Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Atmospheric composition observations Research networks responding to modern needs for NRT data delivery by Geir Braathen, WMO’s Research Department
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Many ground based networks and projects
ICOS N A U R G SHADOZ EARLINET GAW N NDACC O I ACTRIS NOR L S A G S O EME G IA P BSRN Photons AERO NET AGAGE SOGE N C O A R C IBIC TC CAPMon 2
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Earth’s atmosphere: A thin layer 3
The atmosphere: A very thin layer
Troposphere
The atmosphere: A very thin layer
Stratosphere Troposphere
The atmosphere: A very thin layer
Upper atmosphere Stratosphere Troposphere
The atmosphere: A very thin layer
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Two examples why monitoring matters
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
First 2.5 years of CO2 observations at Mauna Loa, Hawaii: Seasonal cycle, but no trend is visible
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
After 55 years of continuous observations: The amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is increasing exponentially (approx. 0.5%/yr)
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Montreal 1987
4
EESC (relative amounts)
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Thanks to the Montreal Protocol, the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere should come down to the natural background level around the end of this century
No Protocol
Effect of the Montreal Protocol Long-term changes in equivalent effective stratospheric chlorine (EESC)
3 London 1990 2 Beijing 1999
Montreal 2007 1
Copenhagen 1992
Zero Emissions in 2011
Natural sources
0 1960
1980
2000
2020
2040
Year
2060
2080
2100
11
HCl column above Jungfraujoch, CH 5e+15
11 years: -1.0±0.2 %/yr
2
HCl STRATOPSHERIC COLUMN (molec./cm )
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Unexpectedly, stratospheric HCl is increasing again after a decade of gradual decline
5 years: +1.4±0.5 %/yr
4e+15
3e+15
2e+15
Daily means 1997.0 1998.0 1999.0 2000.0 2001.0 2002.0 2003.0 2004.0 2005.0 2006.0 2007.0 2008.0 2009.0 2010.0 2011.0 2012.0
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW): A world wide network of atmospheric composition observatories
Pt. Barrow
Ny-Ålesund
Alert
Pallas/Sodankylä
Mace Head Jungfraujoch Trinidad Head Mauna Loa
Zugspitze/Hohenpeißenberg
Monte Cimone Izaña Cape Verde
Assekrem / Tamanrasset Mt. Kenya
Samoa
Mt. Waliguan Pyramid
Minamitorishima Danum Valley
Bukit Koto Tabang
Arembepe Cape Point Amsterdam Island Ushuaia
Cape Grim
Lauder
Neumayer South Pole
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GAW delivers data in six categories Greenhouse gases Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
CO2, CH4, N2O etc
Stratospheric ozone Reactive gases
CO, NOx, O3, VOCs, SO2, H2 etc.
Aerosols
Aerosol optical depth (AOD) etc.
Precipitation chemistry
Major ions: SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, NH4+ etc.
Solar ultraviolet radiation 14
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
SAGs
Since 1989: Global Atmosphere Watch: First of all about data quality and ensuring a homogeneous network Ozone
GAW
UV
CAS Open Programme Area Group
Secretariat
IGACO-Ozone
EPAC
Precipitation chemistry
Greenhouse Gases
Environmental Pollution & Atmospheric Chemistry
IGACO-GHG IGACO-Aircraft
Reactive gases
GURME
Joint Steering Committee
Aerosols IGACO-Aerosols
IGACO-Air Quality
Quality Assurance & Science Activity Centres
Central Calibration Laboratories
World & Regional Calibration Centres
GHG
N2O
NOAA ESRL/GMD (USA)
IMK-IFU (DE)
VOC
CH4
Precip. chem.
JMA (JP)
Physical aerosol properties
SUNY Albany (USA)
IFT (DE)
Contributing networks
EMPA (CH)
Total O3
Optical depth
O3
3 WCC (US, CA, RU) 6 Dobson RCC (JP, AU, ZA, AR, DE, CZ) 1 Brewer RCC (ES)
WORCC (CH)
Sondes
CO2, CH4, N2O CO, Dobson O3
Brewer total O3
Ozonesondes
In situ O3
NOAA ESRL/GMD (USA)
Environment Canada
FZJülich (DE)
NIST (USA)
FZJülich (DE)
GAW stations & GAWSIS Pt. Barrow
BSRN
TCCON
In situ O3, CO, CH4
Host GAW World Reference Standards
Ny-Ålesund
Alert
Pallas/Sodankylä
Mace Head Jungfraujoch Trinidad Head Mauna Loa
CAPMoN
Zugspitze/Hohenpeißenberg
Monte Cimone Izaña Assekrem / Tamanrasset
Cape Verde
Mt. Kenya Samoa
Satellites & Aircraft
Mt. Waliguan Pyramid
Minamitorishima
CARIBIC
Danum Valley Bukit Koto Tabang
Arembepe Cape Point Amsterdam Island Ushuaia
Cape Grim
Lauder
products
Neumayer South Pole
World Data Centres WOUDC
Ozone & UV Environment Canada (CA)
Greenhouse gases
WDCA
WRDC
Aerosols
Radiation
JMA (JP)
NILU (NO)
MGO (RU)
WDCGG
WDCPC
WDC-RSAT
SUNY Albany (USA)
DLR (DE)
Precip. chem.
