status are R, Resident; B, Boreal Migrant; A, Austral Migrant; V, Vagrant. Documentation is ... range (m) status. Localities ...... Dysithamnus mentalis. 2000â3200 ...
Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve* Barry Walker, { Douglas F. Stotz, { Tatiana Pequen˜ o,1 and John W. Fitzpatrick||
Birds known from Manu Biosphere Reserve#, including records with vouchers or sight, sound, or sign records (localities in parentheses). Taxonomy, nomenclature, English names, and sequence follow Remsen et al. (2006), except as noted. Elevational range is given in meters. Localities for records documented during recent NSF-funded surveys of the reserve are presented with those supported by museum vouchers in bold, with sight and sound records appearing in normal font. Codes for seasonal status are R, Resident; B, Boreal Migrant; A, Austral Migrant; V, Vagrant. Documentation is encoded with s, Specimen (an asterisk indicates that a specimen collected during 1999–2001 expeditions was the first specimen for the MBR); r, Recording; p, Photograph; [blank], heard or seen only. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Tinamiformes Tinamidae Gray Tinamou Black Tinamou Great Tinamou White-throated Tinamou Hooded Tinamou Cinereous Tinamou Little Tinamou Brown Tinamou Undulated Tinamou Brazilian Tinamou Black-capped Tinamou Variegated Tinamou Bartlett’s Tinamou Taczanowski’s Tinamou Andean Tinamou
Localities
Mk, AC, Co
Documentation
Tinamus tao Tinamus osgoodi Tinamus major Tinamus guttatus Nothocercus nigrocapillus Crypturellus cinereus Crypturellus soui Crypturellus obsoletus
250–1300 900–1350 250–700 250–1100 1600–3200
R R R R R
250–1000 250–1500 450–2200
R R R
Crypturellus undulatus Crypturellus strigulosus Crypturellus atrocapillus Crypturellus variegatus Crypturellus bartletti Nothoprocta taczanowskii Nothoprocta pentlandii
250–800 350
R R
250–1000
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–500 250–450 3200
R R R
AC AC
s s
2600–4000
R
Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, AC
s s s r r s s s s r
* Preferred citation: Walker, B., D. F. Stotz, T. Pequen˜o, and J. W. Fitzpatrick. 2006. Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, pp. 23–49. In Patterson, B. D., D. F. Stotz, and S. Solari, eds., Mammals and Birds of the Manu Biosphere Reserve, Peru. Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s., No. 110. {
Director, Manu Expeditions, P.O. Box 606, Cusco, Peru´.
{
Conservation Ecologist, Environmental and Conservation Programs, The Field Museum, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, U.S.A. 1
Bio´logo, Calle Federico Gerdes 141, San Miguel, Lima, Peru´.
||
Director, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, 159 Sapsucker Woods Road, Ithaca, NY 14850, U.S.A. # Previously published lists of birds from Manu National Park that were consulted in preparing this list are Terborgh et al, (1984), Karr et al. (1990), Servat (1995), and Walker (1998).
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY, N.S., NO. 110, NOVEMBER 10, 2006, PP. 23–49
23
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Anseriformes Anhimidae Horned Screamer Anatidae Fulvous Whistling-Duck Black-bellied Whistling Duck Andean Goose Orinoco Goose Muscovy Duck Torrent Duck Crested Duck Speckled Teal Yellow-billed Pintail Blue-winged Teal Rosy-billed Pochard1 Masked Duck Galliformes Cracidae Speckled Chachalaca Andean Guan Spix’s Guan Blue-throated Piping-Guan Wattled Guan Sickle-winged Guan Razor-billed Curassow Odontophoridae Rufous-breasted Wood-Quail Stripe-faced Wood-Quail Starred Wood-Quail Podicipediformes Podicipedidae Least Grebe Silvery Grebe Pelecaniformes Phalacrocoracidae Neotropic Cormorant Anhingidae Anhinga Ciconiiformes Ardeidae Rufescent Tiger-Heron Fasciated Tiger-Heron Agami Heron Boat-billed Heron Zigzag Heron Stripe-backed Bittern Least Bittern Black-crowned Night-Heron
24
Anhima cornuta
Localities
Documentation
250–500
R
300 600
V V
3800
R
250–500 250–500 1400–2200 3450
R R R R
3500 3200 350 350 250–500
R R V V R
AA
Ortalis guttata Penelope montagnii
250–1600 900–3200
R R
Penelope jacquacu Pipile cumanensis Aburria aburri Chamaepetes goudotii Mitu tuberosum
250–1500 250–500 650–1600 2800 250–1000
R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, AC, Co Mk SP, Su
s* p s
Mk, Co
s
Odontophorus speciosus Odontophorus balliviani Odontophorus stellatus
1000–2100
R
Co, SP, Su, Pi
s*
800–3100
R
LE, AA
r
250–1050
R
Mk, AC
s
Tachybaptus dominicus Podiceps occipitalis
250–500 250
R V
Phalacrocorax brasilianus
250–3600
R
Anhinga anhinga
250–500
R
Tigrisoma lineatum Tigrisoma fasciatum Agamia agami Cochlearius cochlearius Zebrilus undulatus Ixobrychus involucris Ixobrychus exilis Nycticorax nycticorax
250–600 400–1600 250–500 250–500
R R R R
250–500 300 250–500 250–500
R V R R
Dendrocygna bicolor Dendrocygna autumnalis Chloephaga melanoptera Neochen jubata Cairina moschata Merganetta armata Lophonetta specularioides Anas flavirostris Anas georgica Anas discors Netta peposaca Nomonyx dominica
p
p p SP, Su AA
p
s s
p
Mk, AC, Co
p p
Mk Mk, AC, Co, Su AC
s s p s p
Mk, AC
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Striated Heron Cattle Egret Cocoi Heron Great Egret Capped Heron Snowy Egret Little Blue Heron Threskiornithidae Puna Ibis Green Ibis Black-faced Ibis Roseate Spoonbill Ciconiidae Jabiru Wood Stork Cathartidae Turkey Vulture Greater Yellow-headed Vulture Black Vulture King Vulture Andean Condor Phoenicopteriformes Phoenicopteridae Puna Flamingo Falconiformes Accipitridae Osprey Gray-headed Kite Hook-billed Kite Swallow-tailed Kite Pearl Kite Snail Kite Slender-billed Kite Double-toothed Kite Mississippi Kite Plumbeous Kite Cinereous Harrier Long-winged Harrier Gray-bellied Hawk Tiny Hawk Semicollared Hawk Sharp-shinned Hawk Bicolored Hawk Crane Hawk Slate-colored Hawk White-browed Hawk White Hawk Gray Hawk Great Black-Hawk Solitary Eagle Black-collared Hawk
Butorides striata Bubulcus ibis Ardea cocoi Ardea alba Pilherodius pileatus Egretta thula Egretta caerulea
Localities
Documentation
250–800 250–1500 250–500 250–500 250–500 250–500 250–600
R R R R R R R
Plegadis ridgwayi (450) 3400–3500 Mesembrinibis 250–500 cayennensis Theristicus melanopis 3500 Platalea ajaja 250–500
R R
Jabiru mycteria Mycteria americana
250–500 250–500
R R
Cathartes aura Cathartes melambrotus
250–2700 250–1100
R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co
Coragyps atratus Sarcoramphus papa Vultur gryphus
250–1300 250–900 3500
R R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC
Phoenicoparrus jamesi
350
V
Pandion haliaetus Leptodon cayanensis Chondrohierax uncinatus Elanoides forficatus Gampsonyx swainsonii Rostrhamus sociabilis Rostrhamus hamatus Harpagus bidentatus Ictinia mississippiensis Ictinia plumbea Circus cinereus Circus buffoni Accipiter poliogaster Accipiter superciliosus Accipiter collaris Accipiter striatus
250–500 250–600 250–2000
B R R
250–2000 250–500 250–500 250–500 250–1350 250–500 250–1450 2900–4000 300 250–500 250–500 1100–2500 900–3500
R R R R R B R R V R R R R
250–1300 250–500
R R
250–500
R
250–500 500–1500 250–1200 250–500 700–2100
R R R R R
Mk, AC Co, SP, Su
p
250–500
R
Mk
p
Accipiter bicolor Geranospiza caerulescens Leucopternis schistacea Leucopternis kuhli Leucopternis albicollis Asturina nitida Buteogallus urubitinga Harpyhaliaetus solitarius Busarellus nigricollis
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
s Mk Mk, Mk, Mk, Mk, Mk
AC AC AC AC
s p p
p
R R p s p
p
AC Mk, SP Mk, AC, Co, SP
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
Mk, AC, Co, SP LE
s
Mk, AC SP Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA
s s s
Mk
25
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Black-chested Buzzard-Eagle Roadside Hawk Broad-winged Hawk White-rumped Hawk Short-tailed Hawk White-throated Hawk Swainson’s Hawk Red-backed Hawk Puna Hawk Zone-tailed Hawk Crested Eagle Harpy Eagle Black-and-white Hawk-Eagle Black Hawk-Eagle Ornate Hawk-Eagle Black-and-chestnut Eagle
Geranoaetus melanoleucus Buteo magnirostris Buteo platypterus Buteo leucorrhous Buteo brachyurus Buteo albigula Buteo swainsoni Buteo polyosoma Buteo poecilochrous Buteo albonotatus Morphnus guianensis Harpia harpyja Spizastur melanoleucus
R
250–2500 250–3000 1400–3500 250–1100 1500–3400 250–650 2000–3500 3500–3800 250–500 250–850 250–500 250–1300
R B R R R B R R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP LE
Su, AA
s
250–1100 250–1100 900–3600
R R R
Mk, AC AC SP, Pi, LE
s
250–600 250–1250 2850–3500
R R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC. Co, SP LE, AA
s r
450 350 250–1000
V V R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–2000 250–1000 250–500 250–1200
R R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su Mk, Co
s s r r
250–600 2200–3500 250–1500 250–750 2500–3500 350–3000
R R R R R R
Mk Su Mk, AC
Aramus guarauna
250–500
R
Psophia leucoptera
250–1050
R
AC
s
Aramides cajanea Amaurolimnas concolor Anurolimnas fasciatus Laterallus melanophaius Laterallus exilis Pardirallus maculatus Pardirallus nigricans Gallinula chloropus Porphyrio martinica Porphyrio flavirostris
250–1450 250–1000
R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, Co
s r
500 250–800
R R
Mk Mk, Co
s
250–600 250–500 250–600 300 250–500 250–300
R V R R R A
Heliornis fulica
250–500
R
Spizaetus tyrannus Spizaetus ornatus Oroaetus isidori
Daptrius ater Ibycter americanus Phalcoboenus megalopterus Southern Caracara Polyborus plancus Yellow-headed Caracara Milvago chimachima Laughing Falcon Herpetotheres cachinnans Barred Forest-Falcon Micrastur ruficollis Lined Forest-Falcon Micrastur gilvicollis Slaty-backed Forest-Falcon Micrastur mirandollei Collared Forest-Falcon Micrastur semitorquatus Buckley’s Forest-Falcon Micrastur buckleyi American Kestrel Falco sparverius Bat Falcon Falco rufigularis Orange-breasted Falcon Falco deiroleucus Aplomado Falcon Falco femoralis Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus
