Dictionary Work and Extensive Reading Practise

Series Editor Scott Miles

Effective

Reading

Teacher’s File Dictionary work and Extensive reading practice Levels 1–4

Amanda French Chris Gough Jackie McAvoy Scott Miles

Macmillan Education Between Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PP A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited Companies and representatives throughout the world ISBN: 978-0-230-02918-7 Text © Amanda French, Chris Gough, Jackie McAvoy, Scott Miles 2009 Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009 First published 2009 All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publishers. Designed by Jim Evoy, based on an original concept by Designers Collective Illustrated by Ed McLachlan The authors and publishers are grateful for permission to reprint the following copyright material: Macmillan Publishers Limited for extracts from the Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners Workbook; dictionary extracts taken from the Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. Text © Macmillan Publishers Limited. Although we have tried to trace and contact copyright holders before publication, in some cases this has not been possible. If contacted we will be pleased to rectify any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. These materials may contain links for third party websites. We have no control over, and are not responsible for, the contents of such third party websites. Please use care when accessing them.

Contents Introduction

4–5

Dictionary work

6–13

Red and black words

6

Finding and exploring meanings

7

Understanding definitions

8

Collocations

8

Finding idioms and phrases

9

Exploring a dictionary page

10

Word classes

11

Countable and uncountable nouns

12

Prepositions

12

Verb patterns

12

Checking what you know

13

Extensive Reading

3

Effective Reading

14

Teacher’s File

This page has been downloaded from www.macmillanenglish.com. © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009.

Introduction Welcome to Effective Reading, a four-level reading course specially designed to meet the needs and interests of students studying English in universities. Effective Reading is different from other course books of its kind in the following principle ways:

High interest reading texts The main aim of Effective Reading is to provide reading texts of high interest to university students. Too often course books aimed at an international audience contain content that is either uninteresting or simply irrelevant to students, making it difficult for teachers to keep students engaged in the material. In Effective Reading, all reading texts have been written specifically to match the interests of young adults. To increase student interest in reading materials, scholar Anthony Bruton (1997) recommends avoiding ‘(a) general topics with the predictable liberal slant, often communicating nothing that is new; (b) topics of technical or scientific interest to which nothing can be added; (c) culturally distant and anecdotally irrelevant topics; and (d) narratives with a high cultural content.’ We took this advice to heart when selecting and developing reading texts in order to maximize student interest, while ensuring that the content is still appropriate for an academic institution.

Reading skills development Effective Reading teaches reading skills and strategies to help students become more efficient and successful readers. Skills such as skimming, scanning and guessing word meanings from context are found in every unit. Effective Reading also promotes the practice of extensive reading. Information on how to read extensively, as well as extracts from Macmillan Graded Readers, give students the opportunity to discover that reading in English at their level of difficulty can be an enjoyable way to develop reading skills, as well as other language skills.

Academic vocabulary development University students need to be able to read English materials relating to their major, and this requires consolidating their existing knowledge of vocabulary commonly used in academic settings. To reinforce the vocabulary support in Effective Reading books 1–4, the Teacher’s Files provide additional vocabulary exercises and tests on words selected from the Academic Word List (a list of words which are common in academic texts). Improving vocabulary knowledge is dependent on good dictionary skills. Using examples from the Macmillan English Dictionary, the Teacher’s File provides dictionary skills exercises to increase students’ familiarity with English-English dictionaries and to help students use them more effectively.

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Overview of Effective Reading books 1–4 Each book is composed of 12 units, with two reading texts per unit. The format of each unit is as follows:

Pre-reading exercises These exercises activate the reader’s background knowledge to make the text more accessible, preview key vocabulary and stimulate interest in the text.

First reading text This is the main reading text of the unit. The core language (vocabulary and grammar) exercises are drawn primarily from this text.

Post-reading exercises The first post-reading exercise checks general comprehension of the first reading text. The second post-reading exercise highlights specific sentences and expressions from the text, which are typically problematic for learners. Rather than waiting for the teacher to explain or translate the text, this exercise gives students a chance to find the answers on their own.

Language development and speaking exercises These exercises provide extended work on essential vocabulary and grammar from the first reading text. Only language items which are common in natural English use are selected, as these are words and structures which students are likely to encounter again and again in their future English study. The speaking exercises give students the chance to reflect on and evaluate the first reading text, as well as personalize the content.

Second reading text and reading skills work The second reading text is shorter and slightly simpler in language than the first reading text. In this section, students further develop specific reading skills such as skimming, scanning, reading speed, guessing word meanings from context, and so on.

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Dictionary work

using the Macmillan English Dictionary

Red and black words

In the Macmillan English Dictionary some words are red and some are black. The red words are the 7,500 most frequently used words in English. These 7,500 words account for about 90% of all text. 2,500 of these words are the most common words in English and have three stars in the dictionary. These 2,500 words account for about 80% of all text. The black words are less frequent and you may need them more for reading than speaking.

Exercise 1 Five of these words are red (= more frequent) words in the dictionary. Guess which they are and check them in the dictionary. gangster gangway gaol gap gape garage rubbish garble garden

Exercise 2 Four words in the following paragraphs are not red in the dictionary. Guess which they are and check them in the dictionary. A survey carried out has found some shocking lapses of etiquette in the messages passed around by people under 20. Many youngsters prefer to send email rather than write a letter, but the survey reveals that most have no conception of what counts as proper manners when penning a digital missive.

Exercise 2: lapse, etiquette, pen, missive Answer key Exercise 1: gangster, gap, garage, rubbish, garden

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ot brave small white e a pleasant

� + to There has to be a fair limit to the level of migration from other countries. � legal limit He had consumed more

than three times the legal limit of alcohol when he drove home. � time limit The prescribed time limit must be strictly complied with. � set / impose a limit Their inflation rate a WATER LILY was above the 3% limit set by the Maastricht Treaty. 2 the greatest amount or level of something that is possible : + to Obviously there is a limit to the amount we y-white skin using can get done in two weeks. � + of The competition tested the white people. limits of her ability. � beyond the limit This area of the at you think ocean has been fished beyond sustainable limits. � stretch/ the lily-white push/drive sb/sth to the limit The children were stretching st and moral my patience to the limit. e green bean 3 the outer edge of an area : This lineELTDI$6204 of islands formed the outer limit of the empire. � city limits No bombs landed within the city limits. hing limbs. � be the limit spoken to be very annoying or upsetting : 817 Honestly, that man is the absolute limit! limitation know your limits have a clear idea of what you are ....................................................................................... capable of or howlimelight good you are of 12. � out ple white of the The prince has always tried to e noorsupport off 1 if a out place limits, you are not allowed keeplimits his children of is theoff limelight. r tree that it to go there : The evacuated areas remained off limits to the lim •er•ick / "lIm@rIk / noun [ C ] a humorous poem with ttack or kill public. 2 not allowed or approved of : Certain confive lines troversial subjects remained off limits. lime •stone noun [ U ] astays typewithin of white or small — Lilas long as a/ situation what within limits/ "laIm%stoUn CALCIUM, used for building and gray stone containing ives to make Some is considered reasonable : We’ll take caremore of allthan your one entry. words in the dictionary have making CEMENT : a looselegs expenses – within limits, of course. people in That because the same can belong to different limis •ey / "laImi / noun [ C ] Am word E old-fashioned a British Words frequently with limit person. This word isused sometimes used as an insult. l vb [ I / T ] to word classes. For example, the word limit can be either a adjectives agreed, legal, lower, prescribed, 1 and stretch, falling cles From the fact that, in the past, British sailors drank strict, erttalks or in noun orjuice, a verb, soupper there are two entries: in a sport lime that is full of vitamin C, as a way of nouns age, amount, capacity, extent, 1 ble preventing a disease called scurvy. ve Irish easilylilt. growth, number, power, scope, gthe andRoman falling speed, time, weight lim•it1 / "lImItsize, / noun [ C ] �� en and HELL extend, impose, 1 or the largestdefine, or smallest amountintroduce, or the highest 1verbs ape of a bell ns go when place, put, reduce, : speed/spending lowest level oflower, something that raise, is allowed other colors Caribbean in set, specify limits � + on There are strict limits on presidential power. a stick that � + to 2There has to be a fair limit to the level of migration ot lim •it / "lImIt / verb [ T ] �� is brave often also from other countries. � legal limit He had consumed more to prevent a number, amount, or effect from increas1 esmall where you white than three times the legal limit of alcohol when he drove ing past a particular point : The hospital limits the number nd out what e a pleasant home. � time limit The prescribed time limit must be strictly of visitors a patient can have. � The residents’ main demand o hear if she complied with. � set / impose a limit Their inflation rate is to limit the amount of heavy traffic using the street. � The the Macmillan English Dictionary a WATER LILY from was above the 3% limit set by the Maastricht Treaty. regulations are designed to limit environmental damage. � 2 the greatest amount or level of something that is limit sth to The school board has pledged to limit classes possible : +sth to Obviously there is a limit to the amount we y-white rom limes skin to a maximum of twenty-five students. can get done in two weeks. � + of The competition tested the white people. 2 to reduce or control someone’s freedom to do what � beyond the limit This area of the limits of her ability. at you think they want or someone’s ability to be effective : RESTRICT : ocean has been fished beyond sustainable limits. � stretch/ the lily-white Lack of adequate testing limits the effectiveness of the push/drive sb/sth to the limit The children were stretching d and sourmoral juice st research. � limit sb to sth The regulations limit each commy patience to the limit. C10 epicture green ➔ bean mittee to recommendations rather than allowing it to take 3 the outer edge of an area : This line of islands formed CEMENT and action. � limit yourself Most people limit themselves to a the outer limit of the empire. � city limits No bombs landed few techniques that work best for them. � be limited by sth within the city limits. They were limited by the amount of money they could spend hing limbs. � es or tasting be the theproduction. limit spoken to be very annoying or upsetting : on Honestly, manifissomething the absolute 3 [usuallythat passive] is limit! limited to a particular have a only clearinidea whatoryou are know your limits place or group, it happens thatofplace within capable of or how good you are sweet green that group : be limited to NATO officials said that the air e no support off limits if a place is off limits, you are right not allowed � The to vote strikes were1limited to military targets. to golimited there : to The evacuated areas remained off limits to the olor — was heads of households and married women. ttack or%lime kill public. 2 not allowed or approved of : Certain conlim •i•ta•tion / %lImI"teISn / noun �� troversial subjects remained off limits. on in which [ C ] a rule or situation that puts a limit on something : 1 as long as a situation stays within what ion the +within on We limits plan to impose limitations on the use of cars in the ivesfrom to make is considered reasonable : We’ll take care of all your DiCaprio has � space / size limitations Not all the information could city. legs : a looseexpenses – within limits, of course. er at the age be displayed due to space limitations. 1a. [ U ] the act or

Dictionary work L

Finding and exploring meanings Finding the correct entry

Exercise 3 Many words have multiple meanings within one entry. Look up the word limp in the dictionary and answer these questions.

6. when email comes back

a. 3

c. _____

e. _____

b. _____

d. _____

f. _____

c. Is the noun limp used in the plural? _____

c. I’ve got your email address wrong. My emails keep bouncing.

do

_____

of visitors a patient can have. � The residents’ main demand is to limit the amount of heavy traffic using the street. � The regulations are designed to limit environmental damage. � limit sth to sth The school board has pledged to limit classes to a maximum of twenty-five students. 2 to reduce or control someone’s freedom to do what they want or someone’s ability to be effective : RESTRICT : Lack of adequate testing limits the effectiveness of the research. � limit sb to sth The regulations limit each committee to recommendations rather than allowing it to take action. � limit yourself Most people limit themselves to a few techniques that work best for them. � be limited by sth They were limited by the amount of money they could spend on the production. 3 [usually passive] if something is limited to a particular place or group, it happens only in that place or within that group : be limited to NATO officials said that the air strikes were limited to military targets. � The right to vote was limited to heads of households and married women. lim•i•ta•tion / %lImI"teISn / noun �� 1 [ C ] a rule or situation that puts a limit on something : + on We plan to impose limitations on the use of cars in the city. � space / size limitations Not all the information could be displayed due to space limitations. 1a. [ U ] the act or

3. a limp effort _____

4. The yacht is limping toward the island. _____ 5. limp and lifeless hair _____

ood Systems 06-08-2004 16:37:13

d. He came bouncing into the room. e. The jeep bounced along the rough country road. f. The ball bounced off the crossbar into the goal.