Satellite data
GHG Bulletins O3 Bulletins Assessments Global fields
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WMO GREENHOUSE GAS BULLETIN
Antarctic Ozone Bulletin No 4 / 2006
-60
-120
0
60
120
60
Clear-sky 11 October 2006
Erythemal UV index
The State of Greenhouse Gases in the Atmosphere Based on Global Observations through 2011
SCIAMACHY - KNMI/ESA
60
Aerosol Bulletin will be published soon
0
ISSN 2078-0796
No. 8 | 19 November 2012
Total CO2 Observed CO2
430
Emissions CO2 increase Sink
7.5
PgC yr–1
370
-60
2.5 -120
0 –2.5
340
-60
CO2 (ppm)
5.0
400
0
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
GAW is much more than just observations. It is also an end to end programme contributing to international assessments and with its own dissemination products, such as the WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin and the WMO Antarctic Ozone Bulletin
0
2
-60
4
–5.0
1960
1970
1980 1990 Year
2000
2010
Since the industrial revolution, about 375 billion tonnes of carbon have been emitted by humans into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2 ). Atmospheric measurements show that about half of this CO2 remains in the atmosphere and that, so far, the ocean and terrestrial sinks have steadily increased. Accurate measurements of atmospheric CO2 by WMO/GAW partners provide the basis for understanding the fate of CO2 that has been emitted to the atmosphere. The figure (left) shows globally averaged CO2 since 1958 inferred from measurements by GAW partners (blue) and as estimated in the absence of oceanic and terrestrial sinks (green). The figure (right) shows the
Executive summary The latest analysis of observations from the WMO Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme shows that the globally averaged mole fractions of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2O) reached new highs in 2011, with CO2 at 390.9±0.1 ppm [2] , CH4 at 1813±2 ppb [3] and N2O at 324.2±0.1 ppb. These values constitute 140%, 259% and 120% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels, respectively. The atmospheric increase of CO2 from 2010 to 2011 is similar to the average growth rate over the past 10 years. However, for N2O the increase from 2010 to 2011 is greater than both the one observed from 2009 to 2010 and
1960
1970
1980 1990 Year
2000
6
0
8
60
10
UV index
12
120
14
16
18
The map above shows the erythemal UV index for clear-sky conditions as forecasted for 11 October from SCIAMACHY data. It shows a typical global distribution of the erythemal UV index with values around 14 to 16 in the equatorial region and values near zero close to the poles. However, there is a region around South Georgia which will be exposed to unusually high UV. Whereas most areas around 50°S experience a UV index between 2 and 4, South Georgia and the ocean areas to the east experienced a UV index of about 12. This is 3-6 times higher than the normal value for this latitude at this time of the year. To the left is a map of chlorophyll concentration from the SeaWifs instrument on the SeaStar spacecraft. This map shows that the region which will now be exposed to intense UV radiation is a region with large bioproduction compared to other regions of the globe and is hence particularly vulnerable to elevated UV radiation.
2010
annual emissions in PgC [1] from fossil fuel combustion and other industrial processes, the annual atmospheric increase, and the amount of carbon sequestered by sinks each year. These sinks constitute the small net difference between large fluxes (~100 PgC per year) into and out of the atmosphere from the terrestrial biosphere and oceans. This small net difference varies with climate oscillations, such as El Niño and La Niña events. The ocean sink is less susceptible to human interference than the terrestrial biosphere. Net uptake of CO2 by the ocean makes it more acidic with potentially large impacts on the ocean food chain. (The figures and text are based on Ballantyne et al., 2012 and Levin, 2012.)