Black-banded Crake Rufous-sided Crake Gray-breasted Crake Spotted Rail Blackish Rail Common Moorhen Purple Gallinule Azure Gallinule Heliornithidae Sungrebe
26
Documentation
2600–4000
Falconidae Black Caracara Red-throated Caracara Mountain Caracara
Gruiformes Aramidae Limpkin Psophiidae Pale-winged Trumpeter Rallidae Gray-necked Wood-Rail Uniform Crake
Localities
s
AC Su
SP
s r
AA Pi
p
r r Mk
s s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Charadriiformes Eurypygidae Sunbittern Jacanidae Wattled Jacana Himantopidae Black-necked Stilt Charadriidae Pied Lapwing Andean Lapwing American Golden-Plover Black-bellied Plover Collared Plover Scolopacidae Puna Snipe Andean Snipe Short-billed Dowitcher Upland Sandpiper Greater Yellowlegs Lesser Yellowlegs Solitary Sandpiper Spotted Sandpiper Ruddy Turnstone Sanderling Least Sandpiper White-rumped Sandpiper Baird’s Sandpiper Pectoral Sandpiper Stilt Sandpiper Buff-breasted Sandpiper Wilson’s Phalarope Laridae Andean Gull Franklin’s Gull Arctic Tern Yellow-billed Tern Black Tern Large-billed Tern Black Skimmer Columbiformes Columbidae Ruddy Ground-Dove Picui Ground-Dove Blue Ground-Dove Maroon-chested Ground-Dove Bare-faced Ground-Dove Spot-winged Pigeon Band-tailed Pigeon Pale-vented Pigeon Plumbeous Pigeon Ruddy Pigeon Eared Dove Gray-fronted Dove Sapphire Quail-Dove
Localities
Eurypyga helias
250–1600
R
Jacana jacana
250–300
R
Himantopus mexicanus
250–1000
V
Vanellus cayanus Vanellus resplendens Pluvialis dominica Pluvialis squatarola Charadrius collaris
250–500 3500 250–2000 350–500 250–500
R R B B R
2700–4000 2700–3550 300 250–500 250–2850 250–600 250–3450 250–3500 450–500 250–500 300 250–3450 250–3450 250–500 250–500 250–500 250–3450
R R V B B B B B B B V B B B B B B
(300) 3300–3500 350 350 250–500 600 250–500 250–500
R V V R V R R
Columbina talpacoti Columbina picui Claravis pretiosa Claravis mondetoura
250–700 250–500 250–600 1900–2500
R R R R
Metriopelia ceciliae Patagioenas maculosa Patagioenas fasciata Patagioenas cayennensis Patagioenas plumbea Patagioenas subvinacea Zenaida auriculata (250) Leptotila rufaxilla Geotrygon saphirina
2000–2200 3500–4000 1200–3500 250–900
R R R R
Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, AC, Co
s r
250–1800 250–1550
R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co, SP
s s
3000–3300 250–1250 600–1000
R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Co
s
Gallinago andina Gallinago jamesoni Limnodromus griseus Bartramia longicauda Tringa melanoleuca Tringa flavipes Tringa solitaria Actitis macularius Arenaria interpres Calidris alba Calidris minutilla Calidris fuscicollis Calidris bairdii Calidris melanotos Calidris himantopus Tryngites subruficollis Phalaropus tricolor Larus serranus Larus pipixcan Sterna paradisaea Sterna superciliaris Chlidonias niger Phaetusa simplex Rynchops niger
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
Mk, AC, Co, SP
Documentation
s p
s
Mk
s
Pi, LE
s r s s
Mk, AC, LE AC Mk, AC, AA Mk, AC, Co, SP, AA
s s
AA
s s
AA
p
AA Mk, AC Mk, AC
p p p p
s Su, LE
s*
Su
27
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status White-throated Quail-Dove Ruddy Quail-Dove Psittaciformes Psittacidae Blue-and-yellow Macaw Military Macaw Scarlet Macaw Red-and-green Macaw Chestnut-fronted Macaw Red-bellied Macaw Blue-headed Macaw Mitred Parakeet White-eyed Parakeet Dusky-headed Parakeet Golden-plumed Parakeet Painted Parakeet Rock Parakeet Barred Parakeet Andean Parakeet Dusky-billed Parrotlet Cobalt-winged Parakeet Tui Parakeet Amazonian Parrotlet Scarlet-shouldered Parrotlet White-bellied Parrot Orange-cheeked Parrot Blue-headed Parrot Speckle-faced Parrot Yellow-crowned Parrot Scaly-naped Parrot Mealy Parrot Opisthocomiformes Opisthocomidae Hoatzin Cuculiformes Cuculidae Ash-colored Cuckoo Black-billed Cuckoo Yellow-billed Cuckoo Dark-billed Cuckoo Squirrel Cuckoo Black-bellied Cuckoo Little Cuckoo Greater Ani Smooth-billed Ani Striped Cuckoo Pheasant Cuckoo
28
Localities
Documentation
Geotrygon frenata
700–2850
R
Co, SP, Su, LE
s
Geotrygon montana
250–1200
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
Ara ararauna Ara militaris Ara macao Ara chloropterus Ara severus Orthopsittaca manilata Primolius couloni Aratinga mitrata Aratinga leucophthalma Aratinga weddellii Leptosittaca branickii Pyrrhura picta Pyrrhura rupicola Bolborhynchus lineola Bolborhynchus orbygnesius Forpus sclateri Brotogeris cyanoptera Brotogeris sanctithomae Nannopsittaca dachilleae Touit huetii
250–1000 600–1500 250–1000 250–1050 250–1200 250–650 250–1300 2000–3200 250–1650
R R R R R R R R R
Mk, Co Mk, Mk, Mk, AC Mk, AA Mk,
AC
p
AC AC AC, Co
p p s
AC, Co
s
AC, Co, SP
s
250–700 2500–3250 250–1000 250–1100 1100–2550 2500–3500
R R R R R R
Mk, AC
250–500 250–500 250–500
R R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC
r s
250–1050
R
Mk, AC
r
300–1300
R
Pionites leucogaster Pionopsitta barrabandi Pionus menstruus Pionus tumultuosus Amazona ochrocephala Amazona mercenaria
250–500 250–500 250–1250 1100–3000 250–850 1100–3100
R R R R R R
Amazona farinosa
250–1200
R
Opisthocomus hoazin
250–500
R
Coccyzus cinereus Coccyzus erythropthalmus Coccyzus americanus Coccyzus melacoryphus Piaya cayana
250–600 250–500
A B
Mk AC
250–1000 250–700
B R
Co Mk
s
250–2800
R
s
Piaya melanogaster Piaya minuta Crotophaga major Crotophaga ani Tapera naevia Dromococcyx phasianellus
250–900 250–600 250–500 250–800 250–500 250–1000
R R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi Mk, AC Mk
Mk, AC AC Co, SP, Su, Pi LE
s r s s
s Mk, AC Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, AC Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, AC, Co
s p s s* s r s
s
s
Mk, AC, Co
s* s p s
Mk
r
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Pavonine Cuckoo Rufous-vented Ground-Cuckoo Strigiformes Tytonidae Barn Owl Strigidae Tropical Screech-Owl Rufescent Screech-Owl Tawny-bellied Screech-Owl Vermiculated Screech-Owl White-throated Screech-Owl Crested Owl Spectacled Owl Band-bellied Owl Great Horned Owl Mottled Owl Black-banded Owl Rufous-banded Owl Yungas Pygmy-Owl Subtropical Pygmy-Owl Amazonian Pygmy-Owl Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Burrowing Owl Striped Owl Caprimulgiformes Steatornithidae Oilbird Nyctibiidae Great Potoo Long-tailed Potoo Gray Potoo Andean Potoo Caprimulgidae Short-tailed Nighthawk
Documentation
Dromococcyx pavoninus Neomorphus geoffroyi
250–900
R
r
250–700
R
p
Tyto alba
500–3500
R
Pi, AA
Megascops choliba Megascops ingens Megascops watsonii
250–500 1000–2100 250–600
R R R
AC Co, SP, Su Mk, AC
s s
Megascops guatemalae Megascops albogularis
600–1600 2500–3250
R R
Co LE
s s*
Lophostrix cristata Pulsatrix perspicillata Pulsatrix melanota Bubo virginianus Ciccaba virgata Ciccaba huhula Ciccaba albitarsis Glaucidium bolivianum Glaucidium parkeri Glaucidium hardyi Glaucidium brasilianum Athene cunicularia (500) Pseudoscops clamator
250–700 250–600 650–1400 3400–3500 250–1050 250–500 1900–3200 1500–3500 1000 250–1150 250–1000
R R R R R R R R R R R
AC Co
s r r
1900–3500 300
R R
Su
450–800
R
AC
s*
250–600 250–500 250–500 1400–2800
R R R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co Pi
r s* r r/p
250–500
R
AC
1500–3450 250–500 300 250–800 250–1000 250–350
R R B R R R
SP, Su, LE, AA Mk Mk, AC Mk, AC
s s r
1700–3500
R
Pi
s*
600–1200
R
250–500
R
Mk
s
250–1700 2000–3500 1300–2800
R R R
Pi, LE, AA SP, LE
s s* s
600–1950
R
SU
s*
Steatornis caripensis Nyctibius Nyctibius Nyctibius Nyctibius
grandis aethereus griseus maculosus
Lurocalis semitorquatus Rufous-bellied Nighthawk Lurocalis rufiventris Sand-colored Nighthawk Chordeiles rupestris Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis Ocellated Poorwill Nyctiphrynus ocellatus Silky-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus sericocaudatus Band-winged Nightjar Caprimulgus longirostris Blackish Nightjar Caprimulgus nigrescens Ladder-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis climacocerca Scissor-tailed Nightjar Hydropsalis torquata Swallow-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis segmentata Lyre-tailed Nightjar Uropsalis lyra
Apodiformes Apodidae White-chinned Swift
Localities
Cypseloides cryptus
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
Mk, Co Su, Pi, LE Su, Pi, LE Mk
s r s* s r r s
s
r
29
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status
Documentation
White-chested Swift Chestnut-collared Swift
Cypselodes lemosi Streptoprocne rutila
350–900 250–3000
R R
White-collared Swift
Streptoprocne zonaris
250–4000
R
Chaetura cinereiventris Chaetura egregia Chaetura pelagica Chaetura viridipennis Chaetura brachyura Aeronautes montivagus Aeronautes andecolus Tachornis squamata Panyptila cayennensis
250–1450 250–1600 250–500 500–600 250–1000 1800–3000 2800–3500 250–800 250–800
R R B R R R R R R
Eutoxeres condamini Glaucis hirsutus Threnetes leucurus Phaethornis ruber Phaethornis stuarti Phaethornis hispidus Phaethornis guy Phaethornis koepckeae Phaethornis philippii Phaethornis malaris Doryfera johannae Doryfera ludovicae Campylopterus largipennis Florisuga mellivora Colibri delphinae Colibri thalassinus Colibri coruscans
450–1950 250–1000 250–1200 250–1400 450 250–1400 550–1600 500–1300 250–500 250–1350 500–1000 800–1900 250–1300
R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP, SU Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co MK, AC, Co
250–1200 800–1700 1000–2850 400–3500
R R R R
Mk, AC, Co
250–800
R
500–1000
R
500–1900 250–400 500–1500 250 500–900 250–900
R R R R R R
Su
250–1400 500 250–500 250–1550 750–1500
R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
Mk, AC, Co, SP Co
s s
1100–3400
R
1500–2500
R
SP
250–1400
R
Mk, SP
s*
1000–2800
R
Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE
s
