Chapter One Introduction

Chapter One Introduction

1.1General Overview

It is well known that the concept of air conditioning had been applied in ancient Rome, where the water is recycled through the walls of some houses to cool

them, as well as similar techniques in Iran in the Middle Ages included the use

of tanks and winds towers to cool buildings during the summer, and the Modern

air conditioner result of the development in chemistry during the nineteenth century, and the first electric air conditioner on a large scale was invented in 1902 by Willis Havilland Carrier. 1.2 Problem statements

The water conditioner is cooling only also Damage of pumps in case of lack of water. Building air-condition with a heater in one design could be a modern idea for facilitate live.

1.3 Objectives

1.3.1 General Objective:

The main objective of this project is to design and implement multi-function air conditioner, which match the local manufacturing for water conditioner that has the following features:

 This air conditioner is cooling and heating.

 Keep the pump from damage by monitoring the water level in the reservoir (pump stopped working when a lack of water in the tank). 1

1.3.2 Specific Objective:

 To design an air-condition with a Heater in the same model.

 In an emergency situation it withdrawal the air to the outside by reversing the polarity of the fan and it spins counter-clockwise.

 Control of High and Low fan speed and also the same to Heater and cooling system

‫تحذف‬ 1.4 Methodology

Appropriate structure for water conditioner interior design and its components

(motor, fan, water pump, float) depending on their energy consumption and how they work to bring the work of the conditioner. We would build a control system using Arduino (Microcontroller) to control the temperature by the

reading the values of temperature sensors and selection of quality control and a

way to communicate with the user through the remote control or the keyboard to choose the system works (cooling, heating.)And control the stop and run of pump by reading the water level. The controller is programmed according to the design requirements and to achieve the objectives above. 1.4.1 Project Implementation Tools  Input Tools

Keypad keys – Remote control – Level sensor – IR sensor – Temperature sensor.

 Output Tools

Fan – Heater – Screen LCD – Water pump – DC motor – Servo motor – USB outlets.

 Electronic Tools 2

Arduino controller – Transistors – Relays – Voltage regulator – Inverter.

 Software Tools Arduinoew9 IDE

1.5 Scope of the study:

The system works cooling and heating. We control the system using Arduino. The project is simulated using proteus and C language. The project is implemented in practice. 1.6 thesis layout:

Chapter one is about the project details and problem were chapter two is the

theoretical backgrounds of the previous studies in the same domain and chapter

three contain the methodology in two sections hardware and software implementation of the project design and techniques. Chapter four is about the

result and discussion of the result finally chapter five is the conclusion and the recommendations.

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THIS PART PUT IT AFTER 1.1General Overview AND BEFORE THE OBJECTIVES

2.1Background and History:

2.1.1 Low cost arduino/android-based energy-efficient home automation system with smart task scheduling (K Baraka, M Ghobril, etal 2013)

This paper, we make use of Home Automation techniques to design and implement a remotely controlled, energy-efficient and highly scalable Smart

Home with basic features that safeguard the residents' comfort and security. Our system consists of a house network (sensors and appliance actuators to

respectively get information from and control the house environment). As a central controller, we used an Arduino microcontroller that communicates with

an Android application, our user interface. Our house network brings together

both wireless Zigbee and wired X10 technologies, thus making it a costefficient hybrid system. Events can be programmed to be triggered under

specific conditions, and this can have a great role in reducing the total energy consumed by some appliances. On the other hand, the system can suggest smart

task scheduling. The scheduling algorithm we present is a heuristic for the Resource-constrained-scheduling problem (RCPSP) with hybrid objective

function merging both resource-leveling and weighted completion time considerations. 2.1.2

(D Javale, 2013) 4

This paper put forwards the design of home automation and security system using Android ADK. The design is based on a standalone embedded system board Android ADK(Accessory Development Kit) at home. Home appliances

are connected to the ADK and communication is established between the ADK and Android mobile device or tablet. The home appliances are connected to the

input/output ports of the embedded system board and their status is passed to

the ADK. We would develop an authentication to the system for authorized person to access home appliances. The device with low cost and scalable to less

modification to the core is much important. It presents the design and implementation of automation system that can monitor and control home appliances via android phone or tablet.

