CLOUD AND VIRTUALIZATION IN LINUX

Comparative European Research

CER 2015 (issue II.)

CLOUD AND VIRTUALIZATION IN LINUX ENVIRONMENT Martina Drahošová - Vincent Karovič Comenius University, Faculty of Management Odbojárov 10, P. O. Box 95 Bratislava, 82005, Slovakia +421250117474 [email protected] - [email protected] Abstract: The basic idea behind the article is to analyze the possibility use of Linux and open source for deployment of the private cloud environment and wide range of applications. This includes analysis of the necessary software and hardware components, as well organizational needs, costs and human resources. The article deals with the bases of various software functionalities and offers a selection of specific functional deployment of private cloud solutions. The aim of the article is to give information about possibilities in private cloud computing and virtualization software based on open source OpenStack and Ubuntu. Keywords: cloud, Linux, OpenSource, virtualization, data storage This method of mediatorial service is a baseline precondition for all architectures of virtualized services. In such virtualization, the communication does not take place directly between the client and process of doing, but by using mediatorial service. Then all the used components work together regardless of their physical location. This allows independent ownership of each level. In the service-oriented architecture that provides a high degree of flexibility. Service virtualization allows organizations to use wide possibilities offered by cloud computing. Virtualization of services cannot be confused with cloud computing. Virtualization of services is actually a flexible set of design principles in the development and implementation of the system. Cloud computing could be used for computing and services on global networks, sharing resources, information and software. It may be, as appropriate, provided as a public service. Such a process promotes the free access connection and minimal dependence between different parts of the system. As a consequence, the change of the system has minimal effect on the system as a whole. The difference is in drawing attention to the use of services horizontal to vertical use of services. At the service-oriented architecture, one service means only one business need. However, if these services are combined, it creates actually enterprise application or solution. In this case, the services are already horizontal.

1. Introduction The first point of this article is the fact that currently is here increasing emphasis on environmental behavior of enterprises, but also the whole society and the "green" direction. Together with rising energy prices are increasingly showing the benefits of virtualization and cloud solutions. This will signify into lower costs, for example by reducing the number of real PCs in the enterprise, but also the whole society. From the perspective of the client could be used for multiple operating systems and services as primary real operating system, allowing to greater unification and uniformity of application equipment, as well as better data consistency. Virtualization and cloud technologies are for the following reasons increasingly important. Notion, the important technologies, is that type of technologies that currently has or is likely to affect the future business model. Cloud technologies due to its innovativeness bring big changes to several corporate processes. Nowadays, referred as age of information technologies it is an essential tool for every company, but also for the whole society, appropriately managing and resolving method of communication, data storage and appropriate use of various application software. About any topic in the field of information technologies is not so often discussed as on model of services and cloud computing. The name Cloud, takes its name from a lay point of view of the logic of such a system. It combines in itself an infrastructure and platform and services. The whole system is then provided to the client as a single product. Cloud computing is changing the view of the functioning and financing of systems, while cloud offers new possibilities and opportunities on the IT market.

3. Analysis of Open Source Cloud Software Today, modern technology come into consideration of various choices of software for building cloud solutions, but to build a self-contained system with full control, based on open source and virtualization, there is significantly less choices. Possible strong alternative is OpenStack, CloudStack and Eucalyptus. OpenStack developed Rackspace and NASA together in 2010 and currently is a massively supported and used by major software and hardware world giants. Eucalyptus compared to OpenStack and CloudStack is the longest standing open source project underpinned by its very close technical ties with Amazon Web Services with the intent to persuade businesses to go the hybrid route in

2. Virtualization Services in the Cloud Virtualization services are linked to an architecture that is oriented to service-oriented architecture. It is a set of services to each other in complicated way connecting and communicating with each other. It means to ensure mutual bonding of these services. The service is most frequently located between the client services and execution services.

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the area of the cloud computing. Allow run private clouds under the software Eucalyptus and seamlessly provide the transition to Amazon public cloud when needed.

across business. OpenStack has a strong ecosystem, is managed by a nonprofit foundation and users who are looking for commercial support can choose from a variety of OpenStack-powered products and services on the market. OpenStack supports functions such as the management of floating IP addresses of security, availability zones and command line client in Python. OpenStack has a modular architecture with different names of its components. OpenStack Compute (Nova), controller, is a major component of IaaS. It is designed to manage and automate IT resource and can work with commercially available virtualization technologies, as well as for high performance computing configurations. It is written in Python and uses a lot of external libraries such as Eventlet (for concurrent programming), Kombu (AMQP for communication), and SQL Alchemy (for database access). OpenStack Object Repository (SWIFT) is a scalable redundant storage system. Objects and files are written to multiple disk units located throughout the data center, with OpenStack software responsible for ensuring data replication and integrity of the entire cluster. Storage Clusters can scale horizontally simply by adding new servers. If the server or hard drive fails, OpenStack will copy the contents of the active nodes to new locations in the cluster. In this case can be used inexpensive hard drives and servers on a larger volume.