Gray-rumped Swift Pale-rumped Swift Chimney Swift Amazonian Swift Short-tailed Swift White-tipped Swift Andean Swift Fork-tailed Palm-Swift Lesser Swallow-tailed Swift Trochilidae Buff-tailed Sicklebill Rufous-breasted Hermit Pale-tailed Barbthroat Reddish Hermit2 White-browed Hermit White-bearded Hermit Green Hermit Koepcke’s Hermit Needle-billed Hermit Great-billed Hermit Blue-fronted Lancebill Green-fronted Lancebill Gray-breasted Sabrewing White-necked Jacobin Brown Violet-ear Green Violet-ear Sparkling Violet-ear Black-throated Mango Violet-headed Hummingbird Rufous-crested Coquette Festive Coquette Wire-crested Thorntail Black-bellied Thorntail Blue-chinned Sapphire Blue-tailed Emerald
Anthracothorax nigricollis Klais guimeti
Lophornis delattrei Lophornis chalybeus Discosura popelairii Discosura langsdorffi Chlorestes notata Chlorostilbon mellisugus Fork-tailed Woodnymph Thalurania furcata Rufous-throated Sapphire Hylocharis sapphirina White-chinned Sapphire Hylocharis cyanus Golden-tailed Sapphire Chrysuronia oenone Many-spotted Taphrospilus Hummingbird hypostictus White-bellied Amazilia chionogaster Hummingbird Green-and-white Amazilia viridicauda Hummingbird Sapphire-spangled Amazilia lactea Emerald Speckled Hummingbird Adelomyia melanogenys
30
Localities Mk, AC, Co, SP, SU, Pi, LE Mk, AC, Co, SP, SU, LE, AA Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, Co
s s s s
Mk, Co
Mk
Mk, AC, Co, SP Co, SP Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co, SP Co, SP, Su Mk, AC, Co
Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su, LE, AA Mk
s s s s s s s s s s p s s s s s s
s p p p
Co Co AC, Co
s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Peruvian Piedtail Rufous-webbed Brilliant Black-throated Brilliant Gould’s Jewelfront Fawn-breasted Brilliant Violet-fronted Brilliant Chestnut-breasted Coronet Shining Sunbeam White-tufted Sunbeam Andean Hillstar Mountain Velvetbreast Bronzy Inca Collared Inca Violet-throated Starfrontlet Sword-billed Hummingbird Great Sapphirewing Giant Hummingbird Amethyst-throated Sunangel Sapphire-vented Puffleg Buff-thighed Puffleg Booted Racket-tail Green-tailed Trainbearer Purple-backed Thornbill Tyrian Metaltail Scaled Metaltail Rufous-capped Thornbill Long-tailed Sylph Wedge-billed Hummingbird Black-eared Fairy Long-billed Starthroat Amethyst Woodstar White-bellied Woodstar Trogoniformes Trogonidae White-tailed Trogon Blue-crowned Trogon Violaceous Trogon Collared Trogon Masked Trogon Black-tailed Trogon Pavonine Quetzal Golden-headed Quetzal Crested Quetzal Coraciiformes Alcedinidae Ringed Kingfisher Amazon Kingfisher Green Kingfisher
Phlogophilus harterti Heliodoxa branickii Heliodoxa schreibersii Heliodoxa aurescens Helidoxia rubinoides Heliodoxa leadbeateri Boissonneaua matthewsii Aglaeactis cupripennis Aglaeactis castelnaudii Oreotrochilus estella Lafresnaya lafresnaya Coeligena coeligena Coeligena torquata Coeligena violifer
750–1500 650–1400 600–1250 250–1050 1500–2200 900–2000 1900–2900
R R R R R R R
2500–3350 2500–3500 3000–3500 2000–3200 1000–2400 2000–3000 1900–3350
R R R R R R R
Ensifera ensifera
2500–3500
Pterophanes cyanopterus Patagona gigas Heliangelus amethysticollis Eriocnemis luciani Haplophaedia assimilis Ocreatus underwoodii Lesbia nuna Ramphomicron microrhynchum Metallura tyrianthina Metallura aeneocauda Chalcostigma ruficeps Aglaiocercus kingi Schistes geoffroyi Heliothryx aurita Heliomaster longirostris Calliphlox amethystina Chaetocercus mulsant
Trogon Trogon Trogon Trogon Trogon
viridis curucui violaceus collaris personatus
Trogon melanurus Pharomachrus pavoninus Pharomachrus auriceps Pharomachrus antisianus Ceryle torquata Chloroceryle amazona Chloroceryle americana
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
Localities
Documentation
Mk, AC, Co SP, Su Co, SP, Su Su, Pi, LE
s s s s s* s s
Pi, LE, AA
S*
LE Co, SP, Su, Pi Pi, LE Su, Pi, LE, AA
S* s s s
R
Pi, LE, AA
s*
2600–3500
R
Pi, LE, AA
s*
3400–3500 1950–3500
R R
AA Su, Pi, LE, AA
s
2400–3450 1500–2200 1000–1850 3000–3500 2500–3500
R R R R R
Pi, AA SP, Su Co, SP, Su
s s s
1900–3500 2750–3500 1800–2700 1200–2200 800–1900
R R R R R
Su, Pi, LE, AA Pi Su, Pi, LE SP, Su Co, SP
s
250–1100 250–600
R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC
s
250–800 900–3000
R R
Co Co, SP, Su
p s
250–750 250–1500 250–800 250–1050 1100–3500
R R R R R
r s s s s
250–1000 250–1200
R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, AC, Co AC
s s
1300–2800 1000–2100
R R
SP, Su, Pi, LE SP, Su
s* s*
250–1000 250–1300 250–1350
R R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC
p s s
Co
s s s
31
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Green-and-rufous Kingfisher American Pygmy Kingfisher Momotidae Broad-billed Motmot Rufous Motmot Blue-crowned Motmot Highland Motmot3 Galbuliformes Galbulidae Purus Jacamar White-throated Jacamar Bluish-fronted Jacamar Paradise Jacamar Great Jacamar Bucconidae White-necked Puffbird
250–500
R
Mk, AC
s
Chloroceryle aenea
250–500
R
Mk
s
Electron platyrhynchum Baryphthengus martii Momotus momota Momotus aequatorialis
250–700
R
AC
s
250–1600 250–700 1000–2400
R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC Co, SP, Su,
s s s
250–400
R
250–600
R
Mk, AC
s
250–1450 250–500 250–500
R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
AC
s*
250–550
R
AC
r
250–500 250–1000 250–500 250–500 250–1200 250–1250 900–1950
R R R R R R R
Mk, AC
s s
Mk, AC, Co AC, Co SP, Su
s s s
500–1500
R
Co
s
250–1250 250–750 250–750 250–1250 250–800
R R R R R
Mk, Mk, AC Mk, Mk,
250–1350 250–1000 250–800 750–2100
R R R R
AC Mk, AC, Co Mk Co, SP, Su
s s s s
250–800 250–600 250–1500
R R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co, SP
s s s
800–1550
R
Co, SP
s
1300–2700
R
SP, Su, Pi, LE
s*
1450–3500
R
Pi, LE, AA
s*
250–1050 250–500 250–1200 250–1000
R R R R
Mk, AC Mk AC, Co Mk, AC, Co
s p s s
Galbalcyrhynchus purusianus Brachygalba albogularis Galbula cyanescens Galbula dea Jacamerops aureus
Capito auratus Eubucco richardsoni Eubucco tucinkae Eubucco versicolor
Ramphastos tucanus Ramphastos vitellinus Aulacorhynchus prasinus Chestnut-tipped Toucanet Aulacorhynchus derbianus Blue-banded Toucanet Aulacorhynchus coeruleicinctis Gray-breasted Andigena hypoglauca Mountain-Toucan Golden-collared Toucanet Selenidera reinwardtii Lettered Aracari Pteroglossus inscriptus Ivory-billed Aracari Pteroglossus azara Chestnut-eared Aracari Pteroglossus castanotis
32
Documentation
Chloroceryle inda
Notharchus hyperrhynchus Pied Puffbird Notharchus tectus Chestnut-capped Puffbird Bucco macrodactylus Spotted Puffbird Bucco tamatia Collared Puffbird Bucco capensis Striolated Puffbird Nystalus striolatus Semicollared Puffbird Malacoptila semicincta Black-streaked Puffbird Malacoptila fulvogularis Lanceolated Monklet Micromonacha lanceolata Rufous-capped Nunlet Nonnula ruficapilla Black-fronted Nunbird Monasa nigrifrons White-fronted Nunbird Monasa morphoeus Yellow-billed Nunbird Monasa flavirostris Swallow-wing Chelidoptera tenebrosa
Piciformes Capitonidae Gilded Barbet Lemon-throated Barbet Scarlet-hooded Barbet Versicolored Barbet Ramphastidae White-throated Toucan Channel-billed Toucan Emerald Toucanet
Localities
r
Co AC Co AC, Co
s s s s* s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Curl-crested Aracari
Pteroglossus beauharnaesii
Localities
Documentation
250–800
R
AC
s
250–1250 1950
R R
AC Su
s
250–1250 450–1100 250–1200 2400–3500 250–1000 250–1400 250–850
R R R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co LE, AA Mk, AC, Co AC, Co AC
s s s s s s s
250–500 750–2000 1500–3350
R R R
SP, Su SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA
s s*
250–800 3000–3500 250–1200
R R R
Mk, AC
s
250–500 250–500
R R
Mk, AC
s r/p
250–500
R
Mk
s
250–500 250–1550 1450–2000
R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP SP, Su
r s s
300–650
R
Mk, AC
s
250–1400
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
Geositta tenuirostris Cinclodes fuscus Furnarius leucopus Leptasthenura andicola Schizoeaca helleri Synallaxis azarae Synallaxis albescens Synallaxis albigularis Synallaxis rutilans Synallaxis cherriei
3100–3500 3350–3500 250–1100 3500 2700–3500 1000–3000 600 250–900 250–400 300
R R R R R R V R R R
AA Mk, AC, Co
s* s
LE, AA Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE
s s
Mk, Co
s r s
Synallaxis cabanisi Synallaxis gujanensis Cranioleuca marcapatae Ash-browed Spinetail Cranioleuca curtata Speckled Spinetail Cranioleuca gutturata Creamy-crested Spinetail Cranioleuca albicapilla Plain Softtail Thripophaga fusciceps Streak-throated Canastero Asthenes humilis Line-fronted Canastero Asthenes urubambensis Scribble-tailed Canastero Asthenes maculicauda
250–1500 250–1300 2350–3500
R R R
Mk, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co, SP Pi, LE, AA
s s s
700–1600 250–1100 2500–3300 250–600 3500 3350–3450 3450–3500
R R R R R R R
Co, SP Mk, AC, Co Pi Mk
s s s r
AA AA
s p
Picidae Bar-breasted Piculet Ocellated Piculet
Picumnus aurifrons Picumnus dorbignyanus Rufous-breasted Piculet Picumnus rufiventris Fine-barred Piculet Picumnus subtilis Yellow-tufted Woodpecker Melanerpes cruentatus Bar-bellied Woodpecker Veniliornis nigriceps Little Woodpecker Veniliornis passerinus Red-stained Woodpecker Veniliornis affinis White-throated Piculus leucolaemus Woodpecker Golden-green Woodpecker Piculus chrysochloros Golden-olive Woodpecker Piculus rubiginosus Crimson-mantled Piculus rivolii Woodpecker Spot-breasted Woodpecker Colaptes punctigula Andean Flicker Colaptes rupicola Scaly-breasted Celeus grammicus Woodpecker Chestnut Woodpecker Celeus elegans Cream-colored Celeus flavus Woodpecker Rufous-headed Celeus spectabilis Woodpecker Ringed Woodpecker Celeus torquatus Lineated Woodpecker Dryocopus lineatus Crimson-bellied Campephilus Woodpecker haematogaster Red-necked Woodpecker Campephilus rubricollis Crimson-crested Campephilus Woodpecker melanoleucos
Passeriformes Furnariidae Slender-billed Miner Bar-winged Cinclodes Pale-legged Hornero Andean Tit-Spinetail Puna Thistletail Azara’s Spinetail Pale-breasted Spinetail Dark-breasted Spinetail Ruddy Spinetail Chestnut-throated Spinetail Cabanis’ Spinetail Plain-crowned Spinetail Marcapata Spinetail
