categorical quantum theory, 473 category studies, 480. 485. Quantum Structural Studies Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com .... quantum Darwinism, 5â6.
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A
block world, 88–89 Bogoliubov transformation, 442 Bohm’s theory, 476 Bohm, David, 11, 78, 458, 469, 477–478, 481 Bohmian conception, 12 Bohmian mechanics, 180, 183–184, 187–189, 191, 193–195 Bohmian theory, 87 Bohr’s Complementarity, 11 Bohr, Niels, 11, 77–81, 83, 85–86, 88, 90–93, 95–96, 98–99, 101, 436 Boltzmann’s atomic hypothesis, 100 Born probability interpretation, 167 Born Rule, 88, 429 bottom-up thinking, 469 bound states, 427–428, 430–431 bound system, 428 Bub, Jeffrey, 87
absolute truths, 140, 155 absorber, 95–96, 428, 429 absorption, 431 Aharonov–Bergmann–Lebowitz rule, 89 aleatoric uncertainty, 140, 156 algebra of operators, 448 algebraic formalism, 448 Anderson, Philip, 457 angular momentum, 359 answer amplitude, 167 antirealism, 94–95, 180 Auletta, Gennaro, 457 B Bacciagaluppi, Guido, 458 basis of the energy, 453 pointer, 438 preferred, 438, 440, 450–452, 457–458 privileged, 458 beable, 87 Bell inequalities, 473, 478 Bell, John S., 87, 478, 481 binary answer, 166 binary conflicts, 138 binary detector, 165 binary question, 166
C canonical transformations, 335, 344, 346–347, 350–351, 354, 357 Cartesian product, 2 Casati–Prosen model, 441, 454 Castagnino, Mario, 444 categorical quantum theory, 473 category studies, 480 485
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center-of-mass, 2–3, 11, 472, 474, 482 characteristics, 338–339 chronology protection conjecture, 164 classical electrodynamics, 179 classical limit, 177, 189–190, 194–196, 435–436, 438, 441, 444, 457, 459 classical mechanics, 179, 185, 188–189, 193, 196, 364 Newton’s theory, 186–187 classical robustness under time-reversal, 402, 405, 417, 422 classical world, 176, 188–191, 194 Clebsch parameters, 349–350 closed system, 141 closed timelike curves, 149 coarse-grainings, 442–443, 445–446 coherent state, 90, 96 collapse models, 5 collapse of the wave function, 457 collapse(s), 78, 93–96, 181, 402–403, 405, 408–409, 411, 414–415, 417–422 commutator, 358 complementarity, 80, 83, 87, 93, 99 complexity, 148 composite systems, 427 configuration space, 180–181 confirmation wave, 95, 428 conservation law, 341 consistent histories, 148 contextual truth, 140 contextuality, 93, 98, 137 contextually incomplete, 159 continuity equation, 337, 341, 352 coordinate transformation, 342 Copenhagen interpretation, 11 correlations, 439, 443, 445, 459 correspondence limit, 365 correspondence principle, 436 CPT theorem, 147 Crull, Elise, 457 current density, 361, 372
D d’Espagnat, Bernard, 457 Davies, P. C. W., 428 de Broglie wavelength, 191 de Broglie, Louis, 458 de Broglie–Bohm quantum theory, 470 de Broglie–Bohm theory, 334–335, 365–366 decoherence time, 437–438, 440, 450, 452, 454 decoherence, 98, 148, 190, 193–194, 366–367, 404–407, 414–417, 420, 453 bottom-up view, 435, 438, 458 closed-system approach, 439, 447–450, 452–456, 459 environment-induced, 435, 437, 439, 447, 451–452 in closed systems, 453 non-dissipative approaches, 454 open-system approach, 439–440, 453, 455, 458–459 relative, 435, 438, 454–456, 458 self-induced, 438, 451, 453 top-down view, 435, 438, 459–460 deformation matrix, 340 deformation theory, 436 density operator, 446, 450 de Broglie oscillation, 91 dialogue architecture, 142 direct-action theory, 428 displacement function, 334, 336 dissipation, 454–455 downwards causation, 140, 155 E e-physics, 146, 149 effective guiding wave packet, 192 Ehrenfest theorem, 190, 436 Einstein locality principle, 141 Einstein, Albert, 95 Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (see also EPR), 77, 150 Elby, Andrew, 457
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page 487
Quantum Structural Studies Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 139.81.73.10 on 07/03/18. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.
