Md. Rafsan Nahian; Md. Nurul Islam. Department of Mechanical Engineering,. Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology. Percentage of electricity ...
Biogas and Biogas Technology as a Solution of Energy Crisis in BangladeshEconomical, Environmental and Social Prospects Md. Rafsan Nahian; Md. Nurul Islam Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology Contribution: In this work, we have tried to figure out that how much
Possibility of electricity generation in Bangladesh (2013)
electrical energy can be extracted from various kinds of wastes in Bangladesh. Other power plants (79%)
Abstract: The issues of energy crisis, depletion of fossil fuel and global
Objectives:
To calculate the total energy that can be produced from poultry, cattle and municipal wastes in Bangladesh. To evaluate the economical, environmental and social prospects of biogas technology. To draw attention about the potential of biogas technology as a renewable energy source.
Biogas: Biogas is a combustible mixture of gases. It consists mainly of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and is formed from the anaerobic bacterial decomposition of organic compounds in absence of oxygen.
Biogas plant (21% by using 10% organic wastes) Fig. 2. Possibility of electricity generation in Bangladesh
Saving energy cost. Earning money by selling biogas. Slurry is the best alternative supplement to chemical fertilizers.
Environmental Prospects: Most of the wastes are stashed outsides can release uncomfortable odors, deleterious air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Besides ammonia emissions from manure can contaminate ground water and lead to eutrophication of the soil. Manure also releases methane and nitrous oxide, two potent greenhouse gases. Using the standard developed by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the warming potential of carbon dioxide over a 100 year time span for methane and nitrous oxide are 21 and 310 times respectively.
GHG Emissions (Tons)
warming are growing concern in the world. To cope up with this situation, the role of renewable energy is becoming more and more significant to meet partially demand of global energy. Biogas is an auspicious renewable energy source to solve the energy crisis problem at a great extent. As Bangladesh is an agricultural country, it has blessed with plenty of biomass which has been used for extracting energy by generating biogas. Animal manures being accessible in the rural areas are greatly used in producing biogas to be used for cooking and electricity. In Bangladesh around 59.6% of the total population is covered by electricity and 6% is covered under natural gas network. About 62.59% of total electricity develops from natural gas. The main concern of this paper is to quantify the solution of energy crisis through biogas and assess the economical, environmental and social impacts of biogas technology in Bangladesh.
Statistics and energy analysis of wastes in Bangladesh:
Poultry Waste Cattle waste Municipal Waste
29.1
0.074
0.71
2015
2020
Year
Total amount of produced biogas (Cubic meter)
Total amount of generated electricity (MW)
2153400
3033
255
0.034
0.71
8670000
12211
21.5
0.076
0.71
1634000
2301
Percentage of electricity generation
Poultry Waste (17.3%) Cattle Dung (69.6%)
Fig. 3. Projections of greenhouse gas emissions
Social Prospects: Better lifestyle. Cooking, lighting and heating purpose. Reduction of Indoor air pollution, respiratory diseases.
Future Prospects: Electricity Generation (MW)
Wastes Type
Amount of Amount of Waste and biogas biogas for 1 KW droppings produced from electricity per day 1 kg of waste generation (Million kg) (Cubic Meter) (kg)
2010
1900 1850 1800 1750 1700 1650 1600 1550 1500 2005
Municipal Waste (13.1%)
Fig. 1. Possibility of electricity generation from organic wastes
Economical, Environmental and Social Prospects: Biogas technologies have great significance for energy access, energy security, deplete dependency on fossil fuels, moderating climate change, sustainability and socio-economic benefits.
Economical Prospects: Bangladesh has installed power plants having electricity generating capacity of 11877 MW where maximum generation is 8177 MW and peak demand is 10283 MW until 2015. Total electricity generated from organic waste is 17420 MW. In 2013 if we could utilize at least 10% of total amount of organic waste, 1754 MW electricity would be produced which was able to fulfill 21% of peak demand out of 8339 MW in Bangladesh.
2010
2015
2020
Year Fig. 4. Graphical representation of possibility of electricity generation; from 10% of total amount of organic wastes in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh has possibility to produce 13100000 cubic meter biogas by utilizing total amount (100%) of organic waste in 2020. If we ensure to utilize at least 10% of it, it will produce 1848 MW electricity which will cover 10.7% of peak electricity demand in 2020.
Conclusion: The outcome of this paper expresses that there is substantial scope for Bangladesh to fulfill its future power demand through biogas. It is high time to work with biogas technology to generate electricity rather than depending entirely on conventional method. Therefore, the government and nongovernment organizations should work together on biogas and biogas technology to solve energy crisis problem.