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
s
33
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Orange-fronted Plushcrown Rusty-winged Barbtail Spotted Barbtail
Metopothrix aurantiacus Premnornis guttuligera Premnoplex brunnescens Pearled Treerunner Margarornis squamiger Streaked Tuftedcheek Pseudocolaptes boissonneautii Point-tailed Palmcreeper Berlepschia rikeri Montane Foliage-gleaner Anabacerthia striaticollis Buff-browed Syndactyla Foliage-gleaner rufosuperciliata Peruvian Recurvebill Simoxenops ucayalae Chestnut-winged Hookbill Ancistrops strigilatus Striped Woodhaunter Hyloctistes subulatus Rufous-tailed Philydor ruficaudatum Foliage-gleaner Rufous-rumped Philydor Foliage-gleaner erythrocercum Philydor ochrogaster Ochre-bellied 4 Foliage-gleaner Chestnut-winged Philydor Foliage-gleaner erythropterum Buff-fronted Philydor rufum Foliage-gleaner Cinnamon-rumped Philydor pyrrhodes Foliage-gleaner Dusky-cheeked Anabazenops dorsalis Foliage-gleaner Black-billed Treehunter Thripadectes melanorhynchus Striped Treehunter Thripadectes holostictus Buff-throated Treehunter Thripadectes scrutator Buff-throated Automolus Foliage-gleaner ochrolaemus Olive-backed Automolus infuscatus Foliage-gleaner Brown-rumped Automolus Foliage-gleaner melanopezus Ruddy Foliage-gleaner Automolus rubiginosus Chestnut-crowned Automolus rufipileatus Foliage-gleaner Tawny-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus mexicanus Black-tailed Leaftosser Sclerurus caudacutus Gray-throated Leaftosser Sclerurus albigularis Sharp-tailed Streamcreeper Lochmias nematura Rufous-tailed Xenops Slender-billed Xenops Streaked Xenops Plain Xenops Tyrannine Woodcreeper
Xenops milleri Xenops tenuirostris Xenops rutilans Xenops minutus Dendrocincla tyrannina Plain-brown Woodcreeper Dendrocincla fuliginosa White-chinned Dendrocincla merula Woodcreeper
34
Localities
Documentation
250–1100
R
Mk
s
1300–2500 900–2100
R R
Su Co, SP, Su
s* s
1900–3500
R
Su, Pi, LE, AA
s
2000–3500
R
Su, Pi, LE, AA
s*
250–600 1000–2000
R R
SP, Su
r s
1000–1950
R
SP, Su
s
250–1300 250–1100 250–1300 250–900
R R R R
Mk, Co Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC AC
s s s s
250–500
R
AC
s
750–1600
R
Co, SP
s
250–900
R
Mk, AC
s
250–1000
R
Mk
s
250–450
R
AC
s
250–1350
R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
900–1600
R
Co, SP
s
1500–2500
R
SP, Su
s
2300–3200 250–1400
R R
Pi, AA Mk, AC, Co
s* s
250–550
R
Mk, AC
s
250–450
R
250–1400 250–1000
R R
Mk, Co Mk, AC, Co
s s
250–1100 250–1100 350–1500 500–2850
R R R R
AC, Co AC
s s s s
250–500 250–500 500–1600 250–1500 2100–3150
s
R R R R R
AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE Mk AC AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co Su, Pi, LE, AA
s s s s
250–1200
R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
250–500
R
Mk, AC
s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Long-tailed Woodcreeper
Deconychura longicauda Olivaceous Woodcreeper Sittasomus griseicapillus Wedge-billed Woodcreeper Glyphorynchus spirurus Long-billed Woodcreeper Nasica longirostris Cinnamon-throated Dendrexetastes Woodcreeper rufigula Bar-bellied Woodcreeper Hylexetastes stresemanni Strong-billed Woodcreeper Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus Xiphocolaptes Rusty-breasted 5 orenocensis Woodcreeper Amazonian Barred Dendrocolaptes certhia Woodcreeper Black-banded Dendrocolaptes Woodcreeper picumnus Straight-billed Xiphorhynchus picus Woodcreeper Striped Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus obsoletus Ocellated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus ocellatus Elegant Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus elegans Buff-throated Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus guttatus Olive-backed Woodcreeper Xiphorhynchus triangularis Montane Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes lacrymiger Lineated Woodcreeper Lepidocolaptes albolineatus Greater Scythebill Campylorhamphus pucherani Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris Thamnophilidae Fasciated Antshrike Cymbilaimus lineatus Bamboo Antshrike Cymbilaimus sanctaemariae Undulated Antshrike Frederickena unduligera Great Antshrike Taraba major Barred Antshrike Thamnophilus doliatus Chestnut-backed Thamnophilus palliatus Antshrike White-shouldered Thamnophilus aethiops Antshrike Uniform Antshrike Thamnophilus unicolor Plain-winged Antshrike Thamnophilus schistaceus Amazonian Antshrike Thamnophilus amazonicus Variable Antshrike Thamnophilus caerulescens Black Bushbird Neoctantes niger Russet Antshrike Thamnistes anabatinus Plain Antvireo Dysithamnus mentalis
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
Localities
Documentation
250–1250
R
AC
s
250–1200
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–1400
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–500 250–1100
R R
Mk, AC, Co
s s
250–500
R
1200–2500
R
SP, Su, Pi
s
500–1100
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–800
R
Mk, AC
s
250–1350
R
250–500
R
250–500
R
250–1350
R
Co
s
250–600 250–850
R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co
s s
1100–2400
R
SP, Su
s
2000–3200
R
Su, Pi, LE, AA
s
250–1100
R
Mk, AC
s
2100–3000
R
250–1500
R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
250–950 250–1450
R R
Mk, AC Mk, Co, SP
s s
250–1050
R
250–1500 250–1000 500–1600
R R R
Mk, AC, Co AC Mk, Co, SP
s s s
250–950
R
Mk, AC
s
1250–2000 250–1400
R R
SP, Su Mk, AC, Co, SP
s s
250–400
R
1250–2000
R
Su
s
250–800 700–1500 600–1600
R R R
Co, SP Co, SP
s s s
s Mk
s s
r
s
r
35
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Dusky-throated Antshrike Thamnomanes ardesiacus Bluish-slate Antshrike Thamnomanes schistogynus Spot-winged Antshrike Pygiptila stellaris White-eyed Antwren Myrmotherula leucophthalma Foothill Antwren Myrmotherula spodionota Ornate Antwren Myrmotherula ornata Rufous-tailed Antwren Myrmotherula erythrura Pygmy Antwren Myrmotherula brachyura Sclater’s Antwren Myrmotherula sclateri Amazonian Streaked Myrmotherula Antwren multostriata Stripe-chested Antwren Myrmotherula longicauda Plain-throated Antwren Myrmotherula hauxwelli White-flanked Antwren Myrmotherula axillaris Slaty Antwren Myrmotherula schisticolor Long-winged Antwren Myrmotherula longipennis Ihering’s Antwren Myrmotherula iheringi Gray Antwren Myrmotherula menetriesii Banded Antbird Dichrozona cincta Yellow-breasted Antwren Herpsilochmus axillaris Rufous-winged Antwren Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus Dot-winged Antwren Microrhopias quixensis Striated Antbird Drymophila devillei Long-tailed Antbird Drymophila caudata Rufous-rumped Antwren Terenura callinota Chestnut-shouldered Terenura humeralis Antwren Yellow-rumped Antwren Terenura sharpei Gray Antbird Cercomacra cinerascens Blackish Antbird Cercomacra nigrescens Black Antbird Cercomacra serva Manu Antbird Cercomacra manu White-backed Fire-eye Pyriglena leuconota White-browed Antbird Myrmoborus leucophrys Black-faced Antbird Myrmoborus myotherinus Warbling Antbird Hypocnemis cantator Band-tailed Antbird Hypocnemoides maculicauda Silvered Antbird Sclateria naevia White-lined Antbird Percnostola lophotes Spot-winged Antbird Schistocichla leucostigma Chestnut-tailed Antbird Myrmeciza hemimelaena
36
Localities
Documentation
250–850
R
AC
s
250–1400
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–600 250–800
R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC
s s
700–1350
R
Co
s
250–1500 250–900
R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC
s s
250–1300
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–700 250–500
R R
AC Mk, AC
s* r
500–1550
R
Co, SP
s
250–500
R
Mk, AC
s
250–1400 1100–1950
R R
Mk, AC Co, SP, Su
s s
250–700
R
AC
s
250–650 250–1100
R R
Mk Mk, AC, Co
s s
250–450 750–1600
R R
Co, SP
r s
250–1000
R
Mk, AC
s
250–1350 250–1300 1650–2100 750–1000 250–650
R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk Su
s s s*
AC
r
1000–1550 250–1000
R R
Co, SP Mk, AC
250–600 250–1550 250–1350 500–1850 250–1350
R R R R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, Co Co, SP Mk, AC. Co
s s s s s
250–1250
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–1600 250–500
R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s s
250–600 250–1350 250–1400
R R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co Mk, Co, SP
s s s
250–1550
R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
r/p s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Black-throated Antbird Goeldi’s Antbird Plumbeous Antbird Sooty Antbird White-throated Antbird Hairy-crested Antbird Spot-backed Antbird Scale-backed Antbird Black-spotted Bare-eye
Myrmeciza atrothorax Myrmeciza goeldii Myrmeciza hyperythra Myrmeciza fortis Gymnopithys salvini Rhegmatorhina melanosticta Hylophylax naevius Hylophylax poecilinotus Phlegopsis nigromaculata
Formicariidae Rufous-capped Antthrush Formicarius colma Black-faced Antthrush Formicarius analis Rufous-fronted Antthrush Formicarius rufifrons Rufous-breasted Antthrush Formicarius rufipectus Short-tailed Antthrush Chamaeza campanisona Striated Antthrush Chamaeza nobilis Barred Antthrush Chamaeza mollissima Undulated Antpitta Grallaria squamigera Scaled Antpitta Grallaria guatimalensis Elusive Antpitta Grallaria eludens White-throated Antpitta Grallaria albigula Red-and-white Antpitta Grallaria erythroleuca Rufous Antpitta Grallaria rufula Amazonian Antpitta Hylopezus berlepschi Thrush-like Antpitta Myrmothera campanisona Ochre-breasted Antpitta Grallaricula flavirostris Rusty-breasted Antpitta Grallicula ferrugineipectus Conopophagidae Ash-throated Gnateater Conopophaga peruviana Chestnut-crowned Conophaga Gnateater castaneiceps Slaty Gnateater Conopophaga ardesiaca Rhinocryptidae Rusty-belted Tapaculo Liosceles thoracicus Trilling Tapaculo Scytalopus parvirostris White-crowned Tapaculo Scytalopus atratus Andean Tapaculo Scytalopus simonsi Diademed Tapaculo Scytalopus schulenbergi Tyrannidae Rough-legged Tyrannulet Phyllomyias burmeisteri Sclater’s Tyrannulet Phyllomyias sclateri Ashy-headed Tyrannulet Phyllomyias cinereiceps Tawny-rumped Phyllomyias Tyrannulet uropygialis Yellow-crowned Tyrannulus elatus Tyrannulet Forest Elaenia Myiopagis gaimardii Gray Elaenia Myiopagis caniceps Greenish Elaenia Myiopagis viridicata