Index electromagnetic field, 179 electromagnetic waves, 89 elements of reality, 100, 150 emergence, 139, 152, 438, 441, 443–444, 455–456, 459 emission, 430 emitter, 429 empiricism, 137 endophysical observers, 155 endophysics, 138 entanglement relativity, 477 entanglement, 83, 429, 431, 459 environment, 450 epistemic uncertainty, 140, 156 Euler’s force law, 342 Euler–Lagrange equation, 353, 356 Euler-type force law, 337 Eulerian picture, 353 Eulerian quantum hydrodynamics, 336 Everett, Hugh, 458, 482 Everettian interpretation, 5 Everettian mechanics, 183 Everettian picture, 8 evolution coarse-grained, 447 irreversible, 447 non-unitary, 447, 451 reversible, 447 unitary, 445, 447, 452, 456, 460 Exophysics, 138 expectation values, 362, 446 F Faraday, Michael, 100 fermionic symmetry, 147 Feynman, R. P., 143 flashes, 182, 184–185, 188, 194–195 fluid dynamics, 334 Fortin, Sebastian, 444 frame of reference, 80 functional derivative, 345 functionals, 448 fundamental physical theories, 176–178, 185, 196
487
G Gambini, Rodolfo, 442 gauge transformation, 352, 356 generalized proposition classification, 143 generalized proposition, 142 generating functional, 354 GRW theory, 180–182 H Hamilton’s equations, 344, 348, 351–352, 355 Hamiltonian, 344–346, 348, 350, 355, 357, 362, 439–440 Heisenberg cut, 155 Heisenberg representation, 442 Hemmo, Meir, 458 Hessian, 344, 346–347, 355 hidden variables, 140 hidden-variable theory, 334 Hilbert spaces, 439, 446 holism, 460 hydrodynamics, 349 hydrogen atom, 427–428, 472 I incipient transactions, 96 indistinguishability, 460 infinite regress, 144 information void, 157 interference, 437–438, 441, 447, 450, 455–456 interpretation of quantum mechanics many-world, 458 modal, 458 modal-Hamiltonian, 459 relative state, 458 irreversibility, 444–445, 447 irreversible, 437, 444 isolated system, 141, 157 K Kelvin’s circulation theorem, 339 Kelvin’s theorem, 342
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kinetic energy, 360 Kochen–Specker theorem, 139 L Quantum Structural Studies Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by 139.81.73.10 on 07/03/18. Re-use and distribution is strictly not permitted, except for Open Access articles.
b2526-index
labstate, 165 Lagrangian picture, 353 Lagrangian quantum hydrodynamics, 340 Lagrangian, 356 Large Hadron Collider, 159 law of motion, 179, 186 law of temporal evolution, 182 law of nature, 179 law of motion, 176 Legendre transformation, 353 linear momentum, 359 Liouville space, 439 Liouville theorem, 445 Liouville–von Neumann equation, 440 local beables, 179 local plane waves, 191–192, 194–195 logical proposition, 139 Lombardi, Olimpia, 444 M Mach, Ernst, 100–101 macroscopic objects, 80, 195–197 macroscopic, 185 macroscopic physical objects, 178 macroscopic scale, 190, 193–194 macroscopic superpositions, 180, 183 superpositions, 184 macroscopic, 79, 85, 97 many-worlds, 148, 161, 180, 183–185 mass density(-ies), 184, 187 mathematical metaphysics, 162 Mathematical Universe hypothesis, 146 matter density, 193, 195 continuous material field, 183 matter field, 182 three-dimensional matter field, 184 matter field, 194 Maxwell’s equations, 335, 353 McMullin, Ernest, 90, 101
measurement problem, 83, 180–181, 183, 185, 402, 436, 438, 456, 458 measuring the wave function, 363 Minsky, M., 144 Modal interpretation, 5 Mott, N., 146 N Newton’s second law, 342 Newton, 334 nomological variables, 178–180, 186–188, 190 non-locality, 141 non-unitary canonical transformations, 347 noumenon, 101 Nullius in verba, 141 O objective, 443–444, 455, 458–459 observables algebra of, 459 collective, 437 expectation values, 447–452, 455–456 gross, 451 irrelevant, 450 macroscopic, 451 relevant, 447, 449–456, 459 space of, 448, 452 van Hove, 451 observer theory, 168 observer, 441, 443–444, 455 Ockham’s razor, 148 offer wave, 95, 97, 428 Omn`es, Roland, 447 open system, 141 P paradigm shift, 196 parameters, 155 partial traces, 439–440, 449 participatory principle, 154 particles, 150, 179–180, 182, 184, 186, 191, 196
