enterprises for web services? What are the .... Enterprise. ESNS .... services. For example, Will Iverson (2004) Real World Web Services: Integrating EBay,.
Demand-Driven Web Services: Theory, Technologies and Applications
Zhaohao Sun University of Ballarat, Ballarat 3353 Australia John Yearwood University of Ballarat, Ballarat 3353 Australia 2012 The original version of this book Abstract: Web services are playing a pivotal role both in e-business, service computing and social networking services and cloud computing. This is also the case in the traditional FREG (foods, resources, energy and goods) services, because almost all traditional services are replaced by fully or partially web services. Demand-driven web services (DDWS) as a computing paradigm, a service paradigm and a management paradigm are becoming important for web services, service computing, cloud computing and social networking computing. However, many fundamental issues in developing DDWS remain open. For example, what is the demand theory of web services? What is a demand-driven architecture of web services? How should real world demands be classified? How should web services be classified? and how can an ontology of web services be developed? This book will address these issues by exploring the cutting-edge theory, technologies and methodologies of demand driven web services based on the novel classification of demands and web services emphasizing cloud services, social networking services and e-business services from a perspective of computing, service and management. This book also provides applications of the proposed theory, technologies and methodologies to successful demand-driven web services in the real world. The proposed approaches will facilitate research and development of web services, e-business, service computing, cloud computing and social computing.
Preface of the book 1 MOTIVATION Service is important for industry, community and society; demand-driven service is paramount. An industy is inevitably defined by customer demands (Killeen, 2012: 80). Similarly citizen and community demand inevitably define the government in a country. Therefore, meeting the demand from government, community and customers at a social level is a grand challenge for computing, service and management in the Internet age. Meeting the demand from business, transaction, and project at an activity level is also a grand challenge for cloud computing, web services, smart business and management in the Internet age. This is one of the reasons why we published “Demand-driven Dervices” as a book chapter in the book published in IGI Global, titled “Service Intelligence and Service Science” in 2011. However, this early work was only a sketch for developing DDWS, because it has not asnwered many significant issues arising in the smarter customers-driven age. For example, what are the demands of governments for web services? what are the demands of
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communities for web services, what are the demands of organizations in general, and specific enterprises for web services? What are the demands of customers web services? Taking these demands into account, what are the web services that can meet each of these mentioned demands? What are the theory, and technlogies of demand-driven web services. How can we combine the theory and technologies of demand-driven web services with the real-world applications including e-supply chain, e-marketing, e-commerce and e-government, cloud services, big data management and social networking services. In tandem with resolving these issues, this proposed book on demand-driven web services is based on our early work and can meet the demand of various professionals‟ understanding of web services in the Internet age more comprehensively. 1.1
Introduction to the Subject Area addressing a complete explanation of the discipline
Web services are playing a pivotal role both in e-business, service computing and social networking services and cloud computing. This is also the case in the traditional FREG (foods, resources, energy and goods) services, because almost all traditional services are replaced by fully or partially web services. Demand-driven web services (DDWS) as a computing paradigm, a service paradigm and a management paradigm are becoming important for web services, service computing, cloud computing and social networking computing. However, many fundamental issues in developing DDWS remain open. For example, what is the demand theory of web services? What is a demand-driven architecture of web services? How should real world demands be classified? How should web services be classified? How can an ontology of web services be developed? This book will address these issues by exploring the cutting-edge theory, technologies and methodologies of demand driven web services based on the novel classification of demands and web services emphasizing cloud services, social networking services and e-business services from a perspective of computing, service and management. This book also provides applications of the proposed theory, technologies and methodologies to successful demand-driven web services in the real world. The proposed approaches will facilitate research and development of web services, e-business, service computing, cloud computing and social computing. 1.2
Synopsis of your proposed publication
