Chad Basin and Sahel Climate Improvement Project by the Congo ...

Sengupta, M. and Dalwani, R. (Editors). 2008 Proceedings of Taal2007: The 12th World Lake Conference: 1110-1113

Chad Basin and Sahel Climate Improvement Project by the Congo Water Uplifting Over the Plateau Miyakawa Toshihiko Shinjuku6-27-46-806, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan Email: [email protected]

This paper introduces the project outline of the water transfer plan from Congo watershed to Chad basin in Africa to recover boundless green field in Sahel region which had been the rich green area until recently from prehistoric ages. There is a real contrast between the two regions, one is tropical rain forest with more than 40,000 cu. m/sec. water flow and another one is semi-arid or desert with little water. Now the Chad basin is well known in the world that has very serious water shortage and the desertification is expanding year by year. This desertification is not only the regional problem but global affair as a climate change. These two large regions are divided by only a rolling plateau in the central part of The Central African Republic (CAR) that is about 500m above sea level. The plateau is only about 200m higher than the Ubangi River, a branch river of Congo, water level at this area. More water will be diverted from main stream of Congo to Ubangi through open canals and tunnels in the progressed phases and the total covered area will be more than millions sq. km. Progress phases are, 1st : The water flows down to Lake Chad by gravity after crossing the plateau, 2nd : The water is pumped up and delivering to surrounding area, 3rd : Tidal force drives the water westward in flat horizontal great canals with one-way-gates. All management of this project includes planning, research, survey, funding, design, construction and water management including purchasing, transport, purification, distribution and sales should be controlled by one organization. The key points are, 1. Establishment of the International NGO, 2. Organize study groups for natural environment and energy resources, 3. Establish revolutionary financial system and ownership for the project, and so on.

Continent finally.

by African Cultural Center Some reports proposed similar ideas in the past which were not realized or were not promoted for execution, but here is more realistic proposal including special organization establishment, solar power supply, engineering solution, environmental recovery and conservation, bio-energy plantation without cropping field reduction, environmental effects for all people in the region, honored ownership funding system from all over the world and so on.

IMPORVEMENTS In the improvement proposal, transport distance is 150-1,000km, and 100-200m height and the projected area covers from Central Africa to Sahel region but the beautiful greening results will influence the Northern African countries and climate change will be over Mediterranean Sea and European

Phenomenal One of the

Country

by NASA, USA The eventual project scheme is very large and the area is extended, but the engineering tasks are not so difficult and there is no need for high technology and it can implement by the normal or popular existing skills.

Area sq.km

Population

Pop. per sq.km

Cameroon Central Africa Chad Congo, Dem. Rep. Niger Nigeria

475,000 623,000 1,284,000 2,345,000 1,267,000 924,000

16,700,000 4,100,000 10,000,000 59,300,000 14,400,000 144,700,000

35 7 8 25 11 157

Total, 6countries % of Africa Total, Africa

6,918,000 23 30,240,000

249,200,000 27 911,000,000

36 30

The largest water project in the world now under construction is the South-to-North Water Transfer project in China. This project consists of 3 major projects, the longest way is 1,300km (two of them), and each one carries about 20billion cu.m/year (=600 cu.m/sec) and the total of the 3 projects will sustain 200million people life, many major industries and the greening of 400,000sq.km area which is very thickly-populated.

South to North Water Transfer in China, under construction East Line L=1150km 18.0-25.0 billion cu. /y (571-793cu,m/s) Middle Line L=1240km 12.5-23.0 billion cu.m/y(396-728cu.m/s) Pumped Hydropower, Japan & other countries, completed and plan Kuzuno Ohtuki-city 1.60m W 280cu.m/s H=714m Tokyo Elec. Co. Kawaura Gifu-pref. 1.30m W 270cu.m/s H=578m Chubu Elec. Co. Kyogoku Hokkaido 0.6mkW 190cu.m/s H=369m Kannagawa Gunma-pref. 2.82mkW 510cu.m/s H=653m Komarugawa Miyagi-pref. 1.20mkW 220cu.m/s H=646m Bath County USA 2,100MW 915cu.m/s H=385m Kruonis Lithuania 1 600 MW 226 m³/s H=100 m Tumut 3 Australia 1,500MW H=151m Only the problem is funding to execute this project because the direct beneficiaries from the project are not so many and not so rich. But this amount which is lacking in detail now is not so huge to startle the world nowadays and it is rather small compared to the Suez or the Panama project at that time. Especially the cost of the starting stage of this project is rather popular water project size in the modern world.