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
Localities
Documentation
250–1000 250–800 250–800 250–1300 250–800 250–1200
R R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co Mk, Co Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co AC, Co
s s s s s s
250–1200 250–850
R R
Mk, AC, Co AC
s s
250–1250
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–500 250–1150 250–350 1100–1700 1100–1600
R R R R R
AC Mk, AC, Co
s s r/p s s
250–450 1900–3100 2350–3500 700–1600 250–400 1150–2100 2100–3000 1800–3500 250–600 250–1200
R R R R R R R R R R
800–2200 2600–3250
Co, SP
SP, Su Pi Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co, SP
s s* s s r s* r/p s* s s
R R
Su LE, AA
s* r
250–900
R
Mk, AC
s
1200–2000
R
850–1650
R
Co, SP
s
250–1100 2100–3450 1000–2200 2800–3500 2800–3350
R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co Su, Pi, LE, AA Co, SP, Su
s s* s r r
750–1600
R
1900 1300–2700
R R
Su SP
2700–2800
R
Pi, LE
s*
250–850
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–900 250–550 250–500
R R R
Mk, AC, Co AC
r s s
Su, AA LE, AA Co, SP
r
s
37
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Yellow-bellied Elaenia Large Elaenia White-crested Elaenia Small-billed Elaenia Slaty Elaenia Mottle-backed Elaenia Lesser Elaenia Highland Elaenia Sierran Elaenia Mouse-colored Tyrannulet White-lored Tyrannulet Southern Beardless-Tyrannulet White-banded Tyrannulet White-throated Tyrannulet Tufted Tit-Tyrant Torrent Tyrannulet River Tyrannulet Yellow Tyrannulet Subtropical Doradito Hazel-fronted Pygmy-Tyrant Ringed Antpipit Tawny-crowned Pygmy-Tyrant Bolivian Tyrannulet Red-billed Tyrannulet
Elaenia flavogaster Elaenia spectabilis Elaenia albiceps Elaenia parvirostris Elaenia strepera Elaenia gigas Elaenia chiriquensis Elaenia obscura Elaenia pallatangae Phaeomyias murina Ornithion inerme Camptostoma obsoletum Mecocerculus stictopterus Mecocerculus leucophrys Anairetes parulus Serpophaga cinerea Serpophaga hypoleuca Capsiempis flaveola Pseudocolopteryx acutipennis Pseudotriccus simplex
Corythopis torquatus Euscarthmus meloryphus Zimmerius bolivianus Zimmerius cinereicapillus Slender-footed Tyrannulet Zimmerius gracilipes Variegated Bristle-Tyrant Phylloscartes poecilotis Marble-faced Phylloscartes Bristle-Tyrant ophthalmicus Spectacled Bristle-Tyrant Phylloscartes orbitalis Mottle-cheeked Phylloscartes ventralis Tyrannulet Cinnamon-faced Phylloscartes parkeri Tyrannulet Streak-necked Flycatcher Mionectes striaticollis Olive-striped Flycatcher Mionectes olivaceus Ochre-bellied Flycatcher Mionectes oleagineus McConnell’s Flycatcher Mionectes macconnelli Sepia-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon amaurocephalus Slaty-capped Flycatcher Leptopogon superciliaris Inca Flycatcher Leptopogon taczanowskii Southern Scrub-Flycatcher Sublegatus modestus Amazonian Sublegatus obscurior Scrub-Flycatcher Plain Tyrannulet Inezia inornata Ornate Flycatcher Myiotriccus ornatus Short-tailed Myiornis ecaudatus Pygmy-Tyrant Scale-crested Lophotriccus pileatus Pygmy-Tyrant
38
Localities Co AC, SP SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, Co
Documentation
450–900 250–1450 500–3250 250–1300 250–450 250–1550 500–600 1700–3000 1100–3250 250–500 250–1000 250–500
R A R A A R R R R R R R
SP, Pi, LE, AA Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co Mk
s s
2400–3350
R
Pi, LE, AA
s*
1800–3500
R
Su, Pi, LE, AA
s
2500–3450 600–3000 250–500 250–1050 500
R R R R A
Pi, LE, AA SP, Su, Pi
s s
Mk, Co
s s
1100–1900
R
Co, SP, Su
s
250–1050 600
R V
Mk, AC
s
1000–2600 550–1300
R R
Co, SP, Su, Pi Co
s s
250–850 1500–2300 750–1800
R R R
Mk, AC, Co Su Co, SP
s
500–1250 1000–1650
R R
Co, SP
s s
650–1550
R
Co, SP
s
550–2750 250–1400 250–1350 250–1200 250–1100
R R R R R
Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co
s s s s s
600–1800
R
Co, SP, Su
s
1850–2750
R
Su, Pi
s*
250–1050 250–600
A R
Mk
s s
250–500 500–1500 250–800
A R R
Mk, AC Co Mk, AC, Co
s s
800–1800
R
Co, SP
s
Mk, Co, SP
s s s s s s r s
s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Long-crested Pygmy-Tyrant Flammulated Bamboo-Tyrant White-bellied Tody-Tyrant Johannes’ Tody-Tyrant Black-throated Tody-Tyrant Buff-throated Tody-Tyrant White-cheeked Tody-Tyrant Ochre-faced Tody-Flycatcher Rusty-fronted Tody-Flycatcher Black-backed Tody-Flycatcher Spotted Tody-Flycatcher Yellow-browed Tody-Flycatcher Olivaceous Flatbill Fulvous-breasted Flatbill Yellow-margined Flycatcher Gray-crowned Flycatcher
Lophotriccus eulophotes Hemitriccus flammulatus Hemitriccus griseipectus Hemitriccus iohannis Hemitriccus granadensis Hemitriccus rufigularis Poecilotriccus albifacies Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps Poecilotriccus latirostris Poecilotriccus pulchellus Todirostrum maculatum Todirostrum chrysocrotaphum Rhynchocyclus olivaceus Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus Tolmomyias assimilis
Tolmomyias poliocephalus Yellow-breasted Tolmomyias Flycatcher flaviventris White-throated Spadebill Platyrinchus mystaceus Golden-crowned Spadebill Platyrinchus coronatus White-crested Spadebill Platyrinchus platyrhynchos Royal Flycatcher Onychorhynchus coronatus Unadorned Flycatcher Myiophobus inornatus Handsome Flycatcher Myiophobus pulcher Ochraceous-breasted Myiophobus Flycatcher ochraceiventris Bran-colored Flycatcher Myiophobus fasciatus Tawny-breasted Myiobius villosus Flycatcher Sulphur-rumped Myiobius barbatus Flycatcher Ruddy-tailed Flycatcher Terenotriccus erythrurus Cinnamon Neopipo cinnamomea Tyrant-Manakin Cinnamon Flycatcher Pyrrhomyias cinnamomea Cliff Flycatcher Hirundinea ferruginea Euler’s Flycatcher Lathrotriccus euleri Fuscous Flycatcher Cnemotriccus fuscatus Alder Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
Localities
Documentation
250–500
R
s
250–850
R
Mk, Co
s
250–850
R
AC
s
250–800 2600–3000
R R
LE, AA
s s
750–1100
R
250–1050
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
1600–2150
R
SP, Su
r
250–1000
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
600–1500
R
Co
s
250–500
R
250–1000
R
250–1000
R
1000–2000
R
Co, SP, Su
s
250–1000
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–1450
R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
250–1500
R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
800–1800
R
Co, SP
s
250–500 250–850
R R
AC
r s
250–500
R
AC
s
1000–2150 1500–2600 2200–3400
R R R
SP, Su Su, Pi Su, Pi, LE
s s s*
250–1450 650–1350
A R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s s
250–650
R
AC
s
250–950
R
Mk, AC
s
250–700
R
900–2850
R
500–1200 250–1500 250–500 250–1600 250–2000
R R R B B
s
r Mk, AC
s s
s Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE AC, Co Co Co
s s s s s s
39
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Smoke-colored Pewee Western Wood-Pewee Eastern Wood-Pewee Olive Flycatcher Black Phoebe Vermilion Flycatcher Andean Tyrant Rufous-tailed Tyrant White-winged Black-Tyrant Drab Water-Tyrant Yellow-browed Tyrant Little Ground-Tyrant
Contopus fumigatus Contopus sordidulus Contopus virens Mitrephanes olivaceus Sayornis nigricans Pyrocephalus rubinus Knipolegus signatus Knipolegus poecilurus Knipolegus aterrimus
Ochthornis littoralis Satrapa icterophrys Muscisaxicola fluviatilis Black-billed Shrike-Tyrant Agriornis montana Streak-throated Myiotheretes (250) Bush-Tyrant striaticollis Smoky Bush-Tyrant Myiotheretes fumigatus Rufous-bellied Myiotheretes Bush-Tyrant fuscorufus Red-rumped Bush-Tyrant Cnemarchus erythropygius Rufous-webbed Tyrant Polioxolmis rufipennis Black-backed Fluvicola albiventer Water-Tyrant Crowned Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca frontalis Golden-browed Ochthoeca pulchella Chat-Tyrant Slaty-backed Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca cinnamomeiventris Rufous-breasted Ochthoeca Chat-Tyrant rufipectoralis Brown-backed Ochthoeca fumicolor Chat-Tyrant D’Orbigny’s Chat-Tyrant Ochthoeca oenanthoides White-browed Ochthoeca leucophrys Chat-Tyrant Long-tailed Tyrant Colonia colonus Piratic Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius Social Flycatcher Myiozetetes similis Gray-capped Flycatcher Myiozetetes granadensis Dusky-chested Flycatcher Myiozetetes luteiventris Great Kiskadee Pitangus sulphuratus Lesser Kiskadee Pitangus lictor Three-striped Flycatcher Conopias trivirgata Lemon-browed Flycatcher Conopias cinchoneti Golden-crowned Myiodynastes Flycatcher chrysocephalus Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris Streaked Flycatcher Myiodynastes maculatus Boat-billed Flycatcher Megarynchus pitangua Sulphury Flycatcher Tyrannopsis sulphurea Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus varius
40
1000–2800 600–1400 250–1400 1550–2100 600–2000 250–600 1000–2700 900–2200 1250–3500
R B B R R A R R R
250–500 250–500 250–1600
Localities Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE
Documentation
Co, SP SP, Su Co, SP Mk, AC
s* s s s* s s
Su SP, Pi, LE
s s
R A R
Mk, AC Mk Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
3350–3500 1300–3500
R R
AA Pi, LE, AA
s
2000–3200
R
2350–3400
R
Pi, LE, AA
s
3250–3350
R
3000–3400 250–450
R A
3200–3500 2200–3250
R R
AA Su, Pi, LE
s* s
1500–2800
R
Su, Pi, LE
s
2500–3450
R
Pi, LE, AA
s
3250–3500
R
AA
s
3400–3500
R
AA
3000–3500
R
300–1300 250–1200 250–1500 250–1300
R R R R
250–500
R
250–1000 250–500 250 900–1950 600–2750
R R R R R
Mk, AC
s s
Co, SP, Su Co, SP, Su, Pi
s* s
250–1250
B
Mk
s
250–1500
R
Co, SP
s
250–1200 250–600 250–450
R R A
Mk, AC, Co
s r
s
p
Mk, Mk, Mk, Mk,
AC, Co, SP AC, Co AC, Co, SP AC, Co, SP
