ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2006, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 369–372. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2006. Original Russian Text © O. L. Nesterova, 2006, published in Zoologicheskii Zhurnal, 2006, Vol. 85, No. 5, pp. 663–666.
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Description of the Larva and Pupa of Parnops glasunovi (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) O. L. Nesterova Belarusian State University, Minsk, 220050 Belarus e-mail:
[email protected] Received April 14, 2004
Abstract—The last instar larva and pupa of Parnops glasunovi Jcbs. are described for the first time. A key to genera of the subfamily Eumolpinae from Middle Asia is given. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873806030122
The oligotypical genus Parnops Jcbs. comprises three species distributed in the southern part of Middle Asia and in Iran, Mongolia, and northern China (Gressitt and Kimoto, 1961; Lopatin, 1977; Medvedev, 1982). The beetles are associated everywhere with streamside poplar woods. The only Middle Asian species, Parnops glasunovi Jcbs., is oligophagous insect; the adults feed on leaves of poplars of the turanga section (Populus pruinosa, P. diversifolid); the larvae live underground and feed on plant roots. The larva of this species is described for the first time. The description is based on the material collected in southern Tajikistan: delta of Vakhsh River, “Tigrovaya Balka” Nature Reserve, 2.IV.1962, in soil under turanga, at depth of 7–10 mm. In order to define a species, the larvae and pupae were brought to the adult phase.
short and wide, with 2 pairs of long setae situated symmetrically at its upper margin. Labrum trapeziform, with 4 pairs of thick marginal setae, 1 pair of long discal setae on arcuate bulge, and 1 pair of setae in upper angles. Mandibles (Fig. 2, 1) large, robust, heavily sclerotized, dark brown, with 2 rounded lobes at anterior margin and 2 macrochaetae on outer surface. Labiomaxillary complex (Fig. 2, 2) moderately sclerotized. Cardo small, with 1 seta. Stipe large, with 1 long seta and 1 very long apical seta on outer sur-
Description. Last instar larva (Fig. 1, 1). Body weakly C-curved, cream or pale yellow, 5–6 mm long. Setae pale yellow, hyaline, short on tergites and long and directed backwards on sternites. Head (Fig. 1, 2, 3) hypognathous, without eyes, slightly narrower than prothorax. Epicranial suture long, frontal sutures inconspicuous. Vertex convex, with 20–24 macrochaetae: 2 pairs of chaetae situated medially and 6 pairs forming 2 symmetrical diagonal lines. Frontal plate flat, thickened along frontoclypeal suture, with 6 or 7 pairs of setae. Antenna 2-segmented. First antennal segment cylindrical, with unsclerotized base, in which its sclerotized part can be drawn. Apical segment conical, long and narrow, with 2 short setae at apex. Sensory appendage very large, flattened, oval, 4 times as wide as 2nd antennal segment. Clypeus cariniform thickened along perimeter,
Fig. 1. Parnops glasunovi: (1) last-instar larva; (2) head, front view; (3) head, lateral view.
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Fig. 2. P. glasunovi: (1) mandible; (2) labiomaxillary complex; (3) segments of thorax; (4) abdominal segment I (D–D and V–V, median lines of dorsal and ventral sides); (5) abdominal segments IX and X, ventral view; (6) abdominal segments IX and X, lateral view; (7) leg.
face. Palpiger short, bearing fused galea and lacinia with 10 thick setae and large 4-segmented maxillary palp. First and 3rd segments of palp with 2 long setae each, apical segment cylindrical. Submentum and mentum not separated from each other, with 3 pairs of long setae. Prementum well separated and more heavily sclerotized, with 4 pairs of setae and 1-segmented cylindrical palps. Body with folded integuments and dense setae. Thorax (Fig. 2, 3). Median sclerite of prothorax large, wide, weakly sclerotized, with not numerous sparse long setae. Epipleural tubercle with 3 setae, hypopleural one with 4 setae; prothoracic stigma large, ring-shaped, hyaline. Pleural tubercle with 1 seta, tubercle above coxa with 3 setae, sternal tubercle with 3 pairs of long setae: distal pair very long, reaching middle of length of succeeding sternite. Three pairs of setae situated above sternal tubercle. Meso- and metathoracic tergites with 3 transverse folds: two first separating rows of tubercles with numerous short setae, last one matte and glabrous. Hypopleural tubercle
with 5 or 6 long setae, pleural one with 1 seta, tubercles above coxa with 3 or 4 setae. Sternal tubercle with 3 or 4 pairs of setae. Abdomen (Fig. 2, 4). Abdominal tergites with 3 transverse folds. Anterior fold without setae, second and third folds densely covered with short setae. Stigmal tubercles large, triangular, with short setae. Stigmae large, hyaline, becoming insignificantly larger toward posterior end. Epipleural tubercles with set of long setae. Hypopleural tubercles with 4 or 5 long setae: 2 of these reaching end of succeeding abdominal sternite. Then, 6 first abdominal segments with row of adventrites—tubercles elongate, in form of long processes. Their anterior surfaces and apices densely covered with long coarse setae, one of apical setae longer than adventrite. Posterior surface of adventrite with short setae. Sternal tubercle large, with weakly sclerotized, transversely oval central area. Lower margin with transverse row of 14–16 very long setae covering two succeeding sternites. Abdominal segment IX covering segment X from above (Fig. 2, 5, 6); segment X situated ventrally, serving as “pygopod”—basal strucENTOMOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 86 No. 3 2006
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Fig. 3. P. glasunovi, pupa: (1) pronotum, (2) mesonotum, (3) metanotum, (4) elytron, (5) wing, (6) abdomen, (7) hind leg.