Exercise 5 Read through the entry for bounce1 again. Using the example sentences and the definitions, make a list of some of the things that can bounce. ball __________ __________

__________

__________

__________

Answer key Exercise 3: a. 3 b. verb, adjective, noun c. No, it isn’t. d. 1. limp3 2. limp1, meaning 1 3. limp2, meaning 2 4. limp1, meaning 2 5. limp2, meaning 1

on in which ion from the DiCaprio has er at the age

5. move energetically

Exercise 4: a. 3 b. 4 c. 6 d. 5 e. 2 f. 1

olor — %lime

4. when cheque is not paid

Exercise 5: objects (e.g. hailstones), vehicles (e.g. jeep), people (e.g. baby, kids, band), light, sound (e.g. radar waves), cheque, email message

sweet green

3. be reflected

b. My bank charged £30 for the cheque that bounced.

es or tasting

2. move up and down

b. In which word classes is the word limp used? 1. _____ 2. _____ 3. _____

Words frequently used with limit

d sour juice picture ➔ C10 CEMENT and

1. hit surface

a. Sonar detects distance and depth by sound waves bouncing off an object.

al vb [ I / T ] to d. In which meaning which entry adjectives agreed, legal, lower, of prescribed, 1 for limp cles stretch, strict, upper rt in a sport you find the following examples? nouns age, amount, capacity, extent, 1 ve easily growth, number, power, scope, the Roman size, speed, time, weighta slight limp. 1. Rachel walks with ood Systems 06-08-2004 16:37:13 HELL en and verbs define, extend, impose, introduce, 1 ns go when _____ lower, place, put, raise, reduce, Caribbean in set, specify a stick that 2 He was limping slightly and he looked •it2. lim / "lImIt / verb [ T ] �� is often also prevent a number, amount, or effect from increas1 to tired. e where you ing past a particular point : The hospital limits the number nd out what

rom limes

Exercise 4 Look at the entry for bounce in the dictionary. Notice that six different meanings of the verb bounce are shown. Match sentences a-f with meanings 1-6 below. Write the correct number next to each letter.

a. How many entries are there for the word limp? 3

L

o hear if she

the Macmillan English Dictionary

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Effective Reading

Teacher’s File


Dictionary work


Understanding definitions

The dictionary gives the meaning of words in short and clear definitions using a carefully selected ‘defining vocabulary’ of 2,500 words.

Exercise 6 Match the words a-j with the definitions 1-10. 1. to run at a slow steady speed, usually for exercise or pleasure a. failure b. joke

2. to say things that are intended to make people laugh

c. jog

3. to pause before doing something

d. crawl

4. a lack of success in doing something

e. affect

5. a situation in which harm, death, damage or destruction is possible

f. effect

6. to harm something physically so that it is broken, spoilt or injured

g. damage h. danger

7. to move along the ground on your hands and knees or with your body close to the ground

i. tease

8. to say something to someone in order to have fun by embarrassing or annoying them slightly

j. hesitate

BLOOMSBURY

9. to change or influence something ELTDI$6001 10. a change that is produced in one person or thing by another

join 761 joker ...........................................................................................................................................

%Joint %Chiefs of "Staff, the the leaders of each of the main divisions of the U.S. military forces who together make important military decisions join battle very formal to start fighting When learning English words, it is useful to learn join the club spoken used for saying that you have the %joint "custody noun [ U ] legal an arrangement in which the they often occur (their collocations). samewords problem or experience as thewith one someone else parents who are divorced both have responsibility for has just mentioned taking care of a child and can both give the child a The dictionary helps you to know which words join hands 1 to hold someone else’s hand in your hand home for some of the time 2 tofrequently work togetherused with another organization, country, are together. One way in which joint•ed / "dZOInt@d / adj 1 a jointed arm, leg, or other etc. to help and support each other partthe can bend because it has JOINTS 2 mainly Br E a information given collocations in a box at join a line to goisand standon at the end of a line is of people jointed chicken has been cut into pieces so that it can who are waiting for something be eaten easily endBEAT of1 the entry. ➔ %joint reso"lution noun [ C ] legal a formal decision or statement that both houses of the U.S. Congress have Words frequently used with join agreed on and that becomes law when the president nouns army, band, club, group, party, 2 signs it team, union %joint-"stock %company noun [ C ] Am E business a company that anyone can invest in by buying SHARES in %join "in phrasal vb [ I / T ] [join in sth] to do an activity with from Macmillan English it peoplethe who are already doingDictionary it : She laughed and Tom joined in. � Pat didn’t feel like joining in the celebrations. %joint "venture noun [ C ] business an agreement between %join "up phrasal vb 1 [ I ] to become a member of the armed two companies to work together on a particular job, forces : He joined up right after high school. 2 [ I / T ] same usually in order to share any risk involved 1 as join 1 : You need to join up these two lines. 3 [ I ] to meet joist / dZOIst / noun [ C ] a long piece of wood or metal put or work with someone else : I’m going to Germany first, below a floor or ceiling to support it but we’re planning to join up in Norway. 4 [ I ] to work joke1 / dZoUk / noun [ C ] �� together to achieve something : We’re joining up with 1 something you say or do that is intended to make another research team. people laugh : Is this some kind of stupid joke? � Greg "join with phrasal vb [ T ] formal [join with sb] to say or do sprayed her with water as a joke. � make / crack a joke something with other people : join with sb in doing sth (=say something funny) The men all sat there drinking I’m sure everyone joins with me in wishing him a speedy beer and cracking jokes. � play a joke on sb (=do something recovery. to trick someone) Stephen decided to play a joke on his join2 / dZOIn / noun [ C ] the place where two objects have teacher. � sb’s idea of a joke (=an action that someone been connected together : I don’t think you’ll be able to thinks is funny but you do not) Hiding my car keys was see the join when I’ve glued the pieces together. her idea of a joke. 1a. a short story that is funny at the end. The last line of the joke is called the punchline : joined-up / %dZOInd "Vp / adj informal joined-up writing tell a joke Soon the kids relaxed and were laughing and is writing in which the letters are joined to each other. telling jokes. � + about He told us a great joke about a This word is used especially by children. talking dog. � sick joke (=a very unpleasant joke) a sick joined-up thinking / government / policy etc. mainly joke about a dog in a microwave oven � get the joke journalism a way of doing something in which all the (=understand why the story is funny) Sorry – I don’t get separate parts work sensibly and well with each other the joke. Can you explain it? join•er / "dZOIn@r / noun [ C ] someone whose job is to 2 something that is funny : The nurses thought it was all make the wooden parts of buildings, for example doors a huge joke. 2a. something that is so bad or silly it and windows — compare CARPENTER annoys you : That price is just a joke! join•er•y / "dZOIn@ri / noun [ U ] the work done by a joiner be no joke to be very difficult or unpleasant : It’s no joke — compare CARPENTRY bringing up two kids on your own. Effective Reading Teacher’s File joint1 / dZOInt / adj [only before noun] �� 8involving two if you can take a joke, you are able to can take a joke two or more people or done by them together : The someone makes a joke about you or does© Macmillan Publishers Limited 2009. This page haslaugh been when downloaded from www.macmillanenglish.com. presidents issued a joint statement. � a joint decision � a something to trick you joint bank account � My sister and I had a joint birthday go/get beyond a joke if a situation goes beyond a joke, party. � joint favorite Bates and Morgan are joint favorites it becomes annoying or makes you feel worried be joined in marriage/holy matrimony very formal to Collocations get married

c. adverbs 1. listen

________ ________ ________

2. reduce

________ ________ ________

d. nouns

1. a popular ________ ________ ________ 2. a brief

2. ________

________

________ payment

b. adjectives

1. _______

_______

_______ leg

2. _______

_______

_______ contribution

J

Answer key Exercise 6: a. 4 b. 2 c. 1 d. 7 e. 9 f. 10 g. 6 h. 5 i. 8 j. 3

________ head

Exercise 7: a. 1. bend, bow, cock, duck, incline, lift, lower, nod, shake, tilt, toss 2. accept, authorize, delay, demand, enforce, make, meet, receive, secure, suspend, withhold

________

b. 1. bandy, bare, hairy, long, shapely, slender 2. great, huge, important, major, outstanding, positive, significant, useful, valuable

turn 1. ________

c. 1. attentively, carefully, closely, hard, intently, politely 2. considerably, dramatically, drastically, gradually, greatly, sharply, significantly, substantially

a. verbs

d. 1. belief, misconception, myth, opinion, view 2. encounter, glimpse, interlude, moment, nod, pause, period, stay, visit, word

Exercise 7 List three words that you think typically occur with these words. Check in the dictionary.