2.1.3 (F Salamone, 2016)(F Salamone, L Belussi, L Danza, M Ghellere, I Meroni - Sensors, 2016 - mdpi.com).

The article describes the design phase, development and practical application of

a smart object integrated in a desk lamp and called “Smart Lamp”, useful to optimize the indoor thermal comfort and energy savings that are two important

workplace issues where the comfort of the workers and the consumption of the building strongly affect the economic balance of a company. The Smart Lamp

was built using a microcontroller, an integrated temperature and relative humidity sensor, some other modules and a 3D printer. This smart device is

similar to the desk lamps that are usually found in offices but it allows one to

adjust the indoor thermal comfort, by interacting directly with the air conditioner. After the construction phase, the Smart Lamp was installed in an office normally occupied by four workers to evaluate the indoor thermal comfort and the cooling consumption in summer. The results showed how the

application of the Smart Lamp effectively reduced the energy consumption, 5

optimizing the thermal comfort. The use of DIY approach combined with readwrite functionality of websites, blog and social platforms, also allowed to customize, improve, share, reproduce and interconnect technologies so that anybody could use them in any occupied environment.

2.1.4 Implementation of home automation using the latest technology gives us more convenience, security and safety. Smartphone affordability increases

every year and smart phones have begun to play important roles in our daily lives due to their size and portability. Google's Android operating system (OS)

is one of the leading and most preferred smart phones. Controlling home

appliances by using an Android phone gives users the ability to control their home appliances anywhere and at any time while at home.

2.1.5 This study states that the quality of air is a major concern in modern cities as pollutants have been demonstrated to have significant impact on human health. Networks of fixed monitoring stations have been deployed in

urban areas to provide authorities with data to define and enforce dynamically policies to reduce pollutants, for instance by issuing traffic regulation

measures. However, fixed networks require careful placement of monitoring stations to be effective. Moreover, changes in urban arrangement, activities, or

regulations may affect considerably the monitoring model, especially when budget constraints prevent from relocating stations or adding new ones to the

network. In this chapter we discuss a different approach to environmental

monitoring through mobile monitoring devices implementing a Vehicular

Sensor Network (VSN) to be deployed on the public transport bus fleet of Palermo. 2.1.6

Demonstration of direct load control of air conditioners in high density

residential buildings (MAA Pedrasa, MM Oro, NCR Reyes… - Innovative Smart Grid, 2014 - ieeexplore.ieee.org

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2.1.7 The electric power industry is facing several challenges. Some of the

more significant are increasing demand, worsening load factors, requirement for higher reliability by the digital economy, depleting fossil fuel resources, and increasing greenhouse gas emissions of the generation sector resulting to

climate change. Scientists and engineers have proposed numerous solutions to

address these problems, and one of the more promising solutions is demandside management. Demand-side management (DSM) refers to the programs

implemented by utilities to control or influence the consumption of electric

energy at the customer side of the meter [1]. There are several forms of DSM

[2]: incentive-based programs are aimed to maintain system stability and customer participation is voluntary, while price-based programs are designed to flatten the demand curve to avoid price spikes. Examples of incentive-based

programs are demand bidding and capacity market. These are market-based programs, that is, large customers may bid on load reductions in the market and the curtailment may be activated by price thresholds or dispatched. Another example of an incentive-based program is direct load control (DLC),

a program that allows the utility to directly control loads like HVAC equipment, water heaters, pumps, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. In

DLC, participants are given discounts for each equipment (or kW) committed to the program..This paper describes a system that demonstrates direct load

control of air conditioning loads in a high density residential building possibly participating in a market-based demand response program. The system consists of a centralized server software that implements the direct control

algorithm for the air conditioner, a local area network that enables communication between the server and air conditioning units (ACU), a

hardware platform that demonstrates the direct control of an actual ACU through a home area network, and a software that simulates the response of a large number of ACU under direct load control. The direct control program is

initiated when load reduction is desired by the building administrator. The 7

server software scans the entire building for ACU that may be controlled, and

computes the temperature that should be maintained by each unit. The new temperature values are sent to the ACU through the building data network and

home area network, and override the temperature requested by the occupant.

The direct control of an actual ACU is demonstrated, while the response of the

other ACU is simulated. The system was able to demonstrate that load

reduction may be achieved through the coordinated response of a large number of ACU.

