ventilated turkey and dairy cattle houses as factor of health and the environment T. Hinz, S. Linke, J. Karlowski, R. Myczko, T. Kuczynski and J. Berk
305
Ammonia emissions in and from force-ventilated turkey and dairy cattle houses, validation of emission factors by direct measurements T. Hinz, S. Linke, J. Karlowski, R. Myczko, T. Kuczynski and J. Berk
307
Aerial pollutants emissions from confined animal buildings L.D. Jacobson, A.J. Heber, S.J. Hoff, Y. Zhang, D.B. Beasley and J.A. Koziel
Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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Multi-purpose ammonia measurements on a landscape level A. Bleeker, A. Hensen, E. Gies, W. de Vries, J. Kros and M.P.W. Sonneveld Ammonia, trimethylamine, and other volatile organic compound emissions from selected animal buildings N.M. Ngwabie, G.W. Schade, T.G. Custer, S. Linke and T. Hinz
311
314
Cost of ammonia abatement techniques in Spain C. Pineiro, P. Illescas, G. Montalvo, M. Herrero, R. Giraldez and M. Bigeriego
317
Ammonia-based air permits for Idaho dairies R. E. Sheffield and B. Louks
319
EU Project ‘BAT SUPPORT’: ‘Best Available Techniques for European Intensive Livestock Farming - Support for the Implementation of the IPPC-Directive’ H. Eckel, H. Döhler, B. Eurich-Menden and E. Grimm Measurement methods - sensors and technology
322 325
Measuring atmospheric ammonia concentrations using differential optical absorption spectroscopy D.E. Lolkema, J.B. Bergwerff, A.J.C. Berkhout, M. Haaima, G.R. van der Hoff, C.J.M. Potma and D.P.J. Swart Semiconductor sensor in continual measuring of different ammonia concentration P. Zabloudilová SnO2 solid state gas sensors and changes of some their properties for measurement of NH3 concentration J. Pecen Ammonia passive samplers: a helpful tool for monitoring measures to abate emissions D. Matthaei, E. Seitler and L. Thöni
327
329
332 334
Measurement methods - mechanically ventilated buildings and surface areas 337 Continuous monitoring method for ammonia emissions from poultry broiler houses in the United States R.T. Burns, H. Xin, R.S. Gates, H. Li, L.B. Moody, D.G. Overhults, J. EarnestandS. Hoff
339
Multi-element combined methods increase the reliability of emission factor measurement 341 M. Hassouna, P. Robin and J.-M. Paillat
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Quantifying measurement uncertainty for the multi-state broiler ammonia emissions project K.D. Casey, R.S. Gates, E.F. Wheeler, H. Xin and Y. Liang
343
Ammonia emissions in naturally ventilated cattle housing with an exercise yard: requirements and measuring concept using two tracer gases S. Schrade, K. Zeyer, L. Emmenegger, M.K. Vollmer, M. Keck and E. Hartung
345
Methodologies for measuring ammonia emissions from grazing livestock T.H. Misselbrook, V. Camp, T. Demmers and J. Williams Measurement methods - naturally ventilated buildings
347 349
An overview on ventilation rate measuring and modelling techniques through naturally ventilated buildings S. Eren Ozcan, E. Vranken and D. Berckmans
351
Study of the distribution pattern of the ammonia concentration inside a naturally ventilated dairy house H. Cnockaert and B. Sonck
354
Methods to measure the ventilation rate from naturally ventilated livestock buildings T.G.M. Demmers
357
Determination of ammonia emission from naturally ventilated animal houses H.-J. Müller, B. Möller, M. Gläser and M. Cespiva
359
Measuring methods of determination of air exchange rates and ammonia emission mass flows in naturally ventilated livestock buildings H.-J. Müller, B. Möller, U. Wanka, T. Heidenreich, S. Eren Ozcan, E. Vranken and D. Berckmans Dispersion
361
363
Ammonia concentrations downwind of Idaho dairies and heifer facilities M. Chahine and R.E. Sheffield
365
Ammonia concentrations around three pig farms in the central plateau of spain M.J. Sanz, G. Montalvo, C. Monter, F. Sanz, A. Carpio, P. Illescas, C. Piñeiro and M. Bigeriego
368
Ammonia concentration around two poultry farms in the central plateau of spain. M.J. Sanz, G. Montalvo, C. Monter, F. Sanz, P. Illescas, C. Piñeiro and M. Bigeriego
370
Ammonia emissions in agriculture
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Ammonia: air pollution and dispersion of agricultural and urban sources Y. Buchleither, R. Lumpp, Ch. Lutz-Holzhauer and Z. Peranic
372
Dispersion of ammonia emissions in the surroundings of a big piggery K.-H. Krause, T. Hinz, S. Linke, H.-J. Müller and M. Mußlick
374
Open space workshops
377
Workshop animal feeding
379
Workshop ammonia abatement: heaven and hell
381
Workshop measuring and monitoring
383
Workshop inventories and modelling: the true story ?
384
Workshop integrated measures: do we need them?
385
Panel discussions
387
Panel discussion (Monday)
389
An abridged summary of panellist statements (Wednesday) Dennis D. Schulte
392
Conference statement
395
Conference statement
397
Authors index
399
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