________ ________ ________

play or move around in a lively and often noisy way rook•ie / "rUki / noun [ C ] � 1 Am E someone who has been a professional sport romp home/to victory mainly journalism to win someplayer for less than one year thing such as a race or competition very easily 2 informal someone who has just started doing a job "romp %through phrasal vb [ T ] informal [romp through sth] or activity and does not have much experience : a rooki to do something quickly and easily police officer romp2 / rAmp / noun 1 [singular] mainly journalism a room1 / rum / noun �� victory in a sport that is achieved very easily 2 [ C ] an 1 [ C ] a part of a building with a floor, walls, and a using the Macmillan English Dictionary occasion on which children or animals play or move ceiling : On the second floor were two large empty rooms. � around in a lively and often noisy way 3 [ C ] mainly Annie got up and left the room. 1a. [ C ] a bedroom in a journalism an occasion on which people have sex home or in a place such as a hotel : My mom told me t without intending to have a serious relationship 4 [ C ] clean up my room. � I’m staying in Room 52. � a double a movie, play, or book that is lively and enjoyable, and single room 1b. [ C usually singular] all the people in a ELTDI$5801 not intended to be serious room : The whole room stood up and cheered. 1c. rooms romp•ers / "rAmp@rz / noun [plural] a piece of com[plural] a set of rooms that you rent, usually in anothe fortable clothing for babies and small children that is person’s house or in a college made of one piece of material and covers their whole 2 [ U ] the amount of space needed for a particula hammock 633 body hand purpose : There isn’t much room in here. � + for Is ther ........................................................................................................................................... rood / rud / noun [ C ] 1 technical a large cross in a Chrisroom for one more in your car? � room for sb to do sth Ther something very hard several times : There was a loud sb’s church hand in old-fashioned to 2 amarriage unit for measuring areapermission that is equal tian was just enough room for them all to sit down. � room to hammering on the door. a particular woman a quarter ofor anphrase ACRE or 0.1012 To findtomarry an idiom in theHECTARES dictionary, try following these do sth The bandsteps: was good, but there was no room to dance hand over fist informal if you make or spend money ham•mock / "h&m@k / noun [ C ] a bed consisting of a "rood � take up room This table takes up too much room. � make %screen noun [ a large in some hand over fist, youC ]earn ordecorated spend it screen in very large long piece of cloth or net tied at each end to posts or room (=create spacethis by moving Christian churches separates main part of the 1. Decide which is thethat keyword inthe the idiomatic expression. Usually word other is a things) We need to amounts trees make room in here for the computer. � leave room for sth church fromare thetied partsomeone where the ALTAR is sb’s1hands cannot do what they want ham•per1 / "h&mp@r / verb [ T often passive] 1 to prevent noun roof orto verb, an or /)adverb. Leave room between each plant for the roots to grow. / rufsometimes / (plural roofs / rufs /adjective orasrooves noun [C] do because something such a rule/ ruvz or law prevents something from happening or progressing normally : 3 [ U ] [+for] the possibility for something to exist o �� it The search was hampered by heavy snowfall. 2 to limit happen is plenty of room the the top part ofina someone building :not Thetoroof is leaking 2. Look1hands up keyword the dictionary to see if thecontroversial idiom: There is there. If not, tryfor disagreement in thi off outer used for telling touch or take someone’s freedom to move area. � There’s no room for doubt as to wh � a thatched roof (=made of straw) — picture ➔ C1 something ham•per2 / "h&mp@r / noun [ C ] 1 Am E a large basket one ofagain. the other words. � there is room for improvement (=an indirec did this. 1a. the up top1outer a vehicle : Onetoman hands usedpart for of asking people tellhad youclimbed if they in which you keep dirty clothes until you wash them way of saying something is not very good) There i 2 used by someone who knowthe theroof answer to acar. question onto of his 1b. the top outer part of a 2 Br E a large basket with a lid, used for carrying the room for improvement in a number of managemen 3. Idioms are usually after the definitions of theclearly different senses of the is pointing a gun given at: Rain people to tell to raise both temporary structure pattered onthem the roof of the tent. food for a PICNIC (=meal that you are going to eat outside) areas. used asking peoplearea to tell if they: 2their the hands highest3part offor an underground or you structure word. rock ham•ster / "h&mst@r / noun [ C ] a very small furry wantformations somethingon the roof of the cave not enough room to swing a cat informal used fo animal with a short tail, kept as a pet sbtop eating of your hand to bemouth in a situation saying that a room is very small and there is not enough 3have/get the hard partout of the inside of your ham•string / "h&m%strIN / noun [ C ] a TENDON behind your in through which someone will anything that you quickly want them space to live comfortably in it go the roof 1 do informal to increase to knee do high level : Stock prices have gone through the roof room to maneuver the opportunity to change or do atovery ham•strung / "h&m%strVN / adj prevented from doing have a hand in sth to help make something happen things in a different way in the past six months. 2 informal to suddenly become what you want to do have sb/ sth on your hands to have a person or a extremely angry Words frequently used with room 1 problem that you must deal with hand / h&nd / noun �� raise the roof informal 1 to make a lot of noise : The nouns argument, complacency, debate, 3 have time on your hands to have more time available commotion raised the roof. 2 to complain in an angry 1 body part at end of arm 6 advantages in situation disagreement, doubt, than you need noisy way 2 help 7 sb working on farm/ship improvement have your hands full to be extremely busy with a the roof of 3 clapping 8 handwriting difficult jobthe world used for referring to a very high place such1asifthe top of a mountain room2 / rum / verb [ I ] to share a room, apartment, o in hand something is in hand, you are already 4 part of clock 9 unit of height of horses adealing roof over a have place something to live : Some are house with one or more people : Jean and I roomed if you in people hand, you withyour it 2 head 5 set of cards you hold + PHRASES struggling to keep roof their head. together at college. � + with I’m rooming with two othe are managing it a well soover that it happens in the way it from the Macmillan English Dictionary 1 [ C ] the part of your body at the end of each arm that under sb’s roof in someone’s home : As long as you’re guys this semester. should 3 Br E if a player or team has a game in hand, you use for picking up and holding things : Mrs. Bennet living underplayed my roof, doless as Ithan say. an opponent they have oneyou’ll game %room and "board noun [ U ] an arrangement where you put her hands over her ears to shut out the noise. � have/ under same roof in theissame home : They couldthey no in sb’sthe hands if something in someone’s hands, have a room to sleep in and meals are also provided fo hold sth in your hand He was holding a mug of coffee in his longer bear to livefor under the company same roof.is now in the hands are responsible it : The you : She pays $140 per week for room and board. 1 left hand. � hold sb’s hand He sat by the bed and held her HIT bank. � in good / safe hands I knew that Rebecca was ➔ of the room•er / "rum@r / noun [ C ] Am E someone who rents a hand. � take sb by the hand George took her by the hand 2 in safe hands with my"over parents. roof / ruf / verb %roof phrasal vb [ T ] to cover an area room in someone else’s house and helped her out of the car. � hold hands (=hold each practice something so that you keepayour in toover with roofsentences : hand We roofed our patio last summer. other’s hands) The park was full of young couples holding room•ful / "rumfUl / noun [ C ] ain large number of people 1. Read the and underline the idiomatic expression are still to do %boxable noun [ C ] ita well large hard container that fits on hands. � hand in hand (=holding each other’s hand) They "roof or things that fill a room : a roomful of noisy children keep your each. the roof of ahands car off informal to not touch someone or walked along the cliff top hand in hand. � shake hands room•ie / "rumi / noun [ C ] Am E informal a ROOMMATE something The two men introduced themselves and shook hands. roofed / ruft / adj do with a roof : ansomething old roofed bridge � + with room•ing house / "rumIN %haUs / noun [ C ] a house tha off hand if you not know off hand, you — picture ➔ next page huts roofed with palm leaves Guess the keyword in thebutidiom and lookconsists up this word find of rooms that to people can rent. Br E lodging cannot remember the information you could find it 2 [singular] help : give sb a hand (=help someone) Can2. you roof house out •er / "ruf@ / noun [ C ] someone whose job is to build give me a hand with these boxes? � like/want/need a hand the meaning of the idiom. or roofs of buildings onrepair hand the if someone is on hand, they are available to room•mate / "rum%meIt / noun [ C ] someone who you Do you need a hand with the dusting? � lend a hand (=help) help%garden you if younoun need[ Cthem "roof ] an outside area with plants on share a room, apartment, or house with. Br E usually Lydia said she would lend a hand with the costumes. on the one hand . . . on the other hand used for giving the flathas roof always of a building been the apple of her father’s eye. flatmate 3 [singular] if people give someone a hand, they CLAP a. She two different opinions about something : On the one hand, their hands to show that they have enjoyed a perroof•ing / "rufIN / noun [ U ] 1 material used for making "room %service noun [ U ] a service provided by a hote keyword = expansion would be good, but on the other hand it would formance : a big hand for sb A big hand for the band, ladies or repairing the roofs of buildings 2 the process of that allows you to have food and drink brought to you be sad to or lose the family atmosphere. and gentlemen! � give sb a big hand Let’s give the children building repairing roofs room on (your) hands and knees on the floor, with your a big hand. b. roof At last meeting, I the gotground cold feet and I haven’t been therenoun since. •the less / adj with no roof %room "temperature [ U ] the normal temperature hands and/ "rufl@s your lower legs on 4 [ C ] the hands on a clock are the long parts that move inside a building that is neither too hot nor too cold "roof noun [ C ]well Br E controlled a LUGGAGE : RACK on aofcar out %rack of hand get out hand We around and show the time keyword =not __________ Red wine is best served at room temperature. decided before things got out of hand. •topto/leave "ruf%tAp / noun [ C ] the outside of the roof of a 5 [ C ] the set of cards that have been given to you in a roof room•y / "rumi / adj 1 large and providing you with a something is looking out of your out of your hands if game of cards — picture ➔ C16 building, especially when you are at ithands, from been but a.now the car tunnel. lot of end space :of a roomy 2 roomy clothing is large and someone elsedifficult, is of now charge of [only it there’s 6 [singular] informal the advantages you have that give c. It’s : a jumble redin rooftops before noun]light used at the above comfortable take/get your hands off built informal stop: atouching you a chance to be successful in a particular situation : rooftop about something that is on ato roof keyword = __________ 1 1 someone or something play your hand (=use your advantages) Everything roost / rust / verb [ I ] when birds or BATS roost, they go restaurant/swimming pool ➔ SHOUT take1 sb in /hand has depends on how the company plays its hand. � show / tip somewhere to rest or sleep rook / rUk noun to [ C ]start 1 a controlling piece in thesomeone shape of who a tower been behaving badly your hand (=let an opponent know what your advantages d. It seems risky, but—I picture think➔ we’ll takesb’s the plunge. : CASTLE C16 2 a used in the pretty game of CHESS chickens come home to roost or sth comes home to hand Br E near where you are and therefore available are) The trick is not to show your hand too early. large black European bird like a CROW that lives in big to roost used for saying that bad actions or mistake keyword = __________ to use 7 [ C ] someone who does physical work 7a. someone from the past have unpleasant results in the present noisy groups who works on a farm : It was a large farm, with over 20 turn your hand to sth to start doing something new, hired hands. 7b. someone who works on a ship especially something that involves skill : The former e. He’s not in her good books. 8 [ C ] mainly literary someone’s HANDWRITING : The manumodel has now turned her hand to acting. 1 1 1 1 script was written in the author’s own hand. HANDS DOWN, LIVE , PUMP , UPPER ➔ DECK , FORCE keyword =2, __________ 9 [ C ] a unit for measuring how tall a horse is hand2 / h&nd / verb [ T ] �� to give something to at hand very close to you and easy to reach : Help is someone by holding it in your hand and offering it to f. It’s obvious what you have to do:Systems here it is in black and white. Selwood always at hand if you need it. � close / near at hand I them : hand sth to sb Talbot handed the paper to the man. 09-04-2003 13:11:23 always keep my calculator close at hand. � hand sb sth Sarah handed me an envelope. keyword = __________ at the hands of sb if you suffer or die at the hands of you have to hand it to sb spoken used for saying that someone, they make you suffer or die : They suffered you admire someone for something they have done defeat at the hands of the French. %hand "back phrasal vb [ T ] to give something back to by hand 1 using your hands rather than a machine someone : hand sth back to sb Jean handed the letter back 2 if a letter is delivered by hand, it is not delivered by to Doug. � hand sb sth back The officer handed me my the mail service passport back. first/second/third hand if you experience something first hand, you experience it yourself. If you experience %hand "down phrasal vb [ T ] 1 to give knowledge or skill to someone who is younger than you and will live after something second hand or third hand, someone else you have died : These skills have been handed down from tells you about it. generation to generation. 2 to give clothes, toys, etc. to a get/lay your hands on sth to manage to obtain someyounger child when an older child no longer needs thing : I couldn’t lay my hands on a copy of the book. them go hand in hand to happen or exist together : Economic hand down a judgment/sentence/punishment to say success and job creation go hand in hand. officially that someone will receive a particular punhand in glove if you work hand in glove with someone, ishment you work very closely with them

Dictionary work

BLOOMSBURY

Finding idioms and phrases

H

R

Exercise 8

___apple__

Answer key Exercise 8: b. got cold feet (foot) c. light at the end of the tunnel (light) d. take the plunge (plunge) e. in her good books (book) f. in black and white (black-and-white)

Selwood Systems 09-04-2003 12:27:50

9

Effective Reading

Teacher’s File


Dictionary work


BLOOMSBURY ELTDI$5701 BLOOMSBURY BLOOMSBURY BLOOMSBURY ELTDI$5701 ELTDI$5701 ELTDI$5701 gangster 574 gargantuan Exploring a dictionary page ...........................................................................................................................................

gang •ster / "g&Nst@r / noun [ C ] � a member of an organgangster gangster gangster 574 574 574gar•bage / "gArbIdZ / noun [ U ] � gargantuan gargantuan gargantuan ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................................... ized group of criminals : a movie about Chicago gangsters 1 waste material that you are throwing away, for in the example spoiled food empty containers. Br E usually gang gang gang •ster •ster •1920s ster / "g&Nst@r / "g&Nst@r / "g&Nst@r / noun / /noun noun [ C[]C[� C] ]� a�amember amember member ofofan ofan an organorganorgan- gar gar gar •bage •bage •bage / "gArbIdZ / "gArbIdZ / "gArbIdZ / noun / /or noun noun [ U[ ]U[ U � ] ]� � gang •group way /criminals "g&N%weI /: :anoun [about Cabout ] about a flat boardgangsters or metal ized ized ized group group of1ofcriminals of criminals :a movie amovie movie Chicago Chicago Chicago gangsters gangsters waste waste waste material material material that that that you you you are are are throwing throwing throwing away, away, away, for for for 1rubbish 11