the average growth rate over the past 10 years. Atmospheric CH4 continued to increase at a similar rate as observed over the last 3 years. The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index shows that from 1990 to 2011 radiative forcing by long-lived greenhouse gases increased by 30%, with CO2 accounting for about 80% of this increase. 7 Oct. 2006
Overview
G l o b a l At m o s p h e r e Wa t c h
This eighth WMO/GAW Annual Bulletin reports on the atmospheric burdens and rates of change of the most important long-lived greenhouse gases (LLGHGs) – carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, CFC-12 and CFC-11 – and
http://www.wmo.int/gaw
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Long term observations = slow delivery High quality atmospheric chemistry measurements meant for trend analysis need to be quality checked Meteorological data used in weather forecasting (e.g. radiosondes) don’t need long term consistency. Raw data often deleted after a short while. GAW and others now try to fulfil both needs:
One stream of high quality verified data for use in Assessment and scientific work
One stream of NRT or rapid delivery data for use in model and satellite validation, publishing on the web etc.
Many GAW reports deal with measurement guidelines, also for NRT data delivery
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw-reports.html
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Examples of GAW reports dealing with measurement guidelines and NRT data delivery
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
GAW Report No. 209
GAW Report No. 204
GAW Report No. 201
GAW Report No. 200
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
WMO/GAW Standard Operating Procedures for
Guidelines for Continuous Measurements of
for Air Sampling in Stainless Steel Canisters
Quality Assurance and Quality Control for
In-situ Measurements of Aerosol Mass Concentration,
Ozone in the Troposphere
for Non-Methane Hydrocarbons Analysis
Ozonesonde Measurements in GAW
Light Scattering and Light Absorption
For more information, please contact:
For more information, please contact:
World Meteorological Organization
World Meteorological Organization
Research Department
Research Department
Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch
Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch
7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland
7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland
7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland
Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 81 11 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 81
WMO-No. 1110
For more information, please contact:
World Meteorological Organization
Research Department Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch
Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 81 11 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 81
Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 81 11 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 81
E-mail:
[email protected]
E-mail:
[email protected]
E-mail:
[email protected]
Website: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw_home_en.html
Website: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw_home_en.html
Website: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/gaw_home_en.html
GAW Report No. 193
GAW Report No. 192
GAW Report No. 189
GAW Report No. 185
Guidelines for Reporting Total Ozone Data in
Guidelines for the Measurement of
Report of the MACC/GAW Session on the
Guidelines for the Measurement of Methane and
Near Real Time
Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide
Near-Real-Time Delivery of the GAW Observations of
Nitrous Oxide and their Quality Assurance
Reactive Gases (Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, 6-8 October 2009) For more information, please contact:
For more information, please contact:
World Meteorological Organization
World Meteorological Organization
Research Department
Research Department
Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch
Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch
7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland
7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland
E-mail:
[email protected] – Website: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/index_en.html
World Meteorological Organization Research Department 7 bis, avenue de la Paix – P.O. Box 2300 – CH 1211 Geneva 2 – Switzerland Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 81 11 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 81
Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 81 11 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 81
Tel.: +41 (0) 22 730 81 11 – Fax: +41 (0) 22 730 81 81 WMO/TD - No. 1552
For more information, please contact:
Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch
WMO/TD - No. 1551
E-mail:
[email protected] – Website: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/index_en.html
WMO/TD - No. 1527
E-mail:
[email protected] – Website: http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/index_en.html
WMO/TD - No. 1478
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
NRT delivery often means more work Many data providers are obliged to submit data to several data centres, often in different formats Pressure to deliver data also in NRT in order to be visible and relevant
GAW collaborates with a number of networks, programmes and projects. Here follow two examples: IAGOS and NORS 19
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Near Real Time evaluaMon of MACC results by in-‐situ verMcal profiles of CO and O3
IAGOS Flights 2012: LUFTHANSA – CHINA AIRLINES Network 2013: LH, CAL + Air France, Iberia, Cathay Pacific 20
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
IAGOS-ERI
IAGOS-ERI is one of the new European Research Infrastructures on the ESFRI Roadmap 2006 . It will establish and operate a distributed infrastructure for long term observations of atmospheric composition, aerosol and cloud particles on a global scale from a fleet of initially 10-20 long range in-service aircraft of internationally operating airlines.
IAGOS-ERI deploys newly developed high-tech instruments for regular in-situ measurements of atmospheric chemical species (O3, CO, CO2, NOy, NOx, H2O), aerosols and cloud particles. The data will be available in near real time to weather services and GMES service centres.
