This document is protected by international copyright laws. No additional reproduction is authorized. It is permitted for personal use to download and save only one file and print only one copy of this Article. It is not permitted to make additional copies (either sporadically or systematically, either printed or electronic) of the Article for any purpose. It is not permitted to distribute the electronic copy of the article through online internet and/or intranet file sharing systems, electronic mailing or any other means which may allow access to the Article. The use of all or any part of the Article for any Commercial Use is not permitted. The creation of derivative works from the Article is not permitted. The production of reprints for personal or commercial use i not permitted. It is not permitted to remove, cover, overlay, obscure, block, or change any copyright notices or terms of use which the Publisher may post on the Article. It is not permitted to frame or use framing techniques to enclose any trademark, log or other proprietary information of the Publisher.
©
COPYRIGHT 2017 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA
© 2016 EDIZIONI MINERVA MEDICA Online version at http://www.minervamedica.it
The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 2017 December;57(12):1613-22 DOI: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.06863-8
ORIGINAL ARTICLE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS
Construct validity of tests that measure kick performance for young soccer players based on cluster analysis: exploring the relationship between coaches rating and actual measures Luiz H. PALUCCI VIEIRA 1, 2, Vitor L. de ANDRADE 2, Rodrigo L. AQUINO 2, 3, 4, Renato MORAES 1, 2, Fabio A. BARBIERI 5, Sérgio A. CUNHA 6, Bruno L. BEDO 2, Paulo R. SANTIAGO 1, 2 * 1Biomechanics and Motor Control Laboratory (LaBioCoM), School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; 2Post-Graduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; 3CIFI2D, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; 4Botafogo Futebol Clube, Youth Training Department, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil; 5Laboratory of Information, Vision and Action, Physical Education Department, São Paulo State University “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil; 6Laboratory of Instrumentation for Biomechanics (LIB), Faculty of Physical Education (FEF), State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
*Corresponding author: Paulo R. Santiago, Faculty of Medicine at Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto SP, CEP 14049-900, Brazil. E-mail:
[email protected]
A B S T RAC T BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study was to verify the relationship between the classification of coaches and actual performance in field tests that measure the kicking performance in young soccer players, using the K-means clustering technique. METHODS: Twenty-three U-14 players performed 8 tests to measure their kicking performance. Four experienced coaches provided a rating for each player as follows: 1: poor; 2: below average; 3: average; 4: very good; 5: excellent as related to three parameters (i.e. accuracy, power and ability to put spin on the ball). RESULTS: The scores interval established from k-means cluster metric was useful to originating five groups of performance level, since ANOVA revealed significant differences between clusters generated (P