2example informal something someone says or writes that is example example spoiled spoiled spoiled food food food oror or empty empty empty containers. containers. containers. Br Br Br EEusually Eusually usually completely rubbish rubbish rubbish false, silly, or wrong 22 2 informal informal informal something something something someone someone says says says oror or writes writes writes that that that is isis garbage in, garbagesomeone out/GIGO computing used for completely completely completely false, false, silly, silly, silly, or or or wrong wrong wrong saying that iffalse, you put bad information into a computer, crowd of people toget move and land land land tototo let let let people people people get get off off off oror or onapart on on the the the ship ship shipform a passage 2 2 2 the results itgarbage produces will also be bad because someone or something is coming through garbage garbage in, in, in, garbage garbage out/GIGO out/GIGO out/GIGO computing computing computing used used used for for for gang gang gang •way •way •way / "g&N%weI / "g&N%weI / "g&N%weI / /interjection / interjection interjection used used used tototowarn warn warna aa garbage %bag noun [bad Cbad ] information Am E a largeinto plastic bag used saying saying saying that that that ififyou ifyou you put put put bad information information into into a acomputer, acomputer, computer, gan •jaofof / of "gAndZ@; "g&ndZ@ / apart nounand [and U ] form MARIJUANA ,passage espe- "garbage crowd crowd crowd people people people toto to move move move apart apart and form form a apassage a passage for holding garbage the the the results results results itit produces itproduces produces will will will also also also bebe be bad bad bad cially ofsomeone asomeone very strong kind isiscoming because because because someone oror or something something something iscoming coming through through through "garbage %can noun Am aalarge large deep bag container "garbage %bag %bag %bag noun noun noun [ C[[]C[CCAm ]]]Am Am E EE aEalarge plastic plastic plastic bag bag used used used gan •net "g&n@t "g&ndZ@ / "g&ndZ@ noun [ C/ ] /noun a/ noun large white sea bird that gan gan •ja ja •ja / "gAndZ@; / "gAndZ@; //"gAndZ@; "g&ndZ@ noun [ U[ ]U [ U]MARIJUANA ] MARIJUANA MARIJUANA , ,espe, espeespe- "garbage with a lid that you keep outside for holding garbage for for for holding holding holding garbage garbage garbage lives on cially cially cially of ofof a cliffs avery avery very strong strong strong kind kind kind that is ready to be collected. Br E dustbin "garbage "garbage %can %can %can noun noun noun [ C[]C[ C]Am ]Am Am E Ea Ealarge alarge large deep deep deep container container container gan •try noun large tall metal structure gan gan •net net •net //"g&n@t /"g&ntri "g&n@t / "g&n@t / //noun /noun noun [[CC[]C][ Ca ]1]alarge alarge large white white white sea sea sea bird bird bird that that that "garbage col%lector noun [outside C ] Amfor Efor someone whose job with with with a alid alid lid that that that you you you keep keep keep outside outside for holding holding holding garbage garbage garbage used for supporting lights, signals, etc., or for moving "garbage lives lives lives onon on cliffs cliffs cliffs is to collect the garbage left outside in bags or cans that that that is is ready is ready ready to to to be be be collected. collected. collected. Br Br Br E E dustbin E dustbin dustbin heavy on 2alarge technical a large strucgan gan gan •try •try •try /equipment "g&ntri / "g&ntri / "g&ntri / noun / /noun noun [tracks C[]C[ 1 C] ]11 a alarge large tall tall tall metal metal metal structure structure structure ture that is used tolights, build and repair a or ROCKET or other "garbage "garbage dis%posal noun piece of electrical "garbage col%lector col%lector col%lector noun noun noun [ C[[C]C[]Am C] Am ]Am Am EEEsomeone Easomeone someone whose whose whose job job job used used used for for for supporting supporting supporting lights, lights, signals, signals, signals, etc., etc., etc., or or for for for moving moving moving space vehicle under theleft kitchen SINK (=container isto istoto collect collect collect the the the garbage garbage garbage left left outside outside outside ininin bags bags bags oror or cans cans cansfor heavy heavy heavy equipment equipment equipment onon on tracks tracks tracks 222 technical technical technical a alarge alarge large strucstrucstruc- isequipment 1 holding dis%posal water and for washing dishes.) that food gaol /that dZeIl / used aused Brto Etoto spelling of jail ture ture ture that that isisused is build build build and and and repair repair repair a aROCKET aROCKET ROCKET oror or other other other "garbage "garbage "garbage dis%posal dis%posal noun noun noun [ C[]C[ C Am ] ]Am Am E EaEapiece apiece piece ofofelectrical ofcuts electrical electrical waste into under very small pieces so that water will carry it space space space vehicle vehicle equipment equipment equipment under under the the the kitchen kitchen kitchen SINK SINK SINK (=container (=container (=container for for for gaol •vehicle er / "dZeIl@r / a Br E spelling of jailer 1 11 away holding holding holding water water water and and and for for for washing washing washing dishes.) dishes.) dishes.) that that that cuts cuts cuts food food food gaol gaol gaol //dZeIl /g&p dZeIl / dZeIl / a/noun /aBr aBr Br E[E E]spelling spelling ofofjail ofjail jail gap Cspelling �� %dump noun [pieces C ] a so public area, usually outside waste waste waste into into into very very very small small small pieces pieces so so that that that water water water will will will carry carry carry ititit or opening in the middle of something or "garbage 1 a•er gaol gaol gaol •space er •er / "dZeIl@r / "dZeIl@r / "dZeIl@r / a/ /aBr aBr Br E Espelling Espelling spelling ofofjailer ofjailer jailer of a town, where people can leave their garbage away away away between : []C Fill in any gaps around windows and gap gap gap / g&p / g&p / g&p / things noun / /noun noun [C [C �� ] ]�� gar •bage •man / noun "gArbIdZ%m&n / area, noun [C ] Am outside Eoutside aoutside man "garbage "garbage %dump %dump %dump noun noun [ C[]C[a C] ]a public apublic public area, area, usually usually usually � + or between Through the gaps of between the trees I "garbage a aspace aspace space or or opening opening opening ininin the the the middle middle middle ofof something something something oror or 1doors. 11 whose jobwhere iswhere to collect garbage of a atown, atown, town, where people people people can can can leave leave leave their their their garbage garbage garbage could seethings athings river in the distance. � +around in We waited for a gap between between between things : :Fill :Fill Fill inin in any any any gaps gaps gaps around around windows windows windows and and and ofof in the� busy traffic Through and crossed the street. 1a. the athe low area gar gar •bage •bage •bage •man •man •man / "gArbIdZ%m&n / "gArbIdZ%m&n /noun "gArbIdZ%m&n / /noun noun [ C[]C[truck C Am ] ]Am Am EE aEaman aman man "garbage %truck [ C ] Am E a/noun large used for doors. doors. doors. �+�between ++between between Through Through the the the gaps gaps gaps between between between the trees trees trees I I I gar between mountains that people to cross them : aThe whose whose job job job isgarbage isto istoto collect collect collect garbage garbage garbage collecting could could could see see see aa river ariver river ininthe inthe the distance. distance. distance. � �+�in +use +inWe inWe We waited waited waited for for for a agap gap gap whose more southerly route lay across a gap in the mountains. ininin the the the busy busy busy traffic traffic traffic and and and crossed crossed crossed the the the street. street. street. 1a. 1a. 1a. a alow alow low area area area "garbage "garbage "garbage %truck %truck noun noun noun [ C[]C[ CAm ]/]Am Am E"garbanzo EaEalarge alarge large truck truck truck used used used for for for gar •ban%truck •zo / gAr"bAnzoU or %bean noun 2 [+in] mountains something missing fromuse ause situation orthem a system between between between mountains mountains that that that people people people use tototo cross cross cross them them : The : :The The collecting collecting garbage ] Am E garbage agarbage CHICKPEA [ Ccollecting that prevents itroute from being complete or perfect : We will more more more southerly southerly southerly route route lay lay lay across across across a agap agap gap inin in the the the mountains. mountains. mountains. gar gar gar •ban •ban •ban •zo •zo / gAr"bAnzoU / gAr"bAnzoU / gAr"bAnzoU /before /or or "garbanzo "garbanzo "garbanzo %bean %bean %bean noun noun noun garbed /•zo garbd / adj [never/ or noun] literary dressed in carry out research to fill in the gaps in our knowledge. 2then 22 [+in [+in [+in ] something ] ]something something missing missing missing from from from a asituation a situation situation oror or a asystem asystem system [ C[a]C[ C Am ] ]Am Am E EaEaCHICKPEA aCHICKPEA CHICKPEA particular type of clothing : garbed in black � His death leaves a huge gap in the theatrical life of New that that that prevents prevents prevents ititfrom itfrom from being being being complete complete complete oror or perfect perfect perfect : We : :We We will will will garbed garbed garbed //garbd /"gArbl garbd / adj ///adj adj [never [never [never before noun] noun] noun] literary literary literary dressed dressed dressed ininin gar •ble/ garbd verb [ Tbefore ] before to communicate something York. then then then carry carry carry out out out research research research totofill tofill fill ininthe inthe the gaps gaps gaps ininour inour our knowledge. knowledge. knowledge. a badly aparticular aparticular particular type type type ofofof clothing clothing clothing :so garbed : :garbed garbed inin black black black in speech or writing, that itinis confusing or not aHis large difference between things or groups : New The �3 �His �His death death death leaves leaves leaves a ahuge ahuge huge gap gap gap ininin the the the theatrical theatrical theatrical life life life ofofNew of New accurate The military improve its communications to gar gar •ble •ble •ble / "gArbl /: "gArbl / "gArbl / /verb / verb verb [must T[]T[ T]to ] to to communicate communicate communicate something something something president is concerned about the gaps in health coverage gar York. York. York. avoid vital transmissions. badly badly ingarbling inin speech speech speech or or or writing, writing, writing, soso so that that that ititis itisconfusing isconfusing confusing oror or not not not that for children.between �between +between between The or gap between farm 33 3 a alarge aexist large large difference difference difference things things things or or groups groups groups : :The : The The badly accurate accurate accurate : The : The :/The military military military must must improve improve improve itsits its communications communications communications gar •bled "gArbld / must adj confusing or not accurateto : to ato incomes land values isthe wider than ever. �coverage close / president president president isand isconcerned isconcerned concerned about about about the the gaps gaps gaps ininin health health health coverage coverage avoid avoid garbling garbling garbling vital vital vital transmissions. transmissions. transmissions. garbled and unconvincing explanation book clearly bridges narrow /for reduce / bridge gap The that that that exist exist exist for for children. children. children. � �+�the between ++between between The The The gap gap gap between between between farm farm farm avoid the gap between theory and practice. gar gar •bled ••bled •da, bled /the "gArbld / "gArbld / "gArbld / /adj / adj adj confusing confusing or or not not not accurate accurate accurate :a: aa Gar / "gArd@ / confusing noun the or police force in : the incomes incomes incomes and and and land land land values values values isisis wider wider wider than than than ever. ever. ever. � �close � close close / / / gar 4 a period of time in which something does notbridges happen : garbled garbled garbled and and and unconvincing unconvincing explanation explanation explanation Republic ofunconvincing Ireland The The The book book book clearly clearly clearly bridges bridges narrow narrow narrow / reduce / reduce / reduce / bridge / bridge / bridge the the the gap gap gap 1 +the of The second volume in the series came out after a gap Gar the the gap gap gap between between between theory theory theory and and and practice. practice. practice. Gar Gar •da, da, •da, the the / "gArd@ / "gArd@ / "gArd@ / /noun / noun noun the the the police police police force force force ininin the the the gar ••den /the "gArdn / noun �� of4 years. 