2.1.8 KE Leete, TB Hawkins and JL Babb designed air conditioner includes

water heater, fan and water pump. The heater includes tank for storing water; a heat exchanger associated with the tank and being operative to receive

refrigerant and transfer heat there from to the tank, the heat exchanger representatively being a heat conductive tube externally wrapped around the tank in heat conductive contact there with. An air conditioner and a method for

controlling an air conditioner which can operate in at least two operation modes,

such as a cooling mode and heating mode. The capacity of the air conditioner is determined based on a difference between a set temperature and the temperature

detected by a room temperature sensor every time a set time has elapsed, and the amount of variation of the detected temperature over the set time. The

capacity can be controlled using PID control, fuzzy control, genetic algorithm control, or the like. this air conditioning is cooling and heating .but there is possibility of damage to the pump in case of lack of water.[8]

2.1.9 AHH Ali and IM Ismail designed A room Air conditioner for multiple

rooms of a building having a network provided thereto including an outdoor unit, an outdoor unit controller for controlling operation of the outdoor unit,

more than one indoor units, an indoor unit controller for controlling operation of 8

the indoor units, and a main controller connected to the outdoor controller and

the indoor controller through the network for receiving information on operation states and operation conditions of the outdoor unit and the indoor units, and

controlling the outdoor unit controller and the indoor unit controller according

to the information and a preset system algorithm. The indoor unit includes an

indoor cabinet having a suction opening and outlet port for indoor air, an indoor heat exchanger, and an indoor fan. The outdoor unit includes an outdoor cabinet having a suction opening and outlet port for fresh air, an outdoor heat

exchanger, an outdoor fan. The room air conditioner produces less noise

compared to room air conditioners of the prior art .the result of this conditioner

is cooling or heating of air in more than one room, and to save an installation cost, and an efficient and optimal air conditioning operation.[9]

2.1.10 T Kawai designed An air conditioner includes a remote controller that

performs bidirectional communication using radio waves with an air-

conditioner main body. The air-conditioner main body includes a main-body receiver that receives a control signal from the remote controller and a mainbody transmitter that transmits operating information to the remote controller.

The remote controller includes a remote-control transmitter that transmits a

control signal to the main-body receiver, a remote-control receiver that receives the operating information from the main-body transmitter, a display unit that

displays the operating information. The remote controller outputs a start/stop command signal to control the operation of the air conditioning. in this way the air conditioner can be optimally adjusted within short period of time.[10]

2.1.11E muhammed designed the algorithm for intelligent air conditioner

controller. This algorithm is based on fuzzy logic. Inputs taken for the air conditioning system are temperature and humidity sensors and the output is 9

compressor speed. Fuzzy logic gives the measure of the temperature and humidity of the room. Based on these inputs, an output signal is sent to control

the compressor speed. The scale over which membership functions are described is 0°C- 45°C for temperature and 0%-100% for humidity. Each of the

inputs has four triangular membership functions. and The output also have four membership functions

namely “off”, “slow”, “medium”, “fast”. “IF

Temperature is very low AND Humidity is dry THEN Compressor speed is off.

Air conditioners based on such controller are more energy efficient as compared to conventional air conditioners.[11]

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Chapter Two Design tools

The design of the system is divided into two main parts:  Hardware design  Software design

3.1 Hardware design

The hardware design of the system included designing the hardware units and the interfaces between those units the main hardware side parts are:  Sensors

The purpose of these units is to detect (sense) physical conditions which will be explained in the implementation in details that were chosen carefully to achieve

the best performance. The detected data should then be converted into digital formats corresponding to each of the measured values.  Relays

A relay is an electromagnetic switch operated by a relatively small electric

current that can turn on or off a much larger electric current. The heart of a relay is an electromagnet (a coil of wire that becomes a temporary magnet when electricity flows through it).  Frame

The frame is designing by using solid-works program to support the function

which the conditioner does it figure (1) shows the main design for the conditioner and figure (2) shows the internal design. In Emergency situations

there is tow gates behind the fan. The gates will closed when there was fire and

the fan rotates backwards to pull out the smoke throw the upper gates, the upper gates show in figure (3). In cooling situations it well work normally using the 11

principle of water air conditions. In heating situations there is tow DC heater in

each side, the air passes through each heater to the fan which pump the hot air to the room, heart is shown in figure (2).