ture formed by 2 symmetrical, heavily sclerotized processes with dark bilobed ends; dense tufts of thick setae above them forming coarse brushes. Anal aperture rounded.
form of pair of curved acute-angled lobes each bearing 2 setae. Femora (Fig. 3, 7) with 1 thick apical seta on outer sides. One seta situated on outer side at base of claw.
Legs slender (Fig. 2, 7). Coxa short, with 5 setae on outer side. Trochanter without distinct borders. Femur with 5 long thick setae on inner side and 1 apical seta on outer side. Tibiotarsus long and slender, with 2 circular rows of setae: proximal row consisting of 4 setae; distal one (at apex), of 3 very thick and robust setae, thickness of outer seta constituting 1/3 of thickness of claw. Claw long, weakly curved.
Representatives of the subfamily, known from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan, can be distinguished using the following key (Kurcheva, 1958; Ogloblin and Medvedev, 1971; Medvedev and Zaitsev, 1978).
Pupa (Fig. 3). Body pale yellow, weakly C-curved, 5 mm long. Head with following chaetae: 5 pairs of macrochaetae on vertex, 5 pairs on frons (1 pair in center, 2 pairs near eyes at inner margin, and 2 pairs at clypeus), and 1 macrochaeta on each mandible. Tergites of thorax and abdomen separated by central longitudinal fold. Pronotum (Fig. 3, 1) with 24 macrochaetae and 12 microchaetae. Mesonotum (Fig. 3, 2) with 3 pairs of macrochaetae and 2 pairs situated on scutellum. Metanotum (Fig. 3, 3) with 5 pairs of chaetae. Setae on abdominal tergites (Fig. 3, 6) arranged in 2 transverse rows. Sides of abdominal segment VII with 1 pair of conical processes each bearing 1 seta at base. Ends of segment X elongate, in ENTOMOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 86 No. 3 2006
A Key to Larvae of the Genera of the Subfamily Eumolpinae, known from Middle Asia and Kazakhstan 1. Anterior margin of frons thickened and heavily sclerotized. Mandible with obtuse tooth at cutting margin; abdomen without adventrites (abdominal processes) ..................................................................... 2. —Anterior margin of frons not thickened. Mandible without tooth at cutting margin; abdominal segments with adventrites .......................................... 3. 2. Frontal bulge in form of transverse carina strongly projecting above clypeus. Pygopods (abdominal segment X) presented by tubercles densely covered with setae surrounding anal aperture .................... ........................................................... Chloropterus. —Frontal bulge not forming carina, insignificantly elevated above clypeus. Pygopod in form of back-
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ward elongate, truncated cone with not numerous setae at apex .............................................. Bromius. 3. Maxillary palp 4-segmented ................................. 4. —Maxillary palp 3-segmented ............ Pachnephorus. 4. Abdominal processes papilliform; pygopod 3-segmented .................................................................. 5. —Abdominal processes digitate, long and slender; pygopod formed by 2 heavily sclerotized 2-segmented processes with dense coarse tufts of setae ... .................................................................... Parnops. 5. Stipes with 2 setae; body with dense setae Eumolpus. —Stipes with 1 seta; body with rather sparse setae ..... ........................................................... Chrysochares. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author is grateful to I.K. Lopatin for the material supplied for the study.
REFERENCES 1. Gressitt, J.L. and Kimoto, S., The Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera) of China and Korea: Part 1, Pacif. Ins. Monogr. 1A (Honolulu, USA, 1961). 2. Kurcheva, G.F., “Soil-inhabiting Larvae of Leaf Beetles of the Subfamily Eumolpinae (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae), Most Widespread in the European Part of the USSR,” Acta Soc. Entomol. Čechoslov. 55 (4), 383–393 (1958). 3. Lopatin, I.K., “Leaf Beetles (Chrysomelidae) of Middle Asia and Kazakhstan,” in A Key to the Fauna of the USSR (Nauka, Leningrad, 1977) [in Russian]. 4. Medvedev, L.N., Leaf Beetles of the Mongolian People’s Republic, A Key (Nauka, Moscow, 1982) [in Russian]. 5. Medvedev, L.N. and Zaitsev, Yu.M., Larvae of Leaf Beetles of Siberia and the Far East (Nauka, Moscow, 1978) [in Russian]. 6. Ogloblin, D.A. and Medvedev, L.N., Larvae of Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of the European Part of the USSR (Nauka, Leningrad, 1971) [in Russian].
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