44 aseven aperiod aperiod period ofoftime oftime time ininin which which which something something something does does does not not not happen happen happen : : : Republic Republic Republic of Ireland Ireland Ireland 1 [ C ] anofof area of land next to or near a house that is 1 1growing 1 + of +a+of of The The The second second second volume volume volume in inin the the the series series series came came came out out after after after a someagap agap gap gar gap in the market an opportunity toout produce used for flowers or vegetables 1a. Br E a YARD gar gar •den •den •den/ "gArdn / "gArdn / "gArdn / noun / /noun noun �� ofthing ofseven ofseven seven years. years. years. that is not yet available but that people would 21 usually plural] aland large area of grass, trees, 11 [ C[[]C C[ C]an ]an an area area area ofofof land land next next next tototo oror or near near near a ahouse aflowers, house house that that that isisis to have etc. that is open to the public for their enjoyment : a like agap agap gap inin in the the the market market market anan an opportunity opportunity opportunity tototo produce produce produce somesomesome- used used used for for for growing growing growing flowers flowers flowers oror or vegetables vegetables vegetables 1a. 1a. 1a. BrBr Br E EaEaYARD aYARD YARD They the afternoon wandering around the Botanical gape / that geIp verb [ Iyet ] yet 1available to look at something or someone thing thing thing that that is/isis not not not yet available available but but but that that that people people people would would would 22 2 [ C[ C[usually Cspent usually usually plural] plural] plural] a alarge alarge large area area area ofofof grass, grass, grass, flowers, flowers, flowers, trees, trees, trees, Gardens. with your mouth open because you are very surprised like like like toto to have have have etc. etc. etc. that that that isisis open open open tototo the the the public public public for for for their their their enjoyment enjoyment enjoyment : :: KITCHEN GARDEN 2 to/ geIp open wide open :something Suddenly he was at the ➔ They They They spent spent spent the the the afternoon afternoon afternoon wandering wandering wandering around around around the the the Botanical Botanical Botanical gape gape gape / geIp / geIp / wide verb / /verb verb [or I ][ I[1 ]be I ]11 to toto look look look atatat something something or or or someone someone someone 2 gar • den / "gArdn / verb [ I ] to take care of a garden and door, his pajama top gaping open. Gardens. Gardens. Gardens. with with with your your your mouth mouth mouth open open open because because because you you you are are are very very very surprised surprised surprised plants : She spends most weekends gardening. KITCHEN KITCHEN KITCHEN GARDEN GARDEN GARDEN gap •to ing /wide "geIpIN /bebe adj a gaping or he space is very 2 22 toto open open open wide wide oror or be wide wide wide open open open : Suddenly : hole :Suddenly Suddenly he he was was was atat the atthe the ➔its ➔➔ 2 22 large :his a gaping wound gar gar gar •den •den •den / "gArdn / "gArdn / "gArdn / verb / /verb verb [noun I ][ I[to ]I ]toto take care care care aan agarden agarden garden and and and "garden a%partment [ take Ctake ] Am E of 1ofof apartment door, door, door, his his pajama pajama pajama top top top gaping gaping gaping open. open. open. its its plants plants plants : She : She :the She spends spends spends most most most weekends weekends weekends gardening. gardening. gardening. is on lowest floor of a building and that leads gap-toothed "tuTt / adj with large gap gap gap •ing •ing •ing / "geIpIN / "geIpIN / "geIpIN / %g&p /adj /adj adj a agaping agaping gaping hole hole hole oror or space space space isisspaces is very very very itsthat directlya%partment to a yard 2 noun any one of a of apartment between your teeth large large large : a: :agaping agaping gaping wound wound wound "garden "garden "garden a%partment a%partment noun noun [ C[]C[ C ]Am ]Am Am Egroup EE 111 anan an apartment apartment apartment buildings that surround aofyard or garden that that isison ison on the the the lowest lowest lowest floor floor floor ofof a abuilding abuilding building and and and that that that leads leads leads ga •rage1 / g@"rAZ; g@"rAdZ / /noun �� gap-toothed gap-toothed gap-toothed / %g&p / %g&p / %g&p "tuTt "tuTt "tuTt / adj / adj adj with with withlarge large largespaces spaces spaces that directly directly directly to%center toto a ayard ayard yard 222 any any one ofofof a store agroup agroup group ofofof apartment apartment apartment noun [any C ]one aone large that sells plants, [ C ] ayour building for keeping a car in, especially one "garden 1between between between your your teeth teeth teeth 1 1 1 buildings buildings buildings that that that surround surround surround ayard ayard yard oror or garden garden garden flowers, and the toolsaand equipment you need for that is connected to or near your house ga ga ga •rage •rage •rage / g@"rAZ; / g@"rAZ; / g@"rAZ; g@"rAdZ g@"rAdZ g@"rAdZ / noun / /noun noun �� : a house with a taking %center care of a noun garden two-car 1a. an area inside or below a building "garden "garden %center %center noun noun [ C[]C[ C a] ]alarge alarge large store store store that that that sells sells sells plants, plants, plants, [ C[]C[ C]a]abuilding agarage building building for for for keeping keeping keeping a acar acar car in, in, in, especially especially especially one one one "garden 11 1 where can leave your car : an underground garage flowers, flowers, flowers, and and and the the the tools tools tools equipment equipment equipment you you need need need for for for "city noun [ Cand ] and aand community ofyou homes that that that that isisconnected isyou connected connected tototo oror or near near near your your your house house house : a: :ahouse ahouse house with with with a aa %garden — picture C 1 taking taking taking care care care of of of a a garden a garden garden includes many parks and public gardens ➔ 1a. two-car two-car two-car garage garage garage 1a. 1a. anan an area area area inside inside inside oror or below below below a abuilding abuilding building 2 [ C ] a place that repairs cars : They took the car to a where where where you you you can can can leave leave leave your your your car car car : an : :an an underground underground underground garage garage garage %garden %garden %garden "city "city noun noun noun [ C[]C[/C]noun a] acommunity a community community ofofof homes homes homes that that that gar •den •"city er / "gArdn@r [C] � local garage —— picture —picture picture 1C1 get it fixed. includes includes many many many parks parks parks and and and public public gardens gardens gardens 1includes someone whose job ispublic to take care of a garden : the ➔➔C➔1Cto ] ]a aplace ofthat U.S. dancecars music that developed from 23 22 [ C[[]U C[ C]a atype place place that that repairs repairs repairs cars cars : They : :They They took took took the the the car car car to toto a aa gar head gardener on an estate gar gar •den •den •den •er •er •er / "gArdn@r / "gArdn@r / "gArdn@r / noun / /noun noun [ C[]C[ C � ] ]�� HOUSE MUSIC and is influenced by DISCO music local local local garage garage garage toin toget tothe get get it1980s itfixed. itfixed. fixed. someone who enjoys growing plants and is good at 12 11 someone someone someone whose whose whose job job job isisis tototo take take take care care care ofofof a agarden agarden garden : the : :the the from the Macmillan English Dictionary of U.S. rock music that developed in the 33a. 33 [ U[ ]U[aUa ] ]atype type atype type ofofof U.S. U.S. U.S. dance dance dance music music music that that that developed developed developed from from from ithead head head gardener gardener gardener onon on anan an estate estate estate 1960s and is influenced by British ROCK AND ROLL . It was HOUSE HOUSE HOUSE MUSIC MUSIC MUSIC ininin the the the 1980s 1980s 1980s and and and isisinfluenced isinfluenced influenced byby by DISCO DISCO DISCO music music music 2 22 someone someone someone who enjoys enjoys enjoys growing growing and and and isisis good good good atatat gar •de •niawho / who gAr"dini@ /growing noun [ Cplants ] plants aplants large white flower mainly played by rock people whothat were not professional 3a. 3a. 3a. a atype atype type ofofof U.S. U.S. U.S. rock rock music music music that that developed developed developed ininin the the the itit it smells that sweet 4. very What word for garbage is more common in musicians. 1960s 1960s 1960s and and and isisinfluenced isinfluenced influenced byby by British British British ROCK ROCK ROCK AND AND AND ROLL ROLL ROLL . It . .Itwas Itwas was gar gar •de de •de •nia •nia ••nia / gAr"dini@ / gAr"dini@ //gAr"dini@ / /noun /noun noun [ C[]C[ U C]a]alarge alarge large white white white flower flower gar •den ing "gArdnIN the activity offlower plan4 [ C ] aplayed place where you go to buy gas :not GAS STATION mainly mainly mainly played played byby by people people people who who who were were were not not professional professional professional British Look over the dictionary page and answer that that that smells smells smells very very very sweet sweet sweet ning and looking afterEnglish? a garden : He enjoys gardening. � ga •rage2 / g@"rAZ; g@"rAdZ / verb [ T ] to keep a vehicle musicians. musicians. musicians. a •gardening manual/book gar gar den •den •den •ing •ing •ing / "gArdnIN / "gArdnIN / "gArdnIN / /noun /noun noun [ U[ ]U[ U]the ]the the activity activity activity ofofof planplanplaninside aplace building : The old barn isgas used garaging 44 4 [ C[]C[ C a] ]aplace place where where where you you you gogo go to toto buy buy buy gas gas : GAS : for :GAS GAS STATION STATION STATION the gar the following questions. ning ning ning and and and looking looking looking after after after aagarden garden :English, He : He : party He enjoys enjoys enjoys gardening. �of �� the %party noun [aCa ]garden formal ingardening. agardening. large yard 2 22 5. In American which vehicles. ga ga ga •rage •rage •rage / g@"rAZ; / g@"rAZ; / g@"rAZ; g@"rAdZ g@"rAdZ g@"rAdZ / /verb /verb verb [ T[]T[ T]to]toto keep keep keep a avehicle avehicle vehicle "garden a for agardening agardening gardening manual/book manual/book a lot of manual/book people "garage %sale noun [The C ]old Am E anisoccasion when someone inside inside inside a abuilding abuilding building : The : :The old old barn barn barn isused isused used for for for garaging garaging garaging the the the following words is a common collocation 1. Which of the following countable "garden "garden %party %party %party noun noun noun [ C[[]C[CC a]]]aformal formal party party ininin a alarge a large large yard yard yard %garden "shed aformal smallparty building for storing sells furniture, clothes, books,are toys, etc. that they do "garden vehicles. vehicles. vehicles. for for for a a lot a lot lot of of of people people people garden tools, bicycles, and other equipment — picture ➔ not want any more "garage "garage "garage %sale %sale %sale noun noun noun [ C[]C[ Am C ] ]Am Am E Ean Egarage, an an occasion occasion occasion when when when someone someone someone with garbage? nouns? gangster, gap, garbage C1 %garden %garden "shed "shed "shed noun noun noun [ C[]C[ C]a]asmall a small small building building building for for for storing storing storing sells sells sells furniture, furniture, furniture, clothes, clothes, clothes, books, books, books, toys, toys, toys, etc. etc. etc. that that that they they they dodo do %garden Garage sales are also called yard sales because people garden garden garden tools, tools, tools, bicycles, bicycles, bicycles, and and and other other other equipment equipment equipment — picture —picture picture "garden-va%riety adj [only before noun] Am—E ordinary ➔➔➔ not not not want want want any any any more more more usually have them in their garage, DRIVEWAY, or yard a. bin b. can c. bucket basket C1C 1C1 not very interesting : We saw a show when wed. and were 2. How many entries areyard there for gap? next tosales their home. Garage Garage Garage sales sales are are are also also also called called called yard yard sales sales sales because because because people people people in New York but it was nothing special – just your garden"garden-va%riety "garden-va%riety "garden-va%riety adj adj adj [only [only [only before before before noun] noun] noun] Am Am Am E EE ordinary ordinary ordinary usually usually usually have have have them them them ininin their their their garage, garage, garage, DRIVEWAY DRIVEWAY DRIVEWAY , or , ,or or yard yard yard variety musical. and and and not not not very very very interesting interesting interesting : We : :We We saw saw saw a ashow ashow show when when when we we we were were were garb /the gArb / home. noun [ U ] a particular typedictionary, of clothing, for 3. Using information in the next next next to totheir totheir their home. home. in inNew inNew New York York but but it itwas was was nothing nothing nothing special special special –just just your your your gardengardengardengar •gan •York tubut •an /itgAr"g&ntSu@n / adj– –just extremely big : a example clothing that shows your situation in life or variety variety variety musical. musical. musical. the work you do gargantuan appetite : his customary military garb choose to complete garb garb garb / gArb / gArb / the gArb / noun / /correct noun noun [ U[ ]U[ Ua ] ]aparticular apreposition particular particular type type type ofof of clothing, clothing, clothing, for for for gar gar •gan •gan •gan •tu •tu •tu •an •an •an / gAr"g&ntSu@n / gAr"g&ntSu@n / gAr"g&ntSu@n / /adj / adj adj extremely extremely extremely big big big : a : :aa example example example clothing clothing clothing that that that shows shows shows your your your situation situation situation ininin life life life oror or gar the sentence: The dog escaped from the the the work work work you you you dodo gargantuan gargantuan gargantuan appetite appetite appetite :do his : :his his customary customary customary military military military garb garb garb the structure that can be put in place between a ship and inin in the the the 1920s 1920s 1920s

