Content. Automated cartographic generalization. Multi-agent systems in cartography. Developed system for automatic map generalization based on constraints ...
Development of the system for automatic map generalization based on constraints 3rd Croatian NSDI and INSPIRE Day and 7th Conference Cartography and Geoinformation Marijan Grgić, mag. ing. Prof. dr. sc. Nada Vučetić, Geodetski fakultet, Zagreb Dragan Divjak, dipl. ing., Geofoto d.o.o.
Split, 2011
Content Automated cartographic generalization Multi-agent systems in cartography Developed system for automatic generalization based on constraints
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Automated generalization
The development of conceptual models of cartographic generalization
The development of algorithms to perform transformations in the generalization
The development of information technology and multi-agent systems
Automated generalization
the creation of cartographic representations in different scales from the same spatial database
reducing the impact of cartographers in creating cartographic products (standardization)
Automated generalization Why generalization is hard to automate?
the process of design is complex,
different phenomena at different levels of detail (different scale) should be easy to explore,
seeing generalization as a “something you do at the end”,
interaction during map generalization is not standardized.
Multi – agent systems (MAS) a system composed of multiple interacting intelligent agents, in the field of artificial intelligence, an agent - autonomous entity that within a system monitors the other elements of the system and directs its activities to achieving predefined goals,
autonomy
agent decentralization
local views
Map generalization based on constraints Key aspects of constraints:
A constraint can be specified as something to maintain or something to avoid,
A constraint can be absolute, something to optimize or both,
A constraint has an application scope or extent,
A constraint can be intrinsic or extrinsic,
A constraint can be independent or contextual,
Constraints may operate differently at different scales of spatial analysis,
Violations of constraints can be detected and evaluated by analyzing micro-, meso- and macroscale data using one or more measures.
Map generalization based on constraints AGENT project (Automated GEneralisation and New Technology)
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1 B
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A hypothetical network of constraints in a generalization process
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints Task:
Topology of map objects must be maintained,
roads must maintain its spatial position,
roads may be generalized using algorithms for generalization,
buildings depending on their surface should be displayed or omitted from the map view,
system should assign a cartographic sign to a building if it meets the minimum area request,
buildings should be set at a constant distance from roads,
buildings should be set parallel to the direction of roads which are nearest to them,
roads should not cross buildings,
cartographic signs should not be overlap in the map view.
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Safe Software FME Desktop 2011 - primarily intended for conversion, transformation, and modifying the spatial raster and vector data
FME Workbench, FME Universal Viewer, FME Universal Translator, FME Command-Line Engine
interoperability, centralization and retaining attribute data
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Smoothing using McMaster’s algorithm
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Minor and major roads - a problem in connecting
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Minor and major roads - a problem in connecting
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Original data
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Buildings represented by cartographic signs
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Buffered roads
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Buildings represented by points set on a constant distance from roads
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Buildings represented by cartographic signs set on a constant distance from roads
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Buildings set parallel to the direction of roads
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Buildings crossed by roads
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Buildings crossed by roads
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Problem with overlapping
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
Problem with overlapping
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
The system for automatic map generalization based on constraints
MAS systems and map generalization based on constraints Advantages:
efficiency and effectiveness,
robustness and reliability,
flexibility and adaptability of the system,
reduced costs (in the long run),
opportunities for development and reusability of the system.
Shortcomings:
problem of the assessment of the quality of the final product,
large initial investment,
some procedures can not be automated at this moment.
MAS systems and map generalization based on constraints Future directions:
developing of new and better algorithms for generalization,
facilitating quality assessment, post-editing, and representation refinement,
creating an adaptive standardized system that automatically derives scale-based settings for generalization operators, parameters, priorities, and other preferences that govern the generalization processes and decisions,
integration of more powerful algorithms in commercial software, creating of Web services for generalization and standalone applications for the generalization.
MAS systems and map generalization based on constraints Conclusion:
many NMAs and commercial map publishers need generalization in order to derive multiple products from a master database,
map generalization using MAS systems and generalization systems based on constraints has many advantages compared to traditional methods,
MAS systems will be able to almost completely replace the manual generalization in the future.
Thank you for your attention.
