Computer Systems Organization

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Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0. Magnetic Disks (1). A portionĀ ...
Magnetic Disks (1)

A portion of a disk track. Two sectors are illustrated.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Magnetic Disks (2)

A disk with four platters. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

Magnetic Disks (3)

A disk with five zones. Each zone has many tracks. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

SCSI Disks

Some of the possible SCSI parameters. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

RAID (1) Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

RAID levels 0 through 2. Backup and parity disks are shown shaded. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

RAID (1) Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks

RAID levels 3 through 5. Backup and parity disks are shown shaded. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

CD-ROMs (1)

Recording structure of a Compact Disk or CD-ROM. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

CD-ROMs (2)

Logical data layout on a CD-ROM. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

CD-Recordables

Cross section of a CD-R disk and laser (not to scale). A CD-ROM has a similar structure, except without the dye layer and with a pitted aluminum layer instead of a reflective layer. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

DVD

A double-sided, dual layer DVD disk.

Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

The PCI Bus (1)

Architecture of an early Pentium system. The thicker buses have more bandwidth than the thinner ones but the figure is not to scale. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

The PCI Bus (2)

The bus structure of a modern Pentium 4. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

The PCI Bus (2)

The bus structure of a modern Pentium 4. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

PCI Bus Arbitration

The PCI bus uses a centralized bus arbiter. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

PCI Bus Signals(1)

Mandatory PCI bus signals. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

PCI Bus Signals(2)

Optional PCI bus signals. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

PCI Bus Transactions

Examples of 32-bit PCI bus transactions. The first three cycles are used for a read operation, then an idle cycle, and then three cycles for a write operation. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

PCI Express

A typical PCI Express system. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0

PCI Express Protocol Stack

(a) The PCI Express protocol stack. (b) The format of a packet. Tanenbaum, Structured Computer Organization, Fifth Edition, (c) 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. 0-13-148521-0