11 land•way let1 people get /off or on the ship gang gang gang •to way •way / "g&N%weI / "g&N%weI / "g&N%weI /noun /noun noun [ C[]C [ C]a]aflat a flat flat board board board oror or metal metal metal 2 gang •way /can "g&N%weI / in interjection used ato warn a structure structure structure that that that can can bebe be put put put inin place place place between between between aship aship ship and and and

G G G G

Exercise 9

10

Effective Reading Teacher’s File Selwood Systems 09-04-2003 12:18:33

Answer key Exercise 9: 1. gangster, gap, garage 2. four 3. in 4. rubbish 5. can

yard through a gap ___ the fence.


Selwood Selwood Selwood Systems Systems Systems09-04-2003 09-04-2003 09-04-2003 12:18:33 12:18:33 12:18:33

many sugars do you take? May/Can I suggest. . .? a polite and formal way of 2 [ C ] science one of a group of sweet substances consuggesting something tained in plants May/Can/Could I make a way of suggesting 3 [singular] spoken used for talking to someone you like a suggestion? something, often used or love : Come on, sugar, eat your dinner. when interrupting people sug•ar2 / "SUg@r / verb [ T ] 1 to add sugar to something who are already or cover something with sugar : Have you sugared my discussing what to do tea? 2 to try to make something seem less unpleasant Examples: than it is : Did they offer to sugar the deal? — sug•ared adj: using the Macmillan English Dictionary sugared almonds How about going out to dinner tonight? "sugar %beet noun [ C / U ] a vegetable that grows under I know, let’s go swimming! the ground and is used for producing sugar "sugar %bowl noun [ C ] a bowl used for serving sugar, Why don’t you try phoning their office number often with a lid — picture ➔ BOWL instead? "sugar %cane noun [ C / U ] a tall tropical plant with thick Perhaps we could ask Jerry’s father if he has a tent stems that is used for producing sugar he could lend us? sug•ar-coat•ed / "SUg@r %koUt@d / adj 1 trying to make I suppose we could always go to the movies instead. something seem less unpleasant than it is : a sugarcoated picture of military service 2 covered in sugar : Many in English May I suggest thatwords we postpone discussingcan this be untilused in more than one sugar-coated cereal the next meeting? word class. For example, the word back can be an Each headword (the main word listed for each entry) "sugar %daddy noun [ C ] informal an older man who I make a suggestion? Why don’t we put all the a younger especially adverb (Go back to school!), an adjective (He went hasgives a label that woman showsexpensive its wordpresents, class, for example, Could guests on the first floor and then everyone will be happy? in exchange for a romantic or sexual relationship out the back door), a noun (I fell noun, adj (= adjective), phrasal vb (= phrasal verb) and sug•ar•y / "SUg@ri / adj 1 tasting sweet from sugar : The sug•gest•i•ble / s@g"dZest@bl / adj easily influenced bydown and hurt my iced tea is too sugary. 2 sugary talk or behavior is and a verb (Heoften backed adverb. other peopleback), : Children of this age are highly his sug-car into the parking intended to please people but is not sincere : Don’t be gestible. — sug •gest•i•bil •ty / s@g%dZest@"bIl@ti / noundifferent [U] space). In•ithe dictionary, each meaning of taken in by his sugary compliments. sug•ges•tion / s@g"dZestS@n / noun �� sug•gest / s@g"dZest / verb [ T ] �� the word is given a separate entry (or subentry) that is 1 [ C ] an idea or plan that you offer for someone to 1 to offer an idea or a plan for someone to consider : consider : If you’re looking for presnumbered in last-minute order of Christmas frequency. The report suggested various ways in which the service ents, here are some suggestions. � + that The committee could be improved. � + (that) I suggest we have dinner first, from Macmillan rejected a suggestion that stock options should be offered to + what / why / where etc. Can andthe then watch the English movie. �Dictionary junior employees. � + for / about He had some good suganyone suggest what we should do to increase sales? � gestions for making improvements in our service. � make / suggest doing sth If there is a mechanical problem, we suggest contacting the manufacturer directly. Could a few suggestions offer a suggestion Read theI make sentences and about study the 2 to tell someone about something that may be useful the way your essay is structured? � open to suggestions words. Write a correct class from the box next tounderlined : RECOMMEND : or appropriate for aword particular purpose (=willing consider suggestions) We have a few ideas you suggest an inexpensive restaurant? � The doctor for the show, but we’re open to suggestions. 1a. [ U ] the to Can each word. check in the dictionary. suggested rest as an Then alternative to surgery. : at sb’s suggestion at act of suggesting something 1. Write the word classIt was of the underlined 3 to say that something is likely to exist or be true : Larry’s suggestion that I attended the meeting. IMPLY : The cause of the problem, as Hutton suggests, is the 2 [singular] word. the possibility that something is true, or leadership’s refusal to accept anyinterjection form of criticism. � + (that) noun conjunction preposition evidence showing that something may be true : + that Are you seriously suggesting she did this on purpose? � I’m The senator rejected any suggestion thatword she was to 2. Now find the inblame. the dictionary and not suggesting that giving up smoking will be easy. 3a. to adjective � There is no suggestion that the plan will adversely affect make you think that something is likely to exist or be write the headword its entry number. + of They dismissed anyand suggestion employment in the city. � true : As its name suggests, the Carlton Beach Hotel is of a link between factory emissions and acid rain. 2a. a situated near the ocean. � Evidence suggests a link between __ h. during _______ a. scenery _ : + of There was a suggestion of small sign of something asthma and pollution. � + (that) Recent research suggests a. Their wages are the lowest in town. rain in the air. that the drug may be beneficial to people with muscular 3 [ U ] the action of influencing someone to make a _______ ________ disorders. b. hello _______ i. indoor _______ mental connection between one thing and another : The 4 formal to remind you of something : The architecture success of advertising depends on the power of suggestion. suggested a chapel.

Dictionary work Word classes

S

Exercise 11

Exercise 10

noun

c. with

_______ j. please

b. Airlines face enormous losses. _______ ________

_______

d. convinced _______ k. whereas _______ e. whether

_______ l. provided _______

f. frail

_______ m. blessing _______

g. honey

_______ n. despite _______

Selwood Systems 11-13-2003 17:15:51

c. She came second in the tournament. _______ ________ d. Of course we believe we are fighting for a just cause. _______ ________ e. I’m halfway through the book. _______ ________

Exercise 11: a. noun, wage1 b. verb, face2 c. number, second1 d. adjective, just2 e. adverb, halfway1 Answer key Exercise 10: b. interjection c. preposition d. adjective e. conjunction f. adjective g. noun h. preposition i. adjective j. interjection k. conjunction l. conjunction m. noun n. preposition

11

Effective Reading

Teacher’s File


articular way only slightly cast. ne or net into

balm /something bAm / noun [is Cis/ U ]isis 1excellent an oil with aadmired nice smell that nervous nervous nervous nervous nervous or oror excited or excited or or excited excited excited way way 2 22 something 2 something 22 something something something that that that that that that is excellent is excellent excellent excellent excellent and and and and and admired and admired admired admired admired by byby by aaby by lot alot aalot alot of of lot lot of ofof of nervous :+•+ble around : :around ++: around :+around +around / /up up //up and up /and /up up and and down and and down down down down etc. etc. etc. etc. Will etc. Will etc. Will Will Will Will of being re •excited me •way diway •:way away /around rI"midi@bl /down adj formal capable ment