IAGOS-ERI will provide a data base for users in science and policy, including near-real time data provision for weather prediction and air quality forecasting. It will provide data for climate models, including those used in the GMES Atmospheric Service, and the carbon cycle models used for the verification of CO2 emissions and Kyoto monitoring.
Data are uploaded via GPRS immediately after landing. In the future data will be transferred in real-time during the flight over the AMDAR system
More info: http://www.iagos.org
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NDACC/NORS pilot and future sites
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Quality assessment of Copernicus Atmospheric Service on operaDonal basis
Ground-‐based remote sensing rapid data delivery Data characterisaDon and uncertainDes
LIDAR, MWR, DOAS, FTIR O3, NO2, HCHO, CO, CH4, aerosol exDncDon, total and parDal columns and verDcal profiles 22
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
NORS
The principal objective of the NORS project is to improve the quality and validation of the products delivered by the Copernicus Atmospheric Service (CAS), previously known as GAS (GMES Atmospheric Service), using independent ground based remote sensing data from the international Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). NDACC is a crossborder research network with a strong European contribution, providing high-quality reference observational data for understanding the physical / chemical state of the stratosphere and troposphere, and for assessing the impact of atmospheric composition changes on climate.
The project will demonstrate operational rapid delivery of NDACC data to CAS, including a comprehensive set of metadata and a user guide. It will also develop and implement a web-based server for providing consistent validation reports of the CAS products using the NORS data products, on an operational basis. In support of the re-analyses planned in CAS, NORS will deliver timeseries of ground-based data back to 2003.
More info: http://nors.aeronomie.be/
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
NDACC: A global network of ~80 stations for GB remote sensing 90˚
Eureka Resolute
Barrow
60˚
NDACC Sites Lerwick
Toronto
30˚
Mt. Barcroft Table Mountain & Pasadena
Summit Scoresbysund
Ny-Ålesund
Søndre Strømfjord
Fairbanks
Laramie Boulder Billings Kitt Peak
Alert Thule
Greenbelt Wallops Island
Andøya Kiruna
90˚
Heiss Island
Sodankylä Salekhard Arckangel'sk
Harestua Onsala Aberdeen Zvenigorod Bremen Valentia Legionowo Aberystwyth Uccle DeBilt Praha Groß-Enzersdorf Villeneuve d'Ascq Hoher Sonnblick Bern & Jungfraujoch Kislovodsk Arosa & Payerne Garmisch & Zugspitze Hohenpeissenberg Bordeaux Briançon & Lannemezan Haute Provence &Plateau de Bure
Zhygansk
Issyk-Kul
Yakutsk
Moshiri Suwon
Izaña
60˚
Rikubetsu Tsukuba Kiso & Toyokawa
30˚
Mauna Kea, Hilo, & Mauna Loa Paramaribo
Tarawa
0˚ Natal
0˚
Ciater/Bandung
Samoa Bauru
Reunion Island
Alice Springs
-30˚
Wollongong
-30˚
Lauder Rio Gallegos Punta Arenas Ushuaia
-60˚
Rothera
-90˚
Palmer Faraday (Inactive)
Kerguelen Island
Syowa Base Dome C Neumayer Station Arrival Heights, McMurdo Station & Scott Base South Pole Station
Campbell Island (Inactive) Macquarie Island
-60˚
Dumont d'Urville
-90˚
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Total Column Lidar
Microwave spectrometer
FTIR
Lidar
Backscatter sondes
Lidar
Lidar
Observational Capabilities of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change Temperature
Aerosols
Reactive gases
GHGs FTIR (CO2 , CH4 , N2O) FTIR (CO, hydrocarbons)
NOy
Fy/Cly /Bry
H 2O
FTIR (NO, NO2 , HNO3)
FTIR (HF, HCl, ClONO2 )
Microwave (ClO)
Frost point hygrometer sondes
0 km
Microwave spectrometer
45-50 km
Ozonesondes
10-15 km
FTIR
O3
UV radiation
Surface spectral UV radiance and irradiance
Altitude
Halocarbons
NOy
H 2O Fy/Cly /Bry
O3
FTIR (CFC11, CFC12, HCFC22, SF6)
UV-Vis DOAS (NO2)
UV-Vis DOAS (OClO, BrO)
Microwave radiometer
Dobson, Brewer, UV-Vis DOAS
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
The NDACC Observational Capability Chart
Ripples indicate approximate vertical resolution.
