ISSN 2035-1755 Vol. 1 N. 6 November 2009
International Review of
Chemical Engineering Rapid Communications
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(IRECHE) Editorial: Quality Comes First! by Jordan Hristov
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Contents:
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Utilization of Lime - Polyelectrolyte in Industrial Wastewater Treatment for Recycle and Reuse Purposes by Mahmood M. Barbooti, Ahmad A. Moosa, Mahdi Sh. Jaafar
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Hydrothermal Recovery of Boron from Liquid Bittern by G. El Diwani, Sh. El Rafie, S. Hawash
492
A Case Study Concerning Physicochemical Characteristics and Purification Outputs of Oil Refinery Wastewater Treatment Station (Samir, Sidi Kacem, Morocco) by A. Haidar, A. Saad, M. Fadli, A. Chaouch, A. Echchelh
501
Modeling Heat and Mass Transfer in Breaded Chicken Nuggets During Deep Fat Frying by Michael Ngadi, Yunfeng Wang
506
Modeling of the Adsorption of Phenol on the Commercial Activated Carbon by Experimental Design by S. Meski, F. Aissani, H. Khireddine
515
An Alternative Analysis of a Mass Transfer Laboratory Experiment by Mukhtar Bello, Abdullah A. Shaikh
520
Modelling and Simulation of Evacuation Processes of Pollutants in the Room by Marius-Constantin Popescu, Luminita-Georgeta Popescu, Cristinel Popescu
525
Studies on Halide-Induced Corrosion on Different Types of Steel by G. Bassioni
547
Zinc Adsorption and its Thermodynamic Parameters in Cambisols by Lúcia H. G. Chaves, Hugo O. C. Guerra, Iêde de B. Chaves
552
The Noisy Behaviour of Avalanches in Cohesive Powders by M. A. S. Quintanilla, J. M. Valverde, A. Castellanos
557
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Benchmarking of the Construct of Dimensionless Correlations Regarding Batch Bubble Columns with Suspended Solids: Performance of the Pressure Tranform Approach by Jordan Hristov
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Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
International Review of Chemical Engineering Rapid Communications
(IRECHE) Editor-in-Chief: Prof. Jordan Hristov Department of Chemical Engineering University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy “KLIMENT OHRIDSKY”, Blvd. 1756 Sofia, 8 – BULGARIA Managing Editor: Prof. Santolo Meo, FEDERICO II University - 21, Claudio – I80125, Naples – Italy.
Editorial Board: (Singapore) (Canada) (Slovenia) (France) (Mexico) (Israel) (Brazil) (Italy) (Italy) (India) (Canada) (U.S.A.) (Russia) (Turkey) (Spain) (China) (Canada) (Bulgaria)
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Kulish Vladimir Larachi Faical Levec Janez Luo Lingai Margulis Raul Bautista Oron Alexander Perez Victor Haber Pirozzi Domenico Poletto Massimo Ravi Kumar Saghir Ziad Serbezov Atanas Sharypov Oleg Vladimirovich Tosun Ismail Valverde Millan Jose-Manuel Zhu Qingshan Zhu Jesse Zimparovv Ventsislav
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(Turkey) (U.S.A.) (France) (U.S.A.) (U.K.) (Turkey) (Italy) (Iran) (U.S.A.) (New Zealand) (Germany) (France) (Morocco) (France) (China) (Egypt) (Bulgaria) (Ukraine) (India)
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Abbasov Teymuraz Al Hayk Yousef Bennacer Rachid Coppens Marc-Olivier Delichatsios Michael Denizli Adil Di Felice Renzo Esfahani Javad A. Fan Maohong Farid Mohammed Fernandez –Lahore M. Gonthier Yves Gourich Bouchaib Gros Fabrice Guo Qingjie Hamdy Abdel Salam Ivanova Viara Kosoy Boris Krishnaiah Kamatam
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International Review of Chemical Engineering (I.RE.CH.E.), Vol. 1, N. 6 November 2009
Utilization of Lime - Polyelectrolyte in Industrial Wastewater Treatment for Recycle and Reuse Purposes Mahmood M. Barbooti, Ahmad A. Moosa, Mahdi Sh. Jaafar
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Abstract – In the present work the combined effect of lime and polyelectrolyte (CPE) on the removal of pollutants of synthetic and real wastewater from textile plant to end up with acceptable water quality for some uses. Laboratory tests were first carried out to establish the optimum values of the operating parameters to apply them at a pilot level. The CPE addition with lime as the main coagulants was advantageous in lowering the amounts of lime significantly. The effects of the settling velocity and the dosage of the coagulants were studied on the efficiency of removal of color, turbidity, COD and TSS. Lime (CaO) solution by 35-40 mg/L with addition of polyelectrolyte (1-1.25mg/L) proved very effective. The results indicated good removal efficiencies for Turbidity 87-90%, TSS 81-85%, TDS 30-32% and color by 40-45%. The best removal efficiencies can be achieved by applying a speed of mixing of (120- 130 rpm) with detention time 2-3 min, for the coagulation step and (30-35 rpm) for 20-25 min for the flocculation step. The results were discussed in terms of the Zeta potential approach. Finally, flow rates at level of 80100 L/hr were more efficient to produce high quality treated water, for the mechanical mixing pilot plant. Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved. Keywords: Wastewater treatment, Lime-polyelectrolyte combination, Recycle, Reuse
Introduction