s s s s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Crowned Slaty-Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus White-throated Kingbird Tyrannus albogularis Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus melancholicus Fork-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus Grayish Mourner Rhytipterna simplex Sirystes Sirystes sibilator Rufous Casiornis Casiornis rufus 6 Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus tuberculifer Swainson’s Flycatcher Short-crested Flycatcher Pale-edged Flycatcher Brown-crested Flycatcher Large-headed Flatbill Dusky-tailed Flatbill Rufous-tailed Flatbill Dull-capped Attila Bright-rumped Attila Oxyruncidae Sharpbill Cotingidae Red-crested Cotinga Chestnut-crested Cotinga Band-tailed Fruiteater Barred Fruiteater Scarlet-breasted Fruiteater Scaled Fruiteater Andean Cock-of-the-rock Plum-throated Cotinga Spangled Cotinga Screaming Piha Black-faced Cotinga Gray-tailed Piha Purple-throated Cotinga
Myiarchus swainsoni Myiarchus ferox Myiarchus cephalotes Myiarchus tyrannulus Ramphotrigon megacephala Ramphotrigon fuscicauda Ramphotrigon ruficauda Attila bolivianus Attila spadiceus Oxyruncus cristatus
Ampelion rubrocristata Ampelion rufaxilla Pipreola intermedia Pipreola arcuata Pipreola frontalis Ampelioides tschudii Rupicola peruvianus Cotinga maynana Cotinga cayana Lipaugus vociferans Conioptilon mcilhennyi Snowornis subalaris Porphyrolaema porphyrolaema Bare-necked Fruitcrow Gymnoderus foetidus Purple-throated Fruitcrow Querula purpurata Amazonian Umbrellabird Cephalopterus ornatus Pipridae Sulphur-bellied Neopelma Tyrant-Manakin sulphureiventer Dwarf Tyrant-Manakin Tyranneutes stolzmanni Fiery-capped Manakin Machaeropterus pyrocephalus Blue-crowned Manakin Lepidothrix coronata Cerulean-capped Manakin Lepidothrix coeruleocapilla White-bearded Manakin Manacus manacus Blue-backed Manakin Chiroxiphia pareola Yungas Manakin Chiroxiphia boliviana Green Manakin Xenopipo holochlora Jet Manakin Xenopipo unicolor
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
Localities
250–1000
A
Mk, Co
250–500 250–2600
A R
Mk, AC, Co, SP
250–500 250–500 250–1400 250–500 250–500 250–3250
A B R R A R
250–500 250–1100 1200–1900 250–450 250–1200
AC, SP
Documentation
s s s r s s
A R R R R
AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi, AA Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co SP, Su AC Mk, Co, SP
s
250–1050
R
Mk, Co
s
250–500
R
AC
s
250–450 250–1250
R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co, SP
s s
850–1300
R
2500–3450 1600–2850 1500–2900 2600–3400 1000–1500 700–1400 650–2550 250–1000 250–800 250–800 250–450 850–1350 250–450
R R R R R R R R R R R R R
LE, AA Su, LE SP, Su, Pi, LE Pi, LE, AA
250–500 250–1050 250–1650
R R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC Co, SP
250–450
R
250–800
R
Mk, AC
s
250–1350
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
250–900 750–1600
R R
Mk, AC Co, SP
s s
450–950 250–450 950–2000 450–1100 1000–1800
R R R R R
Mk, Co AC Co, SP AC
p s s s s
s s
s
Co, SP, Su, Pi Mk, Co AC
s* s* s s* s s s s s s r/p s p s s s s
41
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Band-tailed Manakin Round-tailed Manakin Incertae sedis7 Black-crowned Tityra Black-tailed Tityra Masked Tityra Varzea Schiffornis Thrush-like Schiffornis Cinereous Mourner White-browed Purpletuft Shrike-like Cotinga Green-backed Becard Barred Becard
Pipra fasciicauda Pipra chloromeros
Tityra inquisitor Tityra cayana Tityra semifasciata Schiffornis major Schiffornis turdinus Laniocera hypopyrra Iodopleura isabellae Laniisoma elegans Pachyramphus viridis Pachyramphus versicolor Chestnut-crowned Becard Pachyramphus castaneus White-winged Becard Pachyramphus polychopterus Black-and-White Becard Pachyramphus albogriseus Black-capped Becard Pachyramphus marginatus Pink-throated Becard Pachyramphus minor Wing-barred Piprites Piprites chloris Vireonidae Rufous-browed Cyclarhis gujanensis Peppershrike Slaty-capped Shrike-Vireo Vireolanius leucotis Brown-capped Vireo Vireo leucophrys Red-eyed Vireo Vireo olivaceus Yellow-green Vireo Vireo flavoviridis Lemon-chested Greenlet Hylophilus thoracicus Dusky-capped Greenlet Hylophilus hypoxanthus Tawny-crowned Greenlet Hylophilus ochraceiceps Corvidae White-collared Jay Cyanolyca viridicyanus Violaceous Jay Cyanocorax violaceus Purplish Jay Cyanocorax cyanomelas Green Jay Cyanocorax yncas Hirundinidae White-winged Swallow Tachycineta albiventer White-rumped Swallow Tachycineta leucorrhoa Brown-chested Martin Progne tapera Purple Martin Progne subis Gray-breasted Martin Progne chalybea Southern Martin Progne elegans Andean Swallow Hapalochelidon andecola Blue-and-white Swallow Pygochelidon cyanoleuca Brown-bellied Swallow Notiochelidon murina Pale-footed Swallow Notiochelidon flavipes White-banded Swallow Atticora fasciata White-thighed Swallow Neochelidon tibialis Tawny-headed Swallow Alopochelidon fucata Southern Rough-winged Stelgidopteryx Swallow ruficollis
42
Localities
Documentation
250–1000 250–1400
R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co
s s
250–600 250–450 250–1500 250–500 250–1400 250–750 250–850 750–1400 900 1500–2600
R R R R R R R R R R
AC AC Mk, Co, SP
s
250–500
R
250–1100
R
1500
SP, Su, Pi, LE
s s s s s s p s*
Mk, AC, Co
s
AC, Co AC Mk, AC
R
250–750
R
AC
s
250–1050 250–1050
R R
Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co
s s
300–1200
R
Co
s
250–1500 1300–2500 250–1900 250–900 250–850 250–1100
R R R B R R
AC SP, Su, Pi Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su Co Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co
s s* s s s s
250–1050
R
AC
s
1850–3000 250–1400 250–1100
R R R
Su, Pi, LE Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co
s* s s
1150–2200
R
SP, Su
r
250–500 250
R V
Mk, AC
p s
250–1400 250 250–500 250 3450–3500
R V R V R
SP
250–3450
R
s
2600–3500 1500–3500 250–800 250–1250 750 250–1600
R R R R V R
AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA AA SP, Su Mk, AC Mk, SP Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
AA
s* s s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Bank Swallow Barn Swallow Cliff Swallow Troglodytidae Scaly-breasted Wren Wing-banded Wren Gray-mantled Wren House Wren Mountain Wren Sedge Wren Thrush-like Wren Moustached Wren Buff-breasted Wren Fulvous Wren Gray-breasted Wood-Wren Chestnut-breasted Wren Musician Wren Polioptilidae Tawny-faced Gnatwren Long-billed Gnatwren Tropical Gnatcatcher Incertae sedis8 Black-capped Donacobius Cinclidae White-capped Dipper Turdidae Andean Solitaire Slaty-backed Nightingale-Thrush Spotted NightingaleThrush Veery Swainson’s Thrush White-eared Solitaire Pale-eyed Thrush Great Thrush Chiguanco Thrush Glossy-black Thrush Slaty Thrush Creamy-bellied Thrush Black-billed Thrush Lawrence’s Thrush Hauxwell’s Thrush White-necked Thrush Motacillidae Paramo Pipit Thraupidae Black-faced Tanager Magpie Tanager Black-and-white Tanager
Localities
Documentation
Riparia riparia Hirundo rustica Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
250–500 250–3450 250–750
B B B
Mk Mk, AA
s
Microcerculus marginatus Microcerculus bambla Odontorchilus branickii Troglodytes aedon
250–1250
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
300 750–1800
R R
Co, SP
s s
250–3500
R
Troglodytes solstitialis Cistothorus platensis Campylorhynchus turdinus Thryothorus genibarbis Thryothorus leucotis Cinnycerthia fulva Henicorhina leucophrys Cyphorhinus thoracicus Cyphorhinus arada
1850–3400 2950–3500 250–1050
R R R
250–1500 250–450 2100–3000 1000–2850
R R R R
800–1600
Mk, AC, Co, SP, Pi, LE, AA Su, Pi, LE, AA LE, AA Mk, Co
s
Mk, AC, Co, SP Su, Pi, LE Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE
s r s s
R
Co, SP
s
250–500
R
Mk, AC
s
Microbates cinereiventris Ramphocaenus melanurus Polioptila plumbea
450–1000
R
AC
s
250–450
R
250
R
Donacobius atricapilla
250–500
R
Mk
s
Cinclus leucocephalus
950–2850
R
Co, SP, Su, LE
s*
750–2900 1500–2850
R R
Co, SP, Su, Pi, LE Su, Pi, LE
s s
700–1500
R
Co, SP
s
Catharus fuscescens Catharus ustulatus Entomodestes leucotis Platycichla leucops Turdus fuscater Turdus chiguanco Turdus serranus Turdus nigriceps Turdus amaurochalinus Turdus ignobilis Turdus lawrencii Turdus hauxwelli Turdus albicollis
500 250–3500 1300–2900 850–2600 2500–3500 1300–3500 1400–3200 250–1850 250–500 250–1500 250–450 250–800 250–850
V B R R R R R A A R R R R
Co SP, Su, LE SP, Su, Pi Pi, LE, AA SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA Su, LE, AA AC AC Mk, AC, Co
s s s s s s s s s s s s
Anthus bogotensis
3450–3500
R
Schistochlamys melanopis Cissopis leveriana Conothraupis speculigera
600–2600
R
250–1600 250–500
R A
Myadestes ralloides Catharus fuscater Catharus dryas
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
s* s
s
Mk, AC AC AA
s Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk
s s*
43
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Red-billed Pied Tanager Hooded Tanager Slaty Tanager Black-capped Hemispingus Superciliaried Hemispingus Oleaginous Hemispingus Black-eared Hemispingus Drab Hemispingus
Lamprospiza melanoleuca Nemosia pileata Creurgops dentata Hemispingus atropileus
Hemispingus superciliaris Hemispingus frontalis Hemispingus melanotis Hemispingus xanthophthalmus Three-striped Hemispingus Hemispingus trifasciatus Gray-hooded Cnemoscopus Bush-Tanager rubrirostris Rufous-chested Tanager Thlypopsis ornata Orange-headed Tanager Thlypopsis sordida Rust-and-yellow Tanager Thlypopsis ruficeps Black-goggled Tanager Trichothraupis melanops Yellow-crested Tanager Tachyphonus rufiventer Flame-crested Tanager Tachyphonus cristatus White-shouldered Tanager Tachyphonus luctuosus White-winged Lanio versicolor Shrike-Tanager Masked Crimson Tanager Ramphocelus nigrogularis Silver-beaked Tanager Ramphocelus carbo Blue-gray Tanager Thraupis episcopus Palm Tanager Thraupis palmarum Blue-capped Tanager Thraupis cyanocephala Blue-and-yellow Tanager Thraupis bonariensis Hooded MountainButhraupis montana Tanager Scarlet-bellied Mountain- Anisognathus Tanager igniventris Blue-winged MountainAnisognathus Tanager somptuosus Grass-green Tanager Chlorornis riefferii Buff-breasted Mountain- Dubusia taeniata Tanager Chestnut-bellied Delothraupis Mountain-Tanager castaneoventris Fawn-breasted Tanager Pipraeidea melanonota Yellow-throated Tanager Iridosornis analis Golden-collared Tanager Iridosornis jelskii Orange-eared Tanager Chlorochrysa calliparaea Turquoise Tanager Tangara mexicana Paradise Tanager Tangara chilensis Green-and-gold Tanager Tangara schrankii Golden Tanager Tangara arthus Saffron-crowned Tanager Tangara xanthocephala Golden-eared Tanager Tangara chrysotis Flame-faced Tanager Tangara parzudakii Yellow-bellied Tanager Tangara xanthogastra Spotted Tanager Tangara punctata Bay-headed Tanager Tangara gyrola