by Teikokushoin, Japan

http://www.nsbd.mwr.gov.cn/ The most typical features of this project will be promoted by the special NGO for this project and the new fund management called the Non-refundable and Territory-fixed Investment system. This system prevents from scandals or conflicts between people and/or organization, easy to induce from huge money

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flows, because any investor can not get back profit from the investment but honored ownership only and the money can not move out from each territory after investment. This new system will be more effective than donation or grant aid that is already established more than 30years ago as micro credit or microfinance by Prof. Muhammad Yunus and others, but this is macro-finance. Any people in the world can join this system from small money to huge amounts through the NGO. Small money will be pooled up to some amounts that is suitable for a part of the project which is proposed and studied previously by the NGO main projects start after study and evaluation from small scheme of 100cu.m/sec water supply to large scheme of 2,000cu.m/sec that is only 5% of Congo water (40,000cu.m/sec or 126billion cu.m/year).

2.

3. by Miyakawa Toshihiko 1.

The basic scheme and strategies are; the sole agent authorized by all concerned countries and international organizations. All the money flow is transparent to all people and is traceable by each investor anytime through internet., while executing study and explanation which is suitable in the region for most effective green recovery and economic growth. The water at Dumba (El.=351m) or Possel village on the100km upstream from Bangui city, the capital of Central Africa lead by open canal (L=20km) and(H=100m+, L=70km) (El.=450-500m) main water flow of lake Chad. The water at Lukutu city (El=370m) or Kisangani (El.=400m) (total 600-800km) through hills between main stream and Ubangi river. Uplift system expansion is needed for the phase II. Phase III : Water transfer to Western Sahara through horizontal canals (D=10m, W=100-200m) with one-way gates system. The system can drive water toward Western by the tidal phenomenon powered by the lunar gravity called artificial pororoca. This system will be applicable in water transfer toward North by zigzag shape canal.

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Energy supply by the solar power cells put on net and sun visor combined system which will be lent to individuals, community, local government and the NGO will procure the power. The net is placed above several meters height from ground and solar cells are put in line on the net with some spaces between lines to pass some sunlight through net. This system has two effects that are power generation selling to the project and acting as sun visor to lower the ground temperature and protect transpiration from plants and decrease evaporation from ground that means the Climate Improvement. The semi-arid zone and desert will be changed to economical agricultural area by this system and water supply. New investment system called Non-returning and Territory-fixed Investment of which profit from the project does not return to any investors and re-invest in each territory for education, health care, rural road and other public property in the original territory, then the territory economics will grow by this project. All the investment can be traced at any time by each investor through the organization and can be checked and confirmed by visiting the sites that is called the Honored Ownership.

The profitability from the water supply vary depending on the climate, soil, crops, vegetation, farmed breed, but a calculation shows 100cu.m/sec water can keep 5,000-10,000sq.km or more area. NOW A TIME TO START! I hope many people will join for more study of this project and start up new group to promote it in the near future. Lake Chad, Now

EUMESAT http://www.eumetsat.int/ Min. of Water Resources, P. R. China http://www.mwr.gov.cn/english1/20040827/39304.as p Water Resources eAtras http://www.waterandnature.org/eatlas/index.html Water Resources Institute http://earthtrends.wri.org/text/water-resources/map293.html Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republ ic Wikipedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaire_River Maps,

www.travelpod.com/.../chad_x2x.jpg/YES.html Thank you.

Republique Centrafricaine, Institut Geographique National, France (1993). ONC(Operational Navigation Charts) L-4 Edition4, USA (1988).

REFERENCES, A study report on African water (in Japanese only), (1986) The Path Between the Seas by David McCullough, USA, (1977) African Cultural Center http://africanculturalcenter.org/

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