Figure (3-1): show the main design

Figure (3-2): show the internal design

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Figure (3-3): show the gate

3.2 Hardware components The hardware design started by choosing the following components 3.2.1 Arduino Mega 2560

The Arduino Mega is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega1280

(datasheet). It has 54 digital input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal

oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset button.

It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it

to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started and also it has many others components. The Mega 2560 board is

compatible with most shields designed for the Uno, and is an update to the Arduino Mega.

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Figure(3-4): ARDUINO MEGA

3.2.2 Bread board: A breadboard is a solder less device for temporary prototype with electronics

and test circuit designs. Most electronic components in electronic circuits can be

interconnected by inserting their leads or terminals into the holes and then making connections through wires where appropriate. The breadboard has strips of metal underneath the board and connects the holes on the top of the board.

The metal strips are laid out as shown below. Note that the top and bottom rows

of holes are connected horizontally and split in the middle while the remaining holes are connected vertically.

Figure (3-5): Breadboard 14

3.2.3 Jumper wires Jumpers are used to construction connections between the components there are

many types of them we chose male to male and male to female types. The jumper wires vary in size and color to distinguish the different working signals.

Figure (3-6): Male to Male

3.2.4 Relay board module

This relay module is used to control higher current and voltage by energizing

the relays coils. It does so by providing four relays that are rated for either 10A at 28VDC or 10A at 125VAC. There is an Indication LED for each Relay's Status. With these relays you can control Appliances, Motors, Lights and others.  Relay Module Inputs

The module is supplied with power via the pin labeled VCC and ground via the

pin labeled GND.The relays are energized with low inputs to the IN1, IN2, IN3 and IN4 inputs.

 Relay Module Outputs

There are four relays that each provides dry contact outputs. That is to say that

each relay provides a common (COM), normally open (NO) and a normally closed (NC) terminal.

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Figure (3-7): Relay Module

3.2.5LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) screen is an electronic display module and find a wide range of applications. A 16x2 LCD display is very basic module and is

very commonly used in various devices and circuits.A 16x2 LCD means it can display 16 characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this LCD each character is displayed in 5x7 pixel matrix. This LCD has two registers, namely,

Command .The figure (3-7) showing green liguid crystal Display and Data and the next figure(3-8) showing pin description.

Figure (3-8): Green LCD 16

Figure (3 (3-9): Show Pin Description

3.2.6The Resistor Carbon composition resistors are fixed form resistors. They are made out of fine carbon particles mixed with a binder (for example clay). After baking it has a solid form. Although carbon composition resistors are widely applied in

circuits, the majority of resistors are nowadays made by deposition of a metal or carbon film over a ceramic carrier. Figure (14) show resistor color code.

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Figure (3-10): Resistor Color Code Chart

3.2.9 LM35 Temperature sensor

LM35 is an analog, linear temperature sensor whose output voltage varies

linearly with change in temperature. LM35 is three terminal linear temperature

sensors from National semiconductors as show in figure (3-10). It can measure temperature from-55 degree Celsius to +150 degree Celsius. The voltage output

of the LM35 increases 10mV per degree Celsius rise in temperature. LM35 can be operated from a 5V supply and the stand by current is less than 60uA.

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Figure (3-11): LM35

3.2.10 Water level sensor Water level sensor is an easy-to-use, easy Cost-effective effective high level/drop recognition

sensor, which is obtained by having a series of parallel wires exposed traces

measured droplets/Water volume in order to determine the water level.Easy le to

complete water to analog signal conversion and output analog values can be directly read Arduino development board to achieve the level alarm effect.  Pinout

1- GND (-) 2- +5V

3- Output (S)

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Figure (3-12): water level

3.2.11Pump Is a device for the movement of fluids and is considered an energy conversion

machines, used to raise the fluid or move it from one point to another and is

used to be able to control the momentum of the fluid used with ease way. We used seaflo 350GPH pump as show in figure (17), seaflo is non-automatic bilge

pumps offer water evacuation activated by a panel or float switch. It has larger impeller design and more robust motor allow us to outperform our competitors. It has removable strainer base fits industry standard mounting conventions though, so you'll have no problem changing to us from them.  Features Of The Pump - Quiet operation. - 110°F (43°C) temperature limits. - Stainless steel shaft. - Meets or exceeds, SGS, and ISO standards. - Traditional operation by switch or float switch. - Entirely submersible.