44
Localities
Documentation
250–900
R
AC
s
250–500 1100–2500 2600–3500
R R R
Co, SP, Su, Pi Pi, LE
p s s*
2500–3000
R
Pi, LE
s
1500–2500 1100–2200 2200–3250
R R R
Su Co, SP, Su Pi, LE, AA
s* s
3000–3500
R
AA
s*
1400–2500
R
Su, Pi
p
2500–3250 250–600 1500–3500 1000–1650
R R R R
LE, AA Su, Pi, LE, AA Co, SP
s s s
250–1250
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
300 250–850 250–1000
R R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC
s s
250–1000
R
Mk
s
250–1600 250–1600 250–1600 1500–3000 1000–3500 2500–3250
R R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co, SP SP, Su, Pi, LE Co, Su, LE, AA Pi, LE, AA
s s s s s s*
2600–3400
R
Pi, LE, AA
s
1600–3000
R
SP, Su
s*
2100–3200 1900–3200
R R
Su, Pi, LE, AA Pi, LE, AA
s* s*
2600–3500
R
Pi, LE, AA
s*
450–3000 1000–2200 2200–3500 1000–2200
R R R R
AC, SP, Su, Pi, LE SP, Su Pi, LE, AA Co, SP, Su
s s s s
250–1000 250–1600 250–1100 600–1800 1000–2500
R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co, SP MK, AC, Co Co, SP Co, SP, Su, Pi
s s s s s
850–1600 1550–2000 250–1300 600–2000 250–1500
R R R R R
Co, SP SP Mk, AC, Co, SP Co, SP Mk, AC, Co, SP
s s s s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Golden-naped Tanager Blue-browed Tanager Blue-necked Tanager Masked Tanager Beryl-spangled Tanager Blue-and-black Tanager Silver-backed Tanager Opal-rumped Tanager Opal-crowned Tanager Swallow-Tanager White-bellied Dacnis Black-faced Dacnis Yellow-bellied Dacnis Blue Dacnis Purple Honeycreeper Red-legged Honeycreeper Green Honeycreeper Golden-collared Honeycreeper Guira Tanager Yellow-backed Tanager Chestnut-vented Conebill Cinereous Conebill Blue-backed Conebill Capped Conebill White-browed Conebill Tit-like Dacnis Rusty Flower-piercer Moustached Flower-piercer Black-throated Flower-piercer Deep-blue Flower-piercer Bluish Flower-piercer Masked Flower-piercer Plush-capped Finch Incertae sedis9 Common Bush-Tanager
Localities
Tangara ruficervix Tangara cyanotis Tangara cyanicollis Tangara nigrocincta Tangara nigroviridis Tangara vassorii Tangara viridicollis Tangara velia Tangara callophrys Tersina viridis Dacnis albiventris Dacnis lineata Dacnis flaviventer Dacnis cayana Cyanerpes caeruleus Cyanerpes cyaneus Chlorophanes spiza Iridophanes pulcherrimus Hemithraupis guira Hemithraupis flavicollis Conirostrum speciosum Conirostrum cinereum Conirostrum sitticolor Conirostrum albifrons Conirostrum ferrugineiventre Xenodacnis parina Diglossa sittoides Diglossa mystacalis
1000–2100 1300–2000 500–2000 250–1100 1500–2500 1900–3250 800–2600 250–600 250–950 250–1450 250–400 250–1300 250–1000 250–1550 250–1400 250–1000 250–1200 1100–1800
R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk Mk, AC, Co, SP Co, SP
250–1100 250–700
R R
Mk, Co AC
250–900 2850–3500 2300–3350 1200–3000 2700–3500
R R R R R
Co LE, AA Pi, LE, AA Su, Pi, LE AA
3450–3500 1900–3500 2600–3500
R R R
AA Su, LE Pi, LE, AA
s s
Diglossa brunneiventris
2600–3500
R
Pi, LE, AA
s
Diglossa glauca Diglossa caerulescens Diglossa cyanea Catamblyrhynchus diadema
1000–2300 1600–2700 1500–3500 2000–3250
R R R R
SP, Su SP, Su, LE Su, Pi, LE, AA Su, Pi, LE, AA
s s s s
1000–2400
R
Co, SP, Su, Pi
s
1100–2600
R
Co, SP, Su, Pi
s
800–1600
R
Co, SP
s
1000–1600
R
800–2000 250–1500 250–1500 900–1800 250–1000 450–1250
R B B R R R
Co SP Co Co, SP Mk, AC AC, SP
250–1500 600
R R
Mk, Co, SP
s s
2500–3500
R
Pi, LE, AA
s
Chlorospingus ophthalmicus Yellow-whiskered Chlorospingus Bush-Tanager parvirostris Yellow-throated Chlorospingus Bush-Tanager flavigularis Ash-throated Chlorospingus Bush-Tanager canigularis Hepatic Tanager Piranga flava Summer Tanager Piranga rubra Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea White-winged Tanager Piranga leucoptera Red-crowned Ant-Tanager Habia rubica Carmiol’s Tanager Chlorothraupis carmioli Bananaquit Coereba flaveola Dull-colored Grassquit Tiaris obscura Emberizidae Rufous-collared Sparrow Zonotrichia capensis
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
Co, SP SP Mk, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co SP, Su, Pi Su, Pi, LE, AA SP, Su Mk, AC Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co, SP
Documentation s s s s s s s s s s s s
s s
s s s s s s
45
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Yellow-browed Sparrow Peruvian Sierra-Finch Plumbeous Sierra-Finch Slaty Finch Blue-black Grassquit Slate-colored Seedeater Lesson’s Seedeater Lined Seedeater Black-and-white Seedeater Yellow-bellied Seedeater Double-collared Seedeater Chestnut-bellied Seedeater Lesser Seed-Finch Black-billed Seed-Finch Band-tailed Seedeater Plain-colored Seedeater Paramo Seedeater Pectoral Sparrow Chestnut-capped Brush-Finch Stripe-headed Brush-Finch Olive Finch Black-faced Brush-Finch Red-capped Cardinal Cardinalidae Golden-bellied Grosbeak Black-backed Grosbeak Rose-breasted Grosbeak Yellow-shouldered Grosbeak Slate-colored Grosbeak Buff-throated Saltator Grayish Saltator Golden-billed Saltator Blue-black Grosbeak Parulidae Golden-winged Warbler Tropical Parula Blackburnian Warbler Cerulean Warbler Connecticut Warbler Masked Yellowthroat Canada Warbler Slate-throated Redstart Spectacled Redstart Two-banded Warbler
46
Ammodramus aurifrons Phrygilus punensis Phrygilus unicolor Haplospiza rustica Volatinia jacarina Sporophila schistacea Sporophila bouvronides Sporophila lineola Sporophila luctuosa
Localities
Documentation
250–1600
R
3600 3500 950–3200 250–1000 250–1200 250–750 250–1000 300–2000
R R R R R A A R
Sporophila nigricollis
300–1500
R
Sporophila caerulescens Sporophila castaneiventris Oryzoborus angolensis Oryzoborus atrirostris Catamenia analis Catamenia inornata Catamenia homochroa Arremon taciturnus Buarremon brunneinucha Buarremon torquatus
250–600
A
Mk
250–1450
R
Mk, Co
s
250–1500 250–500 3000–3500 3300–3500 2850–3450 250–1000 1300–2150
R R R R R R R
Mk, Co
s s
AA LE, AA Mk, AC, Co SP, SU
s* s s
2500–3250
R
Pi, AA
s
Lysurus castaneiceps Atlapetes melanolaemus Paroaria gularis
900–1800 1400–3200
R R
Co, SP SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA
s s
250–500
R
Pheucticus chrysogaster Pheucticus aureoventris Pheucticus ludovicianus Parkerthraustes humeralis Saltator grossus Saltator maximus Saltator coerulescens Saltator aurantiirostris Cyanocompsa cyanoides
650–3500
R
LE
600–3250
R
Su, LE, AA
s
Vermivora chrysoptera Parula pitiayumi Dendroica fusca Dendroica cerulea Oporornis agilis Geothlypis aequinoctialis Wilsonia canadensis Myioborus miniatus Myioborus melanocephalus Basileuterus bivittatus
2600
Mk, AC, Co, SP
s
SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA Mk, Co Co, SP
s* s S* s s s
Mk, Co, SP, Su
s
V
250–650
R
AC
s*
250–1000 250–1500 250–900 2600–3500
R R R R
Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co LE
s s s s*
250–1400
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
2800 700–1500 950–3000 700–1250 250–500 250–500
V R B B B R
Mk, Co, SP Pi Co
s s s
Mk
s
650–1600 550–2100 1600–3350
B R R
Co, SP, Su SP, Su, Pi, LE, AA
s s s
750–1500
R
Co, SP
s
FIELDIANA: ZOOLOGY
Continued. Elevational Seasonal range (m) status Golden-bellied Warbler Citrine Warbler Pale-legged Warbler Russet-crowned Warbler Three-striped Warbler Buff-rumped Warbler Icteridae Russet-backed Oropendola Dusky-green Oropendola Crested Oropendola Olive Oropendola Casqued Oropendola Mountain Cacique Selva Cacique Solitary Cacique Yellow-rumped Cacique Red-rumped Cacique Yellow-billed Cacique Troupial Epaulet Oriole Pale-eyed Blackbird Giant Cowbird Shiny Cowbird White-browed Blackbird Bobolink Fringillidae Hooded Siskin Olivaceous Siskin Purple-throated Euphonia Thick-billed Euphonia White-lored Euphonia Bronze-green Euphonia White-vented Euphonia Orange-bellied Euphonia Rufous-bellied Euphonia Blue-naped Chlorophonia
Basileuterus chrysogaster Basileuterus luteoviridis Basileuterus signatus Basileuterus coronatus Basileuterus tristriatus Phaeothlypis fulvicauda Psarocolius angustifrons Psarocolius atrovirens Psarocolius decumanus Psarocolius bifasciatus Clypicterus oseryi Cacicus chrysonotus Cacicus koepckeae Cacicus solitarius Cacicus cela Cacicus haemorrhous Amblycercus holosericeus Icterus icterus Icterus cayanensis Agelastictus xanthophthalmus Molothrus oryzivorus Molothrus bonariensis Leistes superciliaris Dolichonyx oryzivorus Carduelis magellanica Carduelis olivacea Euphonia chlorotica Euphonia laniirostris Euphonia chrysopasta Euphonia mesochrysa Euphonia minuta Euphonia xanthogaster Euphonia rufiventris Chlorophonia cyanea
Localities
Documentation
250–1200
R
Mk, AC, Co
s
2150–3400
R
Su, Pi, LE, AA
s
1700–2900 1100–2550 1100–2100 250–1500
R R R R
Su, LE Co, SP, Su, Pi Co, SP, Su Mk, AC, Co, SP
s s s s
250–1900
R
Mk, AC, Co, SP, SU
s
1000–2700 250–1300 250–800 250–800 2300–3250 500 250–850 250–1050 250–1000 2600–3300
R R R R R R R R R R
SP, Su, LE Mk, AC, Co, SP Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC Pi, LE, AA Mk, Co Mk, AC, Co
s* s s s r r s s
LE
s*
250–800 250–1200 250–500
R R R
Mk, AC, Co
s s s
250–800 250–500 600 250–500
R R V B
Mk, AC
s
400–3500
R
1100–2100 250–450
R R
Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su, Pi SP, Su
?
