Nil TARIM. Introduction to Electronics and Communication Engineering. Fall
2013. 1. BASICS OF ELECTRONICS. ♢ Components. • Passive (resistor,
capacitor ...
Nil TARIM
Introduction to Electronics and Communication Engineering
BASICS OF ELECTRONICS ♦
Components • Passive (resistor, capacitor, inductor) • Active (transistor, operational amplifier)
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Circuits • • • •
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Amplifier Oscillator Filter Rectifier Measuring instruments
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Voltmeter Ammeter Ohmmeter Powermeter Voltage source Oscilloscope Function generator
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Fall 2013
Nil TARIM
Introduction to Electronics and Communication Engineering
Fall 2013
Passive components Each electronic component is defined by a relation between the state variables of the network: Current, i ; voltage, v; charge, q; and magnetic flux, Ø.
dq = i·dt
dØ = v·dt
• Resistance, measured in Ohm (Ω), produces a voltage proportional to the current flowing through the element. v = R·i • Capacitance, measured in Farad (F), produces a current proportional to the rate of voltage change across the element. dq = C·dv
i·dt = C·dv
i = C·(dv/dt)
• Inductance, measured in Henry (H), produces a voltage proportional to the rate of current change through the element. dØ = L·di
v·dt = L·di
v = L·(di/dt)
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Nil TARIM
Introduction to Electronics and Communication Engineering
Fall 2013
Active components Conduction in different environments such as vacuum, gas, liquid and solid is achieved if proper conditions are provided. However the mechanisms differ. • Conduction in vacuum is based on ballistic movement. Operation of vacuum tubes is based on this principle. •
Nowadays, the electronic industry is based on solid-state electronics. Conductors (mostly metal) Insulators (wood, plastic, glass) Semiconductors
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Semiconductor diode (pn junction) Photodiode, LED, varactor, etc.
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Transistor Bipolar junction transistor (BJT) Metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET)
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Nil TARIM
Introduction to Electronics and Communication Engineering
Fall 2013
Types of circuits Regarding the type of signals; • •
Digital circuits Analog circuits
Regarding the construction of the circuit; • •
Discrete circuits Integrated circuits
Types of signals • •
Direct current (DC) Alternating current (AC)
The current at outlets is AC: sinusoidal, 220 V, 50 Hz. Most portable devices are typically powered by DC. So you should either use batteries, or convert AC into DC (rectifier).
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