happen or be possible : It better remains2tomainly be seen whether she’ll bird has a brown band across its chest. 5a. a narrow area you rub sore skin to make it feel people people people people people : :before aaon :jewel :ajewel a : :a jewel a jewel jewel jewel ofofa of of adoing city of a of city aa city a city city city you you you you kids you you kids kids kids kids stop kids stop stop stop stop jigging stop jigging jigging jigging jigging jigging around around around around around around for for for for one for one for one one moment? one moment? one moment? moment? moment? moment? 2a. 2a. 2a. 2a. 2a. [2a. T [ T][][Tto Tto [][T]Tto ]to ] to to corrected, solved, cured 5people [only noun] something but not be fitthat enough to play in sometimes, the finals. of rain that passes over awith place :or We can expect another literary something makes you feel calm and relaxed make make make make make make something something something something something something move move move move move move with with with with with small small small small small small fast fast fast fast fast movements fast movements movements movements movements movements the the the the jewel the jewel the jewel jewel jewel jewel in inin sb’s in sb’s in in sb’s sb’s sb’s crown sb’s crown crown crown crown the the the the best the best the best best best or best or or most or most or or most most most most valuable valuable valuable valuable valuable valuable thing thing thing thing thingband often or regularly : crown OCCASIONAL : casual moviegoers �thing Even 1 re • me • di • al / rI"midi@l / adj 1 intended to help people of showers in the afternoon. re • main • der / rI"meInd@r / noun �� balm •that y someone /someone "bAmi /owns adj 1or and pleasant balmy night jig jig jig •literary ger •jig ger jig ••ger ger ••ger /ger /"dZIg@r "dZIg@r /a/"dZIg@r "dZIg@r /ring /"dZIg@r "dZIg@r / /that noun noun //have noun /noun /you noun noun [C [ C]difficulty []wear [C 1C1 [][C]C 1 a]1 a]1 very 1 a very avery avery ayour very very small small small small small small glass glass glass glass glass glass for for for for measmeasfor for measmeasmeasmeasthat that that that that someone someone someone someone owns owns owns owns owns orwarm or has or has or or has has achieved has has achieved achieved achieved achieved achieved casual readers of the business pages will: a be aware of831 jig long longshoreman who learning the basic skills of reading, on finger, especially the part of something that is6 left after 1 2the remainder crazy ........................................................................................................................................... �Greenspan’s balmy weather uring uring uring uring uring uring alcohol alcohol alcohol alcohol alcohol alcohol 1a. 1a. 1a. 1a. 1a. the 1a. the the the amount the amount the amount amount amount amount that that that that that a that aclass/course/teacher jigger ajigger aajigger ajigger jigger jigger holds holds holds holds holds holds 22 2 a2 a22 aa2 aa intended influence. "jewel "jewel "jewel "jewel "jewel "jewel %box %box %box %box %box %box noun noun noun noun noun noun [C [rest C]old-fashioned [][C 1C1 [][C]has C 1 a]1 a]1 box 1 box aagone box abox afor box for box for for holding holding for for holding holding holding holding jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry 2 2 com2 com2We 2 comcomcomcometc. :a remedial a WEDDING the or been finished :2 + of must keep our RINGwriting, CHIGGER CHIGGER CHIGGER CHIGGER CHIGGER CHIGGER 6 [only before noun] not involving strong feelings or emo%long-drawn-"out adj continuing for too long : PRO long time no see spoken used when you meet someone ba •lo •puting ney /aclear b@"loUni /case noun [that Uthat ]that 1opens spoken nonsense or puting puting puting puting puting aaclear aclear aa clear clear clear plastic plastic plastic plastic plastic plastic case case case case that case that opens that opens opens opens opens like like like like like alike abook abook aa book a book book book and and and and and is and isis isyear. is is improve orpassive] correct1something : Remedial action must a Spanish band b&nd /toverb [ T often to put a circular costs down for the remainder of the financial 1a.2 /in tions : casual friendships �CD He described TRACTED :ge you have not seen aor long time lies 2 Amto Eto informal BOLOGNA jig jig jig jig •ge •jig ge jig ••ge •ge •ry-po ••ge ry-po •a•ry-po ry-po •long-drawn-out •ry-po ry-po •something ke •be ke ••ke •ke •ry ••ke ry ke ••ry ry /•/•%dZIg@ri"poUk@ri ry ry %dZIg@ri"poUk@ri /:/%dZIg@ri"poUk@ri %dZIg@ri"poUk@ri /war /the %dZIg@ri"poUk@ri %dZIg@ri"poUk@ri /of noun noun //public noun /noun /noun noun [U [so U][]health. [U mainly U [mainly ][U]U mainly ]mainly ]mainly mainly designed designed designed designed designed designed to hold to hold to to hold hold hold hold aafor aCD aa a CD CD or CD CD or CD or CD or or -CD ROM -CD ROM CD -CD ROM -ROM -ROM -amount ROM himself as a casual 3 intended to taken for protection f small round around The birds are /banded we can mathematics, the that is left when oneband number � casual sex (=between acquaintance of the Kennedys’. not by a long shot informal used for saying that someBr Br Br E Br E Br Br E informal E informal E E informal informal informal informal dishonest dishonest dishonest dishonest dishonest dishonest behavior behavior behavior behavior behavior behavior that that that that that that is is is intended is intended is is intended intended intended intended to toto toto to "longed-%for adj mainly literary wanted very much for bal •jew sa /eled "bOls@; "bAls@ [jeweled ]ajeweled very soft light wood, used treat or 2 cure a medical condition : into remedial / jew jew jew jew •jew eled •eled ••eled ••eled eled / /"dZu@ld "dZu@ld //"dZu@ld "dZu@ld //"dZu@ld "dZu@ld / //adj adj /noun / adj /adj /adivided adj aadj jeweled a aUajeweled jeweled jeweled object object object object object object has has has has has been has been been been been been decdecdecdecdecdec-track their movements. d and brought to put people or things cannot be exactly by another using thesurgery Macmillan English Dictionary peopleiswho do notatknow each other well) He was only : They’ve achieved a lot, but they thing not true all trick trick trick trick trick trick people, people, people, people, people, people, often often often often often often in in in business in business in in business business business business or or or politics or politics or or politics politics politics politics : a longed-for reunion with her lover a long time especially for making model ships and airplanes a. [ C ] •di•al•ly advto value or treatment — re•meaccording orated orated orated orated orated orated with with with with with with jewels jewels jewels jewels jewels jewels :]:abusiness a:jeweled :ajeweled a : :a jeweled a jeweled jeweled jeweled crown/belt/box crown/belt/box crown/belt/box crown/belt/box crown/belt/box crown/belt/box d, used espedifferent groups, for example 2 [ C a book that is sold for less than its usual • su • al • ly adv looking for casual sex. — ca haven’t finished yetwood – notcomes by a long shot. the tree that this from jig jig jig jig • gle jig gle jig • • gle gle • • gle / gle / "dZIgl "dZIgl / / "dZIgl "dZIgl / / "dZIgl "dZIgl / verb verb / / verb / verb / verb [ verb I [ ] I ] [ to [ I to ] I [ ] [ I to move ] I to move ] to to move move move move slightly slightly slightly slightly slightly slightly up up up up and and up up and and and down and down down down down down or or or or or or lon • gev • i • ty / lAn"dZev@ti / noun [ U ] formal the fact of income jew jew jew jew jew • jew el • el • • el er • el • er • el • el • er er • / • er / er "dZu@l@r "dZu@l@r / / "dZu@l@r "dZu@l@r / / "dZu@l@r "dZu@l@r / / noun / noun / / noun / noun noun noun [ C [ C][][CC someone [ ] someone [ C ] C]someone ] someone someone someone who who who who who who makes, makes, makes, makes, makes, makes, re • me • di • a • tion / rI%midi"eISn / noun [ U ] formal the price because not many people have bought it not•u long for this mainly literary likely to die soon cas •a•lise a Brworld E "bAls@m spelling ofnoun casualize from from from from from from side side side side to side toto side to side to to side side side more side more more more more more than than than than one one one time one one time time time time :time :AaA:promotes nerve :Anerve A :situation :A nerve A nerve nerve nerve jiggled jiggled jiggled jiggled jiggled at atat atat at :come aone diet that health aside long life or existence bal •repairs, sam /or "bOls@m; /and [other Uother ] a substance like 2 repairs, repairs, repairs, repairs, repairs, or or or sells sells or or sells sells sells jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry and and and and and other other other other objects objects objects objects objects objects made made made made of ofof ofof of having process of improving or correcting a ne whose ship to"gether phrasal vb [ Ithan ]than to together as a jiggled group re •sells main •jewelry der /has rI"meInd@r /E verb [ Tmade ] made business to sell acorner take long hard look at sb / sth a %band cas •valuable uvaluable •aa•comes lize /from "k&Zu@%laIz / Itverb ] toBrthink to about employ the the the the corner the corner the corner corner corner ofofachieve his of of his of his of his mouth. his mouth. his mouth. mouth. mouth. mouth. a.a.a. [a. T [a. T]a. [][to TTto []:[T]to Tmake ]to make ]to to make make make make something something something something something something move move move move move move and longevity oil that plants. a[ Tstrong smell and is valuable valuable valuable valuable metal metal metal metal metal metal and and and and and stones and stones stones stones stones stones problem beach where in order to something The various opposition book for less than its usual price because not many problem or issue very carefully in order to find out workers only when they are needed instead of as per- %long in in in this in this in in this this this way this way way way way way : : If If : the : If the If : : If the If the toilet the toilet the toilet toilet toilet toilet won’t won’t won’t won’t won’t flush, flush, flush, flush, flush, flush, just just just just jiggle just just jiggle jiggle jiggle jiggle jiggle the the the the handle the handle the handle handle handle handle 1won’t used in medicines and PERFUMES . "face noun [ C ] informal a sad, disappointed, or jew jew jew jew jew •jew elled •elled •is •elled elled ••elled elled / /"dZu@ld "dZu@ld /— /people "dZu@ld "dZu@ld /or /"dZu@ld "dZu@ld / /the the /the Br /lithe Br the Br E Br EBr spelling E spelling EE spelling E spelling spelling spelling ofofdealing jeweled of of jeweled of jeweled of jeweled jeweled jeweled groups have banded to form/ anoun single rem •etogether •dy / "rem@di [ C ]party. �� have bought it what wrong a•/the better way of with it : manent staff cafind •su •/a •za •Br tion / %k&Zu@lI"zeISn / noun aalittle. a little. aa little. a little. little. little. — — jig — jig —— jig — jig jig •jig gle •gle ••gle gle •noun •gle noun gle noun noun noun noun [C [ C][][CC[][C]C] ] 1 were piece some serious expression on bal •sam ••el ic vin •"dZu@l@r e •gar //the "vInIg@r /jeweler noun [U] : Pericles foresaw 1 a solution al classes that jew jew jew jew •should jew el •el ••el ler •el •ler •el •ler ler •take /•ler /ler "dZu@l@r "dZu@l@r //"dZu@l@r "dZu@l@r /a•/main "dZu@l@r / /the the /the Br /bOl%s&mIk the Br the Br E ErI"meInIN Br Br spelling E spelling Eat E spelling E spelling spelling spelling of jeweler of of jeweler of jeweler of jeweler jeweler band •still age / "b&ndIdZ /someone’s nounto[ Ca/ Uparticular ]face � a: There long problem thin We long hard look the way we deal with [U ]jew re •/ing /Br /ofadj [only before noun] �� jig jig jig jig • saw • jig saw jig • • saw saw • • saw saw / / "dZIg%sO "dZIg%sO / / "dZIg%sO "dZIg%sO / / "dZIg%sO "dZIg%sO / / noun noun / / noun / noun / noun noun [ C [ C ] [ ] [ C 1 C [ 1 ] [ C ] C 1 jigsaw ] 1 jigsaw ] 1 1 jigsaw jigsaw jigsaw jigsaw or or or jigsaw or jigsaw or or jigsaw jigsaw jigsaw jigsaw puzzle puzzle puzzle puzzle puzzle puzzle long faces in the hall when the results were read out. an expensive type of sweet dark VINEGAR that peace would lead to unemployment, and among his the system of of cloth that you wrap around an injured part of your refugees in jew jew jew jew •jew el •el •el lery •el •lery •el •el •lery lery •this •lery lery / /"dZu@lri "dZu@lri /country. /"dZu@lri "dZu@lri //"dZu@lri "dZu@lri /noun /the the //the /the Br /the Br the Br E Br E Br Br spelling E spelling EE spelling E spelling spelling spelling jewelry of of jewelry of jewelry of jewelry jewelry jewelry left after other people orofof things have gone, have been ca •jew su ••als / "k&Zu@lz / [plural] informal clothes aapicture apicture aa picture a picture picture picture made made made made made made of ofof aof aof lot of alot aa lot a lot of of lot lot of small of small of of small small small small pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces that that that that that you that you you you you have you have have have have have to toto toto to long • hand / "lON%h&nd / noun [ U ] ordinary writing done Bal • tic / "bOltIk / adj relating to the Baltic Sea in northern ple who have remedies was a public building program. � + for There are body think about the effects take the long dealt viewwith, (of sth) etc. :to What should we do for the remaining half ca • su • al • ty / "k&Zu@lti / noun 1 [ C usually plural] someone fit fit fit together fit together fit fit together together together together : : She’s She’s : : She’s She’s : : She’s She’s doing doing doing doing doing doing a a 5000 a 5000 a 5000 a 5000 a 5000 piece 5000 piece piece piece piece piece jigsaw. jigsaw. jigsaw. jigsaw. jigsaw. jigsaw. 2 2 2 a 2 a 2 machine 2 a machine a machine a machine a machine machine ELTDI$5701 2 Europe and to the countries this region : the Baltic by hand instead typing no of miraculous remedies for learning difficulties. 1a. legal that something will haveremaining in in the future rather thanwithband •that age /wood "b&ndIdZ /curves verb [and Tand ]and bandage or bandage hour? �killed The issues can be dealt at the next who is injured or in an accident or military that that that that that cuts cuts cuts cuts cuts cuts wood wood wood wood wood in in in curves in curves in in curves curves curves and and and shapes shapes shapes shapes shapes shapes with with with with with with a a long a long a a long a long long long thin thin thin thin thin thin states � This will the givepresent a boost to the Baltic economies. a solution to aperiod disagreement : When worrying about %long "haul noun ] acomplicated long of hard work :there The is a nuisance, l a castellated to wrap a bandage around an injured part of your up meeting. � any /situation allcasualties remainingfrom Today’s defeat has killed any action : There were no reports of the attack. 