4. OS Choice Ubuntu has been tested as the main supporting operating system with version 14.04 for cloud-based OS. Cannonical provides native support for their systems and OpenStack, also provide private hosting named BootStack. The big advantage is the version available with port for the 64-bit ARM architecture and ARM version is officially supported for the server platform. Giving preference to the ARM architecture can create considerable savings in electric energy. During installation is quite significant to set management of Disk Format LVM (Linux Volume Manager). This method of storage management allows to create from two or more hard drives integrated compact storage or to create the mirror for higher security against data loss. The mirror system can be assembled using LVM either to external media. In case of failure of internal disk the system can be restored. Ubuntu is one of the most popular operating systems for deployment of OpenStack. The fastest way for deploy OpenStack in enterprise precisely consists in the solutions and support tools such as Juju, MAAS, Landscape. Juju is a tool to orchestrate services via a graphical interface and allows one of the quickest ways to deploy OpenStack, or any complex workloads to public or private cloud. Canonical has created Metal as a Service (MAAS), system that allows quick and easy adjustment of the physical hardware on which is possible to deploy scalable, comprehensive services, such as Ubuntu OpenStack for cloud infrastructure. MAAS is software that allows bonding of different hardware to create server clusters. Landscape, is robust tool for systems management that allows monitoring cloud resources and draws attention to potential problems. It offers a complete solution for managing software for Ubuntu, including management and compliance functions. Landscape allows management of computers in bulk and ensures the integrity of the network configuration but it is also possible to set custom groups and subgroups for the different management structures in environment.

Figure 1: OpenStack: The Open Source Cloud Operating System OpenStack Block Storage (Cinder) provides permanent storage, block-level storage for use with OpenStack. Cinder manages creating, connecting and disconnecting block devices for servers. Cinder is fully integrated into OpenStack Compute and Dashboard allowing users to manage their own cloud storage requirements. In addition to local storage of Linux server can be used for storage platforms, including CEPH, CloudByte, Coraid, EMC (ScaleIO, VMAX and VNX), GlusterFS, Hitachi Data Systems, IBM Storage (Storwize family, SAN Volume Controller, XIV Storage System, and GPFS ), LIO Linux, NetApp, Nexenta, Scality, SolidFire, HP (StoreVirtual and 3PAR StoreServ family) and Pure Storage. Block Storage is suitable for performance-sensitive data, such as database storage, expandable system files.

5. OpenStack OpenStack software can manage a large number of computing, storage and network resources across the data center, and provide control via the dashboard (Horizon) or through the OpenStack API. OpenStack works with popular business entities such as AT & T, AMD, Avaya, Canonical, Cisco, Dell, EMC, Ericsson, Go Daddy, Hewlett-Packard, Huawei, IBM, Intel, Mellanox, Mirante, NEC, NetApp, Nexenta, Oracle, PLUMgrid Pure Storage, Red Hat, SolidFire, SUSE Linux, Cannonical, as well as many other open source technologies, making it ideal for heterogeneous infrastructure. Hundreds of the world's largest brands rely on OpenStack in the operation of its business, reducing costs and helping them move faster