Demand-driven web services (DDWS) can be considered as follows. Demands in the DDWS at least include government demands, organization demands, enterprise demands, community demands and customer demands. Corresponding to government demands there will be citizen or individual demands. Then DDWS at least includes government demand-driven web services, organization demand-driven web services, enterprise demand-driven web services, community demand-driven web services and customer demand-driven web services, because it can also include business demand-driven web services, transaction demand-driven web services and project demand-driven web services, if we consider business demand, transaction demand and project demand at an activity level. Web services (WS) can be considered in a hierarchical way. WS is at the top level and by including the lower levels, fundamentally, web services (WS) includes data WS, information WS and knowledge WS, corresponding to data as a WS, information as a WS, and information as a WS respectively. Data, information and knowledge are the fundamentals of any web services and then data WS, information WS and knowledge WS are at the bottom level of the hierarchical structure of web services. At the intermediate level, web services include cloud services, social networking services, e-business services, and e-FREG services as well
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as decision services. More specifically, cloud services, from a cloud viewpoint, further include infrastructure as a service (IaaS), platform as a service (PaaS), desktop as a service (DaaS), software as a service (SaaS). This implies that web services reflects the new and refined representation of cloud services in cloud computing. In other words, DDWS is an important component of cloud computing. A social networking service is an online service that focuses on facilitating the building of social networks or social relations among people who, for example, share interests, activities, backgrounds, or real-life connections (Turban 2011). Social networking services (OSNS) can be called social networking as a WS (SNaaWS), which further includes friending services, blog services, game services, photo sharing services. E-business services include e-buy services, e-sell services, e-supply chain services, e-marketing services, e-procurement services, e-banking services. The e-FREG services are the FREG services online, which include e-food services, e-resource services, e-energy services, and e-goods services. Decision services are also called decision as a service or decision as a WS (DnaaWS). Decision as a WS (DnaaWS) is a new service paradigm that will play more and more important role in e-government and e-democracy. We can illustrate the above mentioned “demands driven” and web services using Table 1. Table 1. A 2D representation of demands driven web services Web services (WS) Cloud services
SNS
e-business services
e-FREG services
Data, information, knowledge and decision services
X demand-driven Government
GDCS
Organization Enterprise
ESNS
Community Customer Citizen
Every intersection cell in Table 1 is a specific X demand-driven web services, where X = {government, Organization, Enterprise, Community, Customer, Citizen, …}. For example, when X = government, the intersection cell of government and cloud services is government demand-driven cloud services (GDCS). More detailed, government demand-driven IaaS, PaaS, DaaS and SaaS, so does government demand-driven SNS, e-business services and eFREG services. Therefore, the interrelationship among the mentioned various demands and web services form a complex system of demand-driven web services, and a challenging topic for information systems, information technology and business, services and management. All these mentioned demand-driven web services should be improved through theoretical development, technological development, and methodologies in order to meet the different demands from different parties or individuals. Technologies in this book include intelligent technology, computational technology, web technology and Internet technology, social networking technology, cloud technology, management technology as well as „big data‟ technology, to name a few. Theory in this book mainly includes computational theory, theory of artificial intelligence, social networking theory, business theory and management theory.
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Applications in this book cover all the applications and case studies of demand-driven web services in e-commerce, social networking, big data, cloud computing and other real world problem solving. Based on the above analysis, the basic structure of this book can be designed as follows. 1. Part I. Theory of demand-driven web services Topics: fundamental concepts, models/architectures, frameworks/schemes or theories for planning, designing, building, operating or evaluating, managing demand-driven web services. 2. Part II. Technologies for demand-driven web services Topics: AI-based technologies as such: rule-based systems, ontology-development systems, machine learning techniques, multi-agent systems techniques, neural networks systems, fuzzy logic systems, cased-based reasoning systems, genetic algorithms techniques, data mining algorithms, intelligent agents, user intelligent interfaces; and emergent AI-based technologies, Web technologies, big data technologies, service technologies, social networking technologies, Decision making technologies, DSS technologies, management technologies and business technologies. 3. Part III. Applications for demand-driven web services Topics: cases and applications for using technologies and fundamental theory in Part I, II for planning, designing, building, managing and operating or evaluating of demand-driven web services in the main service domains such as: social networking services, cloud services, financial services, legal services, healthcare services, logistics services, educational services, and military services taking into account demand from government, organization, enterprise, community, individual, customer and citizen. 4. Part IV. Emerging demands and emerging demand-driven web services. Topics: Emerging demands, emerging technologies, methodologies for demand-driven web services.