Vertical Profiles
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Antarctic stations delivering ozone data in NRT AFRICA
South Atlantic Ocean
Scale 1:68,000,000 0
500
0
1000 Kilometers 500
Anta rc
1000 Miles
tic C onv erg enc
40
e
50
Neumayer
Scotia Sea
Río Gallegos
AR
NA
Drake Passage
Vernadsky
Punta Arenas
Bellingshausen Sea
70
Queen Maud Land
Halley
Syowa Enderby Land
Weddell Sea
Palmer Land
Rothera and San Martin 90 W
Novolazarevskaya
Marambio
Ushuaia
CHILE
60 60
Belgrano
Mac. Robertson Land
80
Ronne Ice Shelf
Amery Ice Shelf
Davis and Zhong Shan
South Pole
Ellsworth
Indian
Vinson Massif
90 E
Mirny O c e a n
(highest point in Antarctica, 4897 m)
Peter I Island
Land
Vostok
d
Bentley Subglacial Trench
Dôme C es
Ross Ice Shelf
80
McMurdo and Arrival Heights W
Amundsen Sea
ilk
Marie Byrd Land
South Pacific Ocean
Shackleton Ice Shelf
Lan
(lowest point in Antarctica, -2540 m)
Ross Sea
Bernardo O'Higgins (CHILE)
55
Ci
c cti tar An
Graham Land
BALLENY ISLANDS
0
Circle
Dumont d’Urville
66
Arturo Prat (CHILE)
Marambio (ARGENTINA)
rcl e
60
rctic
70
12
Anta
Esperanza (ARGENTINA)
Scott Island
Victoria Land
nc e
64
average minimum extent of sea ice
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection
60
Macquarie Island
t ar An
c c ti
Co
ge er nv
South Pacific Ocean
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Reactive gas data for MACC A routine has been set up for transfer in NRT of data on reactive gases for use in the MACC-II project Stations submit data to an ftp server at the German Weather Service (DWD) Guidelines on how to submit data are found in a WMO/GAW report:
http://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/arep/gaw/documents/WMO_TD_No_1527_ GAW_189_web.pdf
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Many ad hoc arrangements for NRT data delivery Current situation data users
data providers
(individual research groups)
(e.g. ESA, NASA, NASDA, ECMWF, NCEP, station networks, individual stations, field campaign data centers, ...)
bureaucratic procedure, i.e., submission of proposal, annual reports, final report, etc. simple registration or free access
IGACO Workshop Greece, 15 May 2006
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Ideal situation Data providers
Data protocol
GTS/WIS
Data centres
Data users
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Flow of ozonesonde data
D ATMOSPHER AN IC
NATIONAL OC EA
TRATION NIS MI AD CE
AR
ER
EP
D
NDACC DHF
C NI
S.
NADIR Data centre
Environment Canada, Toronto
U.
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
GTS
WOUDC
TME
O NT OF C
MM
SHADOZ data centre
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Volcanic ash: An example of need for research network data in NRT
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EARLINET: A research network that turned into 24/7 operational mode for a few days/weeks
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
27 aerosol lidar stations distributed over Europe Many of these stations delivered data 24/7 during the Eyjafjalljökull eruption in April 2010. More info on EARLINET
http://www.earlinet.org/
Munich 16-17 April 2010
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Some ground based NRT data services
SAOZ data (total ozone and NO2) from 13 stations around the globe
Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Ozone data from several stations in Antarctica made available by British Antarctic Survey
http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/met/jds/ozone/
Data from stations run by NOAA’s Global Monitoring Division
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/data/
http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/dv/iadv/graph.php?code=SPO&program=ozw v&type=vp
Several data sets are available at NILU
http://saoz.obs.uvsq.fr/
http://ebas.nilu.no
NRT NDACC data set up through the NORS project
ftp://ftp.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/ndacc/RD/
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Geir Braathen, WMO/GAW: Monitoring Matters, EEA, 10-11 April 2013
Some recommendations
It would help if the number of data centres and data formats could be reduced
Hard enough to sustain long term (slow delivery) measurements with funding from short term (2-3 years, typically) projects. A more sustainable funding model is needed for the long run
Even more difficult if NRT data delivery is asked for in addition to long term archiving
Extra funding is needed if one wants 24/7 readiness (e.g. volcanic ash)
IPR of data originators has to be respected
Many data providers live under the “Publish or Perish” regime
Many stations submit data in NRT
But the initiatives are scattered
Need for a more systematic approach
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There are no passengers on Spaceship Earth. We are all crew. Marshall McLuhan, 1964