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OpenStack Networking (Neutron, formerly Quantum) is a system for managing networks and IP addresses. Neutron provides network where is no as an obstacle and even limiting factor in cloud deployment and provides users with self-service ability, even across network configurations. Nutron provides network models for different applications or user groups. Standard models are flat network or VLAN to separate the servers and network. Neutron manages IP addresses, which would enable a static IP address or DHCP. Floating IP addresses can be dynamically redirected to any other power in the IT infrastructure so that users can redirect traffic during maintenance or in case of failure. Users can create their own networks to manage communication and linking servers, devices with one or more networks. Neutron provides enhanced deploy and manage additional network services such as intrusion detection systems (IDS), load balancing, firewalls and virtual private networks (VPN). OpenStack Dashboard (Horizon) is dashboard that provides for administrators and users graphical interface to access, the provision and automate cloud-based resources. The design accommodates the products and the services of third parties, such as billing, monitoring, and other management tools. Horizon is one of several ways that users can interact with OpenStack resources. Developers can automate access or build tools for managing resources using OpenStack API or API compatibility to Amozon EC2. OpenStack Identity (Keystone) provides a central directory of users mapped at the OpenStack service to which they have access. It supports multiple forms of authentication including standard, user name, password, credentials, tokens systems AWS-style (Amazon Web Services) login. In addition, it lists all the services deployed in the OpenStack cloud in a register. Users and third-party tools can programmatically determine which resources will be available. OpenStack Image Service (Glance) provides detection, registration and delivery services for disk images and images of servers. The stored images may be used as a template. Glance can store disk images and servers including OpenStack Object Storage. Image Service API provides a standard REST interface to query information about the disk image and allows clients to transfer images to new servers. OpenStack Telemetry Service (Ceilometer) provides a single point of contact for billing systems. OpenStack Orchestration (Heat) is a service that allows you to organize more cloud applications using templates. OpenStack Database (Trove) is database as service (DaaS), relational and non-relational management database architecture. OpenStack Bare Metal Provisioning (Ironic) is a project which aims to manage the provision of real instead of virtual machines. Multiple Tenant Cloud Messaging (Zaqar) is a multitenant cloud system services for web developers. It combines the idea of Amazon SQS product with support for special events.

OpenStack Elastic Map Reduce (Sahara) aims to provide users with a simple means of delivering Hadoop cluster by entering a few parameters such as the Hadoop version topology clusters, nodes, hardware details, and a few others. After the user fills in all the parameters Sahara deploys monastery within minutes. Sahara also provides a means at a scale of already provided clusters, adding and removing of working nodes on request. 6. Virtualization Resources For the needs of OpenStack cloud system is important to choose the most satisfactory production virtualization software. It has a great impact on the functionality of cloud solutions and can fundamentally alter the functionality and manageability of the production environment. This could be: Kernel-based Virtual Machine (KVM), Quick Emulator (QEMU), Linux Containers (LXC), XEN, Usermode Linux (UML), Hyper-V, VMware vSphere. Where Hyper-V. VMWare vSphere are proprietorial virtualization software, which is freely available. 6. Conclusions The article deals with the issue of private cloud for organizations based on OpenStack software and with the functionality of suitable operating system for server environment deployment. Also the desirability of use the ARM architecture infrastructure for cost, energy savings and smaller environmental burden. In any solution or plans for the provision of services, it is appropriate to mention the risks and disadvantages that are associated with it. Cloud solutions can allow various forms of danger. At first glance the design of information system, which is based on outsourced cloud solutions, must be clear that comes to separation of corporate information environment from the internal environment of the company and this is risky. Just distribution of information infrastructure for internal and external conditions is giving new risks. These risks can significantly jeopardize the functioning of information systems and whole organization future. There is no such separation in private cloud and therefore less risk. Another issue is ensuring connectivity to the data cloud source for workers if they need access to data from the external environment. The basic precondition for the solution to this problem is reliable and high-speed connection to the Internet. The whole solution is based on Open Source Software products and is therefore free. For full functionality of enterprise cloud it can be ensured without the use of proprietary software, but for full deployment can also be used proprietary management tools, support or accelerate the implementation and management of those systems. References [1] BARETT, D. - KIPPER, G. Virtualization and Forensics: A Digital Forensic Investigator's Guide to Virtual Environments, Syngress, 2010, ISBN 1597495573 [2] Blem, E. A Detailed Analysis of Contemporary ARM and x86 Architectures, Jaikrishnan Menon, Karthikeyan Sankaralingam University of Wisconsin - Madison

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[3] Disruptive Information Technology Innovation Model model from Carlo (Carlo, et al., 2011 pp. 93-96) [4] Girish L. S. - Guruprasad H. S. BuildingPrivate Cloud using OpenStack, International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), ISSN 2278-6856 [5] http://www.networkworld.com/article/2166407/cloudcomputing/stack-wars--openstack-v--cloudstack-v-eucalyptus.html [6] http://www.ubuntu.com/server [7] http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud/tools/juju [8] http://www.ubuntu.com/cloud/tools/maas [9]http://www.ubuntu.com/management/landscapefeatures [10] http://www.rackspace.com/cloud/openstack [11] https://wiki.openstack.org/wiki/HypervisorSupportM atri x#Compute_Drivers [12] Sonali Y. Comparative Study on Open Source Software for Cloud Computing Platform: Eucalyptus, Openstack and Opennebula, International Journal Of Engineering And Science, Vol.3, Issue 10 (October 2013), pp 51-54, ISSN (e): 2278-4721, ISSN (p):2319-6483.

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