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Overall Objectives and Mission of your proposed publication and why it should be published In the past two decades commerce has evolved from traditional commerce through e-commerce to smarter commerce thanks to the dramatic development of the Internet and the Web. Services have also evolved from traditional services through electronic services to smarter services. Currently, smarter services emphasize cloud services, (online) social networking services, smarter e-business services and mobile services. However, demand is the driver of the economy, marketing and any business activities. Demand-driven web services are the effective computing, management and service paradigm and provide significant solutions to business, marketing and services through effective theory, technologies, methodologies and applications. This book titled “Demand-driven Web Services: Theory, Technologies, Methodologies and Applications” is the first book to reveal the cutting-edge theory, technologies, methodologies and applications of demand-driven web services in the Internet age in an integrated way. This is also the first book demonstrating that demand-driven web services are
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an important computing, management and service paradigm for developing smarter commerce, business and services in the digital age. 1.4
Scholarly Value, Potential Contribution/ Impact, and Purpose, explain and justify why your theme is viable and how it will expand the field(s) of information, medical, business, and/or engineering science
Demand is the driver of any business, marketing and economy. Demand-driven web services are an effective paradigm and significant solution to business, marketing and services through effective theory, technologies, methodologies and applications. Therefore, our theme is viable. This book is to explore the theory of demand and various demands from government, community, organisation and individual customers and then look at the various demand driven web services. The approach proposed in this book will expand the field of e-business, web services, service computing, social computing and cloud computing through the proposed theory, technologies and methodologies of demand-driven web services with applications. The proposed approaches will facilitate research and development of web services, e-business, service computing, social computing and cloud computing. The approach proposed in this book will also benefit readers by providing an understanding of demand-driven web services and their impacts on e-commerce, e-services and e-government and cloud computing. 1.5
Existing Competing Titles and Unique Characteristics, list current competition for your proposed publication, along with their advantages and disadvantages and explain how your proposed publication is distinguished from these titles
There are many books on web services and e-services. They focus either on describing a few global successful companies in web services in the world or on exploring technological web services. For example, Will Iverson (2004) Real World Web Services: Integrating EBay, Google, Amazon, FedEx and more. O'Reily Media Inc. CA. Will provides a number of projects that “demonstrate the use and integration of Google, Amazon, eBay, PayPal, FedEx and many more web services”. However, this book has not involved cloud services, big data services and SNS. Another existing book is Michael P. Papazoglou (2008) Web Services: Principles and Technology, Prentice hall. This book is a textbook focusing on describing technology and principles to undergraduate and postgraduate students and prefers theoretical and technological investigation. Unlike the existing books, our book will explore the cutting-edge theory, technologies, methodologies and applications of demand driven web services using the novel classification of demands and Web services and their interrelationships based on the effective contributions of international scholars from a perspective of computing, service, business and management. The emerging cloud services and social networking services are centred in the current Web services. More real world web services will be also examined in this book because of the characteristics of this book and the contribution of international peers. 1.6
Potential Uses/Intended Audience, identify potential contexts in which this book will be utilized and how it will aid the expected audience This book‟s primary aim is to convey the ideas, thoughts, and methods as well as results of demand-driven web services to scientists, engineers, educators and university students, business, service and management professionals, policy makers and decision makers and others who have interest in e-services, cloud services, social networking services and web services.
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Primary audiences for this book are undergraduate, postgraduate students and variety of professionals in the fields of computing, commerce, business, services, management and government. The secondary audience(s) for this book is the variety of readers in the fields of government, business and trade as well as the readers from all the social strata.
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Web Services: A Hierarchical Structure
WS Cloud WS
SNS
IaaS
Friending ws
PaaS
Blogging ws
sell ws
e-resources WS
DaaS
Photo ws
Supply C ws
e-energy WS
SaaS
Game ws
marketing ws
e-goos WS
… aaS
… ws
… ws
… WS
Data WS
e-business services
buy ws
Information WS
Fig. 1. Web Services: A Hierarchical Structure
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e-FREG services
e-food WS
Knowledge WS
Decision services