250–1500 250–950 600–1800 250–1050 250–2100 250–950 250–1900
R R R R R R R
AC, Co Mk, AC, Co Co, SP Mk, AC, Co Mk, AC, Co, SP, Su Mk, AC AC, Co, SP
s s s s s s s
p s
1 An individual photographed by Walker on 22 September 1995 at Cocha Salvador along the Rio Manu is the only confirmed record for Peru. 2 The taxonomy of small hermits in southeastern Peru is uncertain. The treatment here follows Remsen et al. (2006), which is based on Hinkelmann and Schuchmann (1997). The common taxon in MBR is longipennis, treated by Remsen et al. (2006) as a subspecies of ruber. This taxon has been treated variously as a subspecies of ruber (e.g., Peters 1945; Schuchmann 1999; Dickinson 2003) or stuarti (e.g., Meyer de Schauensee 1966, 1970). Two specimens at the Field Museum that were collected in 1980 from 450 m at the base of the Pantiacolla were identified as nominate stuarti by Hinkelmann. All other specimens from MBR are longipennis. On the basis of this overlap, Hinkelmann and Schuchmann treated stuarti and longipennis as belonging to different species. Recent reexamination of these specimens and additional material from MBR suggests that these specimens are actually the green extreme of a variable population of hermits that belong to the taxon longipennis (Stotz and T. Schulenberg, pers. obs.) Farther out in the lowlands of southeastern Peru, another subspecies of ruber, nigrocincta, has been collected (Rio Colorado) as well as photographed. Additionally, Walker (pers. obs) believes he has seen
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
47
Continued. this small, more intensely colored form along forest streams in the lower parts of the Manu area, but there is no documentation of this. Our suspicion is that longipennis is best treated not as a subspecies of ruber but rather as a subspecies of stuarti and that birds at Manu are all longipennis, except perhaps for a population of ruber in the lower parts of the area. Clearly, further fieldwork needs to be focused on small hermits in the region. 3 The treatment of highland populations in the Momotus momota complex is controversial. Remsen et al. (2006) treat aequatorialis (comprised of two subspecies) as conspecific with the lowland momota. It is clear from the documentation accompanying this decision that one of the primary factors in lumping aequatorialis into momota was the existence of other lowland taxa within momota that were likely just as deserving of species status. In the absence of specific studies of the appropriate taxonomic rank for these taxa, the committee thought that there was no reason to treat aequatorialis differently. We treat Momotus aequatorialis as distinct from M. momota to emphasize its disjunct elevational range in Manu and throughout its range (e.g., Hilty & Brown, 1986; Ridgely & Greenfield, 2001) and in recognition of its long treatment as distinct by a number of authors (Chapman, 1923; Hilty & Brown, 1986, Fjeldsa˚ & Krabbe, 1990; Ridgely & Greenfield, 2001; Dickinson, 2003). 4 Philydor erythrocercum is a widespread Amazonian foliage-gleaner. Philydor ochrogaster is the montane representative of it from central Peru to northern Bolivia. It is sometimes treated as a separate species (e.g., Sibley & Monroe, 1990), but its treatment as a subspecies by Remsen et al. (2006) is consistent with that by most authors. We treat it as a separate species here to emphasize its disjunct elevational range in Manu and throughout its range while acknowledging that there may be intergradation with the subspecies subfulvus in northern Peru (Ridgely & Tudor, 1994). 5 The Amazonian Xiphocolaptes orenocensis is occasionally treated as a distinct species from the Central American and Andean Xiphocolaptes promeropirhynchus (e.g., American Ornithologists’ Union, 1983). However, most authors concur with their treatment by Remsen et al. (2006) as conspecific. We treat these taxa as separate species here in part because of the vocal differences between them but mainly to emphasize the distinct elevational ranges of the Amazonian orenocensis and the Andean forms of promeropirhynchus. 6 Two subspecies of Myiarchus tuberculifer replace one another elevationally in the Andes. The highland population atriceps and a lowland tuberculifer intergrade in the Andes of southern Bolivia (Lanyon, 1978). In Manu, there are M. tuberculifer along the entire elevational gradient. The similarity of the two forms and lack of specimens at intermediate elevations make it impossible for us to distinguish the elevational range of the two forms. The lowest elevation for which there is a specimen of atriceps in Manu is 1050 m; the highest tuberculifer specimen comes from 300 m. 7 The species treated here as incertae sedis (as in Remsen et al., 2006) include a number of taxa usually treated as cotingas, although most have at one time or another been placed in other families, especially Tyrannidae. Recent studies (Prum et al., 2000; Johansson et al., 2002; Chesser, 2004) indicate that the taxa from Tityra through Pachyramphus form a monophyletic group, but whether that group should be part of Cotingidae or a separate family (Tityridae) remains unclear. Piprites has usually been treated as a member of Pipridae. Most recent studies have not found evidence to support its inclusion there but have not made a convincing case for an alternate treatment. 8 Donacobius was long treated in Mimidae but more recently has been treated in Troglodytidae (e.g., American Ornithologists’ Union, 1983). Molecular studies by Barker (2004) showed that Donacobius belonged in neither Mimidae nor Troglodytidae but did not provide a clear alternative placement within an existing family. As a result, Remsen et al. (2006) treat it as incertae sedis, as do we. 9 Recent molecular studies suggest that a number of genera traditionally placed in Thraupidae are not tanagers. Additionally, a set of mostly island taxa, spread among a several families but placed mainly in Emberizidae, form a monophyletic group associated with Thraupidae (Klicka et al., 2000; Burns et al., 2002, 2003; Yuri & Mindell, 2002). Because of incomplete taxon sampling and some disagreement among different studies of the placement of some genera, Remsen et al. (2006) treat these taxa as incertae sedis, awaiting the results of additional ongoing studies.
Literature Cited AMERICAN ORNITHOLOGISTS’ UNION. 1983. Check-List of North American Birds, 6th edition. American Ornithologists’ Union, Washington, D.C. xxix + 876 pp. BARKER, F. K. 2004. Monophyly and relationships of wrens (Aves: Troglodytidae): A congruence analysis of heterogeneous mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32: 486–504.
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BURNS, K. J., S. J. HACKETT, AND N. K. KLEIN. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships and morphological diversity in Darwin’s finches and their relatives. Evolution, 56: 1240–1252. ———. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships of Neotropical honeycreepers and the evolution of feeding morphology. Journal of Avian Biology, 34: 360–370. CHAPMAN, F. M. 1923. The distribution of the motmots of the genus Momotus. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 48: 27–59.
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CHESSER, R. T. 2004. Molecular systematics of New World suboscine birds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 32: 11–24. DICKINSON, E. C. ED. 2003. The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World, Revised and enlarged 3rd edition. Christopher Helm, London, 1040 pp. FJELDSA˚, J., AND N. KRABBE. 1990. Birds of the High Andes. Zoological Museum, Univ. Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark 876 pp. HILTY, S. L., AND W. L. BROWN. 1986. A Guide to the Birds of Colombia. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey xii + 836 pp. HINKELMANN, C., AND K.-L. SCHUCHMANN. 1997. Phylogeny of the hermit hummingbirds (Trochilidae: Phaethornithinae). Studies in Neotropical Fauna and Environment, 32: 142–163.. JOHANSSON, U. S., M. IRESTEDT, T. J. PARSONS, AND P. G. P. ERICSON. 2002. Basal phylogeny of the Tyrannoidea based on comparisons of cytochrome b and exons on nuclear c-myc and RAG-1 genes. Auk, 119: 984–995. KARR, J. R., S. K. ROBINSON, J. G. BLAKE, AND R. O. BIERREGAARD, JR. 1990. Birds of Four Neotropical Forests, pp. 237–269. In Gentry, A. H., ed., Four Neotropical Rainforests. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. xiii + 627 pp. KLICKA, J., K. P. JOHNSON, AND S. M. LANYON. 2000. New World nine-primaried oscine relationships: Constructing a mitochondrial DNA framework. Auk, 117: 321–326. LANYON, W. E. 1978. Revision of the Myiarchus flycatchers of South America. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 161: 429–627. MEYER DE SCHAUENSEE, R. 1966. The Species of Birds of South America and Their Distribution. Livingston Publishing Co., Narberth, Pennsylvania xvii + 577 pp. ———. 1970. A Guide to the Birds of South America. Livingston Publishing Co., Wynnewood, Pennsylvania xiv + 470 pp. PETERS, J. L. 1945. Check-List of Birds of the World, Vol. 5. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts xi + 306 pp.
WALKER ET AL.: BIRDS OF MANU
P RUM , R. O., N. H. R ICE , J. A. M OBLEY , AND W. W. DIMMICK. 2000. A preliminary phylogenetic hypothesis for the cotingas (Cotingidae) based on mitochondrial DNA. Auk, 117: 236–241. REMSEN, J. V. JR., A. JARAMILLO, M. NORES, J. F. PACHECO, M. B. ROBBINS, T. S. SCHULENBERG, F. G. STILES, J. M. C. DA SILVA., D. F. STOTZ, AND K. J. ZIMMER. 2006. Version [1 April 2006]. A Classification of the Bird Species of South America. American Ornithologists’ Union. http:// www.museum.lsu.edu/,Remsen/SACCBaseline. html. RIDGELY, R. S., AND P. J. GREENFIELD. 2001. The Birds of Ecuador, Vol. I. Status, Distribution, and Taxonomy. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York. xviii + 848 pp. RIDGELY, R. S., AND G. TUDOR. 1994. The Birds of South America, Vol. 2. Univ. Texas Press, Austin. SCHUCHMANN, K.-L. 1999. Family Trochilidae (hummingbirds), pp. 468–680. In del Hoyo, J., et al. eds., Handbook of the Birds of the World, Vol. 5. BarnOwls to Hummingbirds. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. SERVAT, G. P. 1996. An annotated list of birds of the BIOLAT Biological Station at Pakitza, Peru´, pp. 555–576. In Wilson, D. E. and A. Sandoval, eds., Manu: The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru. Editorial Horizonte for Smithsonian Institution Press, Lima. S IBLEY , C. G., AND B. L. M ONROE , J R . 1990. Distribution and Taxonomy of Birds of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut. xxiv + 1111 pp. TERBORGH, J. W., J. W. FITZPATRICK, AND L. EMMONS. 1984. Annotated checklist of bird and mammal species of Cocha Cashu Biological Station, Manu National Park, Peru. Fieldiana: Zoology, n.s., 21: 1–10. WALKER, B. 1998. Las aves de la Reserva de la Biosfera del Manu, pp. 260–266. In MacQuarrie, K., ed., Peru’s Amazonian Eden: Manu National Park and Biosphere Reserve, 2nd edition. Francis O. Patthey e hijos, Barcelona. YURI, T., AND D. P. MINDELL. 2002. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Fringillidae, ‘‘New World nine-primaried oscines’’ (Aves: Passeriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 23: 229–243.
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