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Index Pauli, Wolfgang, 101 phonons, 153 photon, 89–91, 96–99, 150 physically equivalent, 188–189 physically real, 94 Planck’s constant, 99 PO approach, 177–178, 180–182, 184–185, 189, 195–196 Poisson brackets, 344–345, 347, 355, 358 polar representation, 336, 347 pomeron, 153 possibilist transactional interpretation, 96, 429 post-selection, 401, 409, 422 potentiae, 95 pragmatism, 86–87 preferred observable(s), 431–432 preferred structure, 3, 5, 472 primary observer, 158 primitive ontology (PO), 5, 94, 176, 183, 186–191, 193–195 principle of contextual completeness, 143 protective measurements, 362, 364 Q quantization condition, 337 quantized vortices, 338 quantum coherent state, 89 quantum computation, 440 quantum Darwinism, 5–6 quantum decoherence, 5, 10 quantum entanglement, 475 quantum fluid, 337 quantum information, 5, 9 quantum measurements, 10, 401, 406, 414 quantum mechanics top-down view, 439, 456, 459 quantum operator calculus, 357, 359 quantum phase space, 344 quantum potential, 348 Quantum Register Physics, 163 quantum revolution, 196
489
quantum teleportation, 8 quasi-classical wave function, 191 quasi-distribution function, 360 Qubism, 481 qubits, 147 R r-physics, 144, 149 reductionism, 139, 152, 469 reference frames, 81–82 relational concept, 480 relative external context, 154 relative internal context, 154 relative particle, 472 Renniger thought experiment, 165 Riemannian manifold, 343 S scattering matrix, 430 Schlosshauer, Maximilian, 454, 457 Schmidt canonical form, 2, 8 Schr¨ odinger equation, 95, 336, 460 Schr¨ odinger Cat paradox, 80 Schr¨ odinger’s Cat, 86 Schwarzschild radius, 160 Schwinger, J., 147 scientific realism, 180 scientific realists, 175–177 second law of thermodynamics, 98 signal state, 166 single-valuedness of the wave function, 334 single-valuedness, 337, 340, 366 slowly varying potentials, 191 Snyder, H. S., 158 Solaris, 154 special relativity, 436 spontaneous collapse theories Ghirardi, Rimini, and Weber, 95 state reduction, 148 states classical, 435–437, 457 coarse-grained, 437, 439, 445–448, 450–451, 458 final, 445, 447
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initial, 439–440 mixture, 437 pure, 437 quantum, 435–436, 441, 445–447, 458 reduced, 437, 439–440, 444–449, 452, 457–459 statistical, 445 Stern–Gerlach experiment, 469, 473, 476, 478–479 Stern–Gerlach, 11, 471 structuralism, 181 superpositions, 193–194, 437, 440, 457–458 supervenience supervenes, 183
unitary evolution, 334 unitary transformation, 346 universe, 441 Roberson–Walker, 454 upwards causation, 140, 155
T
Wallace, 7 wave function ontology approach, 181, 195–196 wave function ontology, 176–177 wave functions, 180–185, 188, 190–195 wave packets, 190 wave-particle duality, 368 weak measurements, 401–402, 406–410, 412–414, 422 Wheeler and Feynman absorber theory, 428 Wheeler, J. A., 143 Wheeler, J., 151 wholeness, 85 Wigner transform, 436
Theory of Everything, 144 theory of forms, 152 thermal interactions, 98 three-dimensional space, 176, 178, 181, 185, 187, 195–196 three-dimensional, 179 top-down approach, 10–11, 469–471, 473 trajectory representation of the state, 335 transactional interpretation, 5, 95, 181, 428 Tsirelson’s problem, 473, 480 Two state vector formalism (see also TSVF), 404, 406, 409, 416, 420 U uncertainty principle, 162 uncertainty, 79–80, 86
V vacuous propositions, 139, 155, 160 validation, 159 velocity field, 360, 371 “virtual” wave packets, 192 von Neumann measurement transition, 95 von Neumann, John, 429 W
Z Zeh, Heinz-Dieter, 447 Zurek, Wojciech, 441–443
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