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Figure (3-13): Seaflo Pump

3.2.12 Cooling and Heating Fan Consisting of fins and a rotary motor used in the cases of cooling and heating

and have a velocity of velocities of different (12 and 24) volt, unlike the fins in

the case of the use of a decapitation task to suction air to the inside or outside as in Figure (18) blow.

Figure (3-14): cooling and heating fan

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3.2.13 IR Receiver The basic idea of working in infrared remote control is the use of light to carry signals between the remote control and the device to be controlled, as in Figure (20), infrared light is located in the unseen part of the electromagnetic spectrum.

The remote control (transmitter) emits a pulse of infrared light that represents

specific binary codes. These binary codes correspond to commands, such as turning on, off, entering the temperature, while the receiver works for the IR in the designated device. The light pulses are translated into binary data.

Figure (3-15): IR Receiver 3.2.14Remote Control: In electronics, a remote control is a component of an electronic device used

to operate the device from a distance, usually wirelessly. For example,

in consumer electronics, a remote control can be used to operate devices such as a television set, DVD player, or other home appliance, from a short distance. A remote control is primarily a convenience feature for the user, 22

and can allow operation of devices that are out of convenient reach for direct

operation of controls. In some cases, remote controls allow a person to operate a device that they otherwise would not be able to reach, as when a garage door opener is triggered from outside or when a Digital Light Processing projector that is mounted on a high ceiling is controlled by a person from the floor level.

Early television remote controls (1956-1977) used ultrasonic tones.

Present-day remote controls are commonly consumer infrared devices which send digitally-coded pulses of infrared radiation to control functions such as

power, volume, channels, playback, track change, heat, fan speed, or other

features varying from device to device. Remote controls for these devices are

usually small wireless handheld objects with an array of buttons for adjusting various settings such as television channel, track number,

and volume. For many devices, the remote control contains all the function controls while the controlled device itself has only a handful of essential primary controls. The remote control code, and thus the required remote

control device, is usually specific to a product line, but there are universal

remotes, which emulate the remote control made for most major brand devices.

Figure (3-16) remote control device

3.2.15 Relay 23

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such

as solid-state relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a separate low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one

signal. The first relays were used in long distance telegraph circuits as

amplifiers: they repeated the signal coming in from one circuit and retransmitted it on another circuit. Relays were used extensively in telephone exchanges and early computers to perform logical operations.

A type of relay that can handle the high power required to directly control an electric motor or other loads is called a contactor. Solid-state relays control

power circuits with no moving parts, instead using a semiconductor device to perform

switching.

Relays

with

calibrated

operating

characteristics

andsometimes multiple operating coils are used to protect electrical circuits from overload or faults; in modern electric power systems these functions are performed by digital instruments still called "protective relays".

Fig (3-17) Relay

3.3 Software Implementation and Design: 24

This includes all software requirements for the system functionality:

3.3.1Arduino programming A Computer program to edit the code sketch debug it and to upload it to the Arduino.

3.3.2 Software components We well talk about the software which we use.

3.3.3 Arduino integrated development environment (IDE) The IDE enables you to write and edit code and convert this code into

instructions that Arduino hardware understands. The IDE also transfers those instructions to the Arduino board (a process called uploading).

Figure (3-16): Arduino IDE Sketch Window 25

Figure (3-17): Arduino IDE Logo

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Chapter Three First add a flow chart describing the process with brief decription

Secondly add you next work starting with the block diagram until 3.3.2 Schematic Capture

3.4 Circuit Block Diagram:

Figure (3-18) Block diagram

Figure (3-18) explain the general system block diagram which consist of an arduino mega microcontroller connected with water sensor and LCD monitoring unit and IR sensor Driver ULN2003 Buzzer red and green led indicators and

four relays for interfaces connected with heater and pump and fans two speeds for controlling room temperature degree.