than 90% removal for sulfur dye could be achieved [5]. Textile industry is a large consumer of water (150 – 200 m3 per metric ton of finished goods) and large amounts of wastewater is discharged to surface water resources. However, chemicals like starch, dye stuff, auxiliaries, alkalis, acids, detergents, etc, are considered pollutants in terms of BOD, COD, pH, TDS, Color, hardness, and turbidity. Unexhausted soluble reactive dyes present in the textile dyeing effluent exhibit their color which is highly objectionable from the environment [6]. The textile effluent is generally multi-colored and when disposed into river water reduces the depth of penetration of sun light into the water environment. This in turn decreases photosynthetic activity and dissolved oxygen [7]. Ghayeni et al [8] found that dyes in textile wastewater can be eliminated by various methods. Ozone is a powerful oxidant and once dissolved in water, it reacts with a great number of organic compounds. Orhon et al [9] used two different ozone feeding rates to achieve 80% removal efficiency for TDS. The COD values could only be lowered from 1180 to 350 mg/L and the color was reduced from 720 to 25 pt.Co. Chemical oxidations by ozone or a combination of UV – radiation and ozone have received good interest but their costs are still very high, [10]. High COD removal was achieved with chemical oxidation with ozone and with ozone/U.V. (≤30 mg/l). Wastewater was coagulated with FeCl3 and the color reduction due to the application of hydrogen peroxide increased from 61% to 71%, and COD from 51% to 63%
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In response to increasingly stringent environmental regulations, many companies are actively seeking ways to minimize waste generation. A small fraction of the raw material is lost as waste; consumed or degraded processing aids, including water, also become part of the waste stream. Challenges for engineers are to strive for the best process designs that emphasize waste minimization [1]. Reuse means using water in an open system for two successive but different purposes, the second of which is usually less demanding than the first, and therefore a poorer quality of water may be accepted. There are several principal categories of wastewater reuse including agricultural irrigation, fire protection, air conditioning, toilet flushing, construction water, and flushing of sanitary sewers [2] and [3]. Recycling is the use of wastewater that is captured and redirected back into the same water use scheme. By this process many specific treatment operations and valuable chemicals added to the water to suit that certain purpose will be retained. Above all are the increasing value of water and the limitation of the resources and the increasing demand for clean water in various human uses. The treatment techniques, although effective in color removal, have their associated problems that restricted the application. Dziubek and Kowal [4] used dolomite as coagulant at a dose of 300 mg/L to yield colorless and clear effluent, associated with total organic carbon, TOC, and COD removal of (65%) and (60%) respectively. Using MgCO3 at 1000 mg/l and pH value of 10, more
Manuscript received and revised October 2009, accepted November 2009
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Copyright © 2009 Praise Worthy Prize S.r.l. - All rights reserved
Mahmood M. Barbooti, Ahmad A. Moosa, Mahdi Sh. Jaafar
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Experimental II.1.
Apparatus
Jar test model Floc Tester CHC (Hoelze and Chelus, KG) was used. The pH 211 meter (Hanna Instruments) was used for the pH, temperature and electrical conductivity (EC) measurements. Turbidity was measured by Hach A 2001(Lab Turbidity meter). Color was measured by HI 83000 Multi-parameter Bench photometer with a range of 0.0 to 500 Pt-Co and reading accuracy of ±5%. A 1.0-L graduated cylinder filled with 12cm sand layer and 4 cm gravel was used as a small scale sand filter. II.2.
Pilot Plant
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The pilot Plant is schematically shown in Fig. 1. The plant includes a mixing tank of 45 x 60 cm (o.d. x h) equipped with a turbine agitator with 6 blades and a speed regulator; a rectangular steel settling tank 45 x 90 x 35 cm (depth x L x w) with two steel plates (35 x 40 cm) inserted facing the inlet and the outlet pipes; a sand filter comprising a steel column of 20 x 100 cm (i.d x depth) filled with sand, 60cm, placed above a granular layer of 25 cm depth gradually increases with grain size from 1 to 65 mm as a bottom layer to support the sand layer and enhance the backwash procedure. The dosing pump used ensures 0- 10.8 L/hr output to supply the lime – suspension to the mixing tank. A mechanical stirrer was used to keep the lime particles in suspension. The PE dosing was done manually. A steel tank of 300-liter capacity was used to collect all the drains, overflows and backwash fluids.
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[11]. Another modified advanced treatment of textile wastewater for reuse benefited from electrochemical oxidation combined with membrane filtration by [12] to improve the efficiency of color removal up to 95%. A number of membrane processes ranging from microfiltration, MF, ultrafiltration, UF, to reverse osmosis, RO, are available depending upon the target compounds that need to be removed, but their energy consumption is high [13]. Abdessemed and Nezzal [14] used biological method followed by Nano-filtration, NF, for the treatment of wastewater from a printing, dyeing and finishing textile plant and got very low COD (