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3.5Circuit simulation:

Figure (3-19) Circuit simulation

Figure (3-19) show the project circuit simulation executed with software for integrated circuit simulation. 3.3 Design implementation:

3.3.1Software Implementation

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prutoues

The general circuit simulation designed by (PROUTUOS Simulation Software Program) which simulate and operation an Integrated circuits diagram for test and execute

3.3.2 Schematic Capture Schematic capture in the Proteus Design Suite is used for both the simulation of designs and as the design phase of a PCB layout project. It is therefore a core component and is included with all product configurations.

Chapter Four

Result and Discussion 29

5.1 Result:

Fig (5-1) show the OFF

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Fig (5-2) show the Automatic setting ON

When the room temperature less than set temperature the pump is on and the fan on for cooling.

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Fig(5-3) show the Automatic setting ON

When the room temperature more than set temperature the heater is on and the fan on for heating.

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Fig(5-4) show Manual mode The manual setting you choose either cooling or heating. 33

Fig(5-5) show Manual cooling fan speed1 34

Fig (5-6) show Manual cooling fan speed2

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Fig (5-7) show the manual heating

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5.2 Discussion:

This air conditioner is cooling and heating system model of air-condition were

use a new techniques along with arduino mega microcontroller system Arduino Mega is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega128054 and has digital

input/output pins (of which 14 can be used as PWM outputs), 16 analog inputs, 4 UARTs (hardware serial ports), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB

connection to the PC and other circuit device as relays and drivers which used for interface between fan motor speed and heater and LEDs indicators when

system act on normal state the system will monitoring the room temperature and

fan speed to an LCD unit the microcontroller system could reset the room temperature when it’s could below the reading.

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Chapter Five

Conclusion and Recommendation

5.1 Conclusion:

This design were controlled using an Arduino Mega Microcontroller technology which is using two unit of Heating and Air-condition. Air-conditioning system

model designed in this project were invented a new technique of hyper system of Heating and conditioning unit in one machine design operated used an embed

system technology for controlling room temperature according to the pre-reset value were entered to the system by user or an operator.

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5.2 Recommendation:

Hypered technology of an Air-conditioning Heating system model which used in designed in this project were invented a new technique of hyper system in

one machine design operated used an embed system technology which is need

for more enhancement technique for more maintainability and efficiency such as:

 Add more design features and quality of design technique.

 Raise the system efficiency by using an extra power source such as rechargeable battery.

 And control using IOT (Internet Of Things) Techniques. ( why? )

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References 1. Works Cited

2. (MAA Pedrasa, M. O. (2014). Demonstration of direct load control of air conditioners in high density. ieee-expo . 3. AAB Hishama, M. I. (2014). Bluetooth-based home automation system using an android phone . Jurnal Teknologi researchgate . 4. D Javale, e. (2013). Home automation and security system using Android ADK . 5. etal, k. B. (2013). Low cost arduino/android-based energy efficient.

6. F Salamone, L. B. (2016). An open source “smart lamp” for the optimization of plant systems and thermal comfort of offices. mdpi . 7. GL Re, P. e. (2014). Urban air quality monitoring using vehicular sensor networks. advanced into internet of things .

8. KE Leete, TB Hawkins, JL Babb ," Apparatus and methods for pre-heating water with air conditioning unit or heat pump",2016

9. AHH Ali, IM Ismail ," HVAC&R Research- Room air conditioner", 2008 10. T Kawai , " air conditioner system", 2016

11. E Muhammad , "Design of intelligent air conditioner controller using fuzzy logic", 2017

12. Abolfazl Salami, Mohammad Mehdi Farsi, "Demand side management using direct load

control for residential and industrial areas", Electric Industry Automation (ICEIA) 2015 International Congress on, pp. 11-16, 2015.

13. Pirathayini Srikantha, Deepa Kundur, "Resilient Distributed Real-Time Demand Response

via Population Games", Smart Grid IEEE Transactions on, vol. 8, pp. 2532-2543, 2017, ISSN 1949-3053.

14. Rajeev Alasseri, T. Joji Rao, K.J. Sreekanth, "Conceptual framework for introducing incentive-based demand response programs for retail electricity markets", Energy Strategy Reviews, pp. , 2017, ISSN 2211467X.

15. Jongkwan Seo, Ju Jin, Jin Young Kim, Jae-Jo Lee, "Automated Residential Demand

Response Based on Advanced Metering InfrastructureNetwork", International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 2016, pp. 1, 2016, ISSN 1550-1329.

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