3 33 a3 a[3C 3 complicated aa complicated aacomplicated complicated complicated problem problem problem problem problem problem consisting consisting consisting consisting consisting consisting of ofof ofof of metal metal metal metal metal metal blade blade blade blade blade blade the law provides a to legal remedy by way of injunction or to a long story for saying that bal •make/cut us•trade / "b&l@%streId / short noun [used Crebels ] areaching stone structure meat trade faces a long haul back profitability. usually with body remaining hopes of of them theheavy final. � heavy casualties A small group inflicted many many many many many many different different different different different different parts parts parts parts parts parts like a fence around the edge of a BALCONY or other area you will tell the end or the main point of a story without damages. in sth for the long haul determined to continue with "Band-%Aid 1 piece of TAPE with athe cotton casualties (=many people/ rI"meInz injured killed) on labels the gov- [C], re •mains /ornoun [plural] �� In the entries for nouns youa long will see the Some followed by infinitive form of the jiji•[U] had •jiji had •ji •had jihad ••had had / /dZI"hAd dZI"hAd //dZI"hAd dZI"hAd /trademark /dZI"hAd dZI"hAd / /anoun /cure noun /verbs /noun /noun noun noun [C [aC][are ][C C a[]a [C]C]a holy ]aholy aa holy holy holy war war war war war war or or or or fight or fight or fight fight fight that that that that that that than ground make story short, we both giving thethe details earring earring earring earring earring earring 2middle, for pain or aholy minor illness :fight homeopathic/herbal code something until it is successfully small wheels580 higher square intake the which you stick over a cut on ernmentall forces. [ C: ]Tosomeone or genetic something that is died the of a person or animal that has : Human 1in2 ........................................................................................ Muslims Muslims Muslims Muslims Muslims Muslims take take take take take part part part part part in part infinished in to in to in in to defend defend to to defend defend defend defend Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam Islam spent the night jail./body remedies � +to for Comfrey seems to : have been a remedy for of the •boo / b&m"bu noun [ C / U ]ofa something tall tropical plant [C/U]. verb and some are followed by the -ing form over the long haul over a long period of time Over the damaged or suffers as a result else : + of ften attached or bam 2 informal a temporary way of dealing with your skin remains were foundand along thebirth railroad tracks. jilt 2 jilt jilt jilt /jilt /jilt dZIlt dZIlt //dZIlt dZIlt //dZIlt /dZIlt /verb verb //verb /verb /verb [verb T [ T]have []informal [Tinformal T[][T ]informal T]informal ]informal informal to totell to to tell to tell to tell someone tell someone tell someone someone someone someone that that that that that you that you you you want you you want want want want want between the birth ofbeen astems person of that ances : + about ills. with thick light-brown that are used for making long /necklace lON /has adv �� Education casualty ofthe government long haul, stocks been the very necklace necklace necklace necklace necklace uipment problem thatall will not really solvebest it investment. 2again the part a of something that is leftspenafter thea rest has to to to end to end to to end end end your end your your your your your romantic romantic romantic romantic romantic romantic relationship relationship relationship relationship relationship relationship with with with with with with them them them them them them 2 tion like that. person’s children : Within a generation, the family had verb. The dictionary shows this in the following way: : ayou table � things and: fences forcuts. asuch long period of EMERGENCY time I hope haven’t 1 3 as [ Ubeen ] furniture Br Efinished, an ROOM in a hospital ding rem •e•dy / verb [ Tespecially ]/ � to correct "long-%haul a/ "rem@di long distance, lleto ban •dan •naadj ortraveling ban •dan •a / %b&n"d&n@ noun [ C ]by a or improve a the noun is countable. Itbamboo refers tobeen single used, or destroyed : + of The remains of the to criticize a larger [C] means lost all its wealth. jilt jilt jilt jilt •ed jilt •:jilt ed •a•ed ed •/•ed /"dZIlt@d ed "dZIlt@d //"dZIlt@d "dZIlt@d //"dZIlt@d "dZIlt@d /cloth /adj adj /flight / adj /adj /aadj aadj jilted a:jilted aThe afrom jilted ajilted jilted jilted person person person person person person has has has has has been has been been been been been suddenly suddenly suddenly suddenly suddenly bamboo canes � People are living nowadays. � waiting long. bill seeks to remedy asuddenly historic injustice in situation brooch brooch brooch brooch brooch brooch ca • su • ist • ry / "k&ZuIstri / noun [ U ] longer very formal the use long-haul London to Hong Kong air astigated as a piece of colored worn around your head or neck bracelet bracelet bracelet bracelet bracelet bracelet castle can still be seen on the hill. to generalize 2 [that C ] a group of been people in society who are born and left left left left left by left byby by someone by someone by someone someone someone someone they they they they they they were were were were were were having having having having having having aa romantic aof a romantic aromantic atheir romantic romantic romantic relarelarelarelarelarelaSmoking has long linked toand lung cancer. � consisting He wanted can be counted can be either singular which blacks were right to own land. bam"boo %shoots noun a vegetable of clever arguments, especially on moral issues, to try SHORT -HAUL — opposite 1 [plural] / %k&stI"geISn / items ban •dit / "b&ndIt [ Clover ] lover alover thiefdeprived who attacks travelers, live around the same time :Their The site was[ Tpreserved assomething a re •amake / %ri"meIk / verb ] tonot make again, :with :aa:jilted :/ajilted a :noun :a jilted a jilted jilted jilted lover lover lover tionship tionship tionship tionship tionship tionship with with with with � relationship didn’t to assomeone long he could. 1with to stay make believe something that is truelast of the stems ofas young bamboo plant, used especially re • mem • ber / rI"memb@r / verb �� long • ing / "lONIN / noun [ C / U ] a strong feeling of wanting ONE ARMED BANDIT usually with other thieves monument for future generations. � People retiring today ➔ or plural. especially in a different way dealing with long. Jim Jim Jim Jim Jim Jim Crow Crow Crow Crow Crow Crow / / %dZIm %dZIm / / %dZIm %dZIm / / %dZIm %dZIm "kroU "kroU "kroU "kroU "kroU "kroU / / noun noun / / noun / noun / noun noun [ U [ U ] [ ] [ U Am U Am [ ] [ U ] U Am ] Am ] E Am E Am informal E informal E E informal E informal informal informal in in in the in the in in the the the the in Chinese cooking ca •sus bel•li than / %kAsUs "beli / noungeneration. [ C ] formal an event or : Jean ached with longing to return someone or something s of choosing 2 are wealthier previous [+of]or asongban •do •unfair lier / %b&nd@"lI@ /of noun [past CAmericans, ]Americans, aAmericans, type of 4belt worn ather than a 1 thinkofof about the give sb sth 2 much orthe later a[/Tparticular event or recauses / "ri%meIk noun [ C ] a2a. movie that uses U.S., U.S., U.S., U.S., U.S., U.S., unfair unfair unfair unfair unfair treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment treatment African of African of of African African African African Americans, Americans, Americans, especially especially especially especially especially especially situation a war bam •booearlier •that zle /•make b&m"buzl /than verb ] informal to trick � His longing for Elaine homeone andshoulder see her family again.the [ C ] 2anmedical object particular group existing at a particular time : His work over and across chest with pockets to ok before I knew her before shemade became period : long in in the in the in in the the past, the past, the past, past, past, past, by byby the by the by by the the use the use the use use of use of use laws of of laws of laws of laws laws laws that that that that that prevented that prevented prevented prevented prevented prevented them them them them them from from from from from from the same story orlong music as one before : was ainremake 2 think about facts 5them think about sb someone or make confused almost unbearable. cat /been k&t�/rediscovered noun [ C ] them �� gust a liquid into: has by a younger of artists. � hold bullets one area long after Iold was born longgeneration after my parents got famous. going going going going going going to toto the to the to to the the same the same the same same same schools schools schools schools schools schools and and and and and public and public public public public public places places places places places places as asas white as white as as white white white white of ansoft 1950’s movie 1 animal 3same not forget to do sth + PHRASES 2 1 an with fur, a long thinsat tail, WHISKERS ban / b&n verb [ T often �� Generations of schoolchildren have atand these desks., long •people ing /%bi "lONIN / adj [only before noun]"Sshowing a strong use or effect, 1passive] B and S / @n "es / or %B and %ball noun [ C ] people people people people people � /long ago I should have ended the relationship married. re•mand /or rI"m&nd / verb [ T usually passive] to tell that people keep asthat a pet formust catching mice. A or young tothe say officially people notthe do, sell, use 1 2b. older/younger generation people in legal : athe longing feeling of orparty something T ]someone have aan image in in your mind of a person, a situation in 1 1 1wanting 11 1 xiety 3 hapBachelor Spinster held Aus� long since The time for negotiations has long long jim jim jim jim •jim my •jim my ••my my •1•my my /and /"dZImi "dZImi //"dZImi "dZImi //place, "dZImi "dZImi /[ /I /verb verb // or verb /verb /toverb verb [Ball: T [ T][][TAm TAm [][T]TAm ]Am ]EAm E Am to EE toEto E break to break to to break break break break open open open open open open aa lock, alock, aalock, alock, lock, lock, someone who committed a or crime to return to court cat isago. called aparticular kitten. 1a. a has wild animal that looks like book was banned from libraries. something society at : aThe time who are school old young : look/glance for getting something that happened or was said in the rrnamong a lot (=areas a with long from towns) that tralian since passed. door, door, door, door, door, door, or orOUTBACK or window, or window, or or window, window, window, window, usually usually usually usually usually usually with with with with with away along along a along along long long narrow narrow narrow narrow narrow narrow piece piece piece piece piece piece of ofof ofof of for trial athe particular day : be remanded in custody a They bigtechnology cat, for example aon lion or TIGER : BIG CAT signed agreements banning the use of chemical New need not be preserve of the younger dgovernment much to the past : I can still remember every word of our conversation. � [U] � long •metal ing •The ly / thieves "lONINli /jimmied adv in athe way that shows you want normally lasts for ajimmied whole weekend means that the noun is uncountable. It refers to a : : The The : : The : : The thieves The thieves thieves thieves thieves jimmied jimmied jimmied jimmied the the the back the back the back back back back door door door door door and door and and and and got and got got got in. got in. got in. in. in. in. metal metal metal metal metal all day/year/week etc. long for the whole day/year/ 2 old-fashioned an insulting word for a woman who (=kept in prison until your trial) All five men were weapons. generation. � That was a beautiful I remember. � remember sat bysummer, her fire,asbands longingly something 22 22 2 bands •my /noun "b&ndzm@n /Am •piece men :officially I don’t think Iin could take care ofcounted. all week etc. likes to annoy and upset other people jim jim jim jim •jim my •jim my ••my •man •my my /that /"dZImi "dZImi /very /2"dZImi "dZImi /wonderful /"dZImi "dZImi / /much noun //sth noun /noun /noun noun [:She C [Jan C][][C Am C Am []remembers [C]C Am ]Am ]E E Am 1 E1 EE1 a E1 a(plural 1 long 1 along aseeing a long a long long long narrow narrow narrow narrow narrow narrow piece piece piece piece piece remembrance remanded custody until to can’t send a legal ring ring ring ring ring ring 3 [ C ] say a group of products that were made atchildren about the 2 to that someone is not allowed toa. doIt or quality that cannot beWednesday. him leave an hour ago. �1177 doing summer. s oneabout group aa substance edge "b&ndzm@n /)............................................................................................................. noun [C ]to someone plays an instru/recalling day long. of ofof metal of metal of of metal metal metal metal that that that that that that is isis used is used is is used used used used to to break to break to to break break break break aawho lock alock aalock alock lock lock or oror force or force or or force force force force open open open open open open aa aaaa case back to aimprovement lower court with instructions about what be the cat’s pajamas/meow Am E informal to be better same time, intended as an on those that : ban sb from doing sth She was banned from something + (that) Iremember remember that Ihas was really nervous on my first The usually eddivided. knowledge long •window ish /or "lONIS /door adj fairly long :many She’s tall, with longish BRASS BAND ment in aor military smells reminiscent of childhood have to2 that itvery been underfunded used before the conditions that as/so long as the asaying or aan. 22or one 2 one 2 2 one one one of one ofof many of many of of many many many very very very very very small small small small small small pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces pieces of ofof ofof offor over 20 window window window window window or door or door or or door door door should be done than follow everyone else : aarticle new generation of cellphones came before them athletics for two years after failing drug test. day at school. � clearly / vividly / distinctly remember I eple, testoften has black hair.or years. else : a style reminiscent of a H 2 happen :used My parents will make something else or be true chocolate chocolate chocolate chocolate chocolate chocolate or or other or other or or other other other other candy candy candy candy candy candy that that that that that are that are are are put are put are put put on put on put on top on top on on top top of top of top of of of of ICE ICE ICE ICE CREAM CREAM ICE ICE CREAM CREAM CREAM CREAM band • stand / "b&nd%st&nd / noun [ C ] a building without 2 (has the) cat got your tongue? spoken when 4 [ U ] the process of producing something : cheap elecre • mand / rI"m&nd / noun [ U ] legal the period of time ban /care b&nwhat / noun [ C ] �� an official statement ordering jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry vividly remember the day we first met. � vaguely / dimly 1 1 1 1 1 1 literary full of thoughts of th 3 [ T ] to do something that you promised to do, or that don’t I work at as long as I’m happy. %Long "Island an island in the state of New York that walls in park, used for musical performances someone does not speak you them to jin jin jin jin •gle •jin gle jin ••gle gle ••gle gle /a/"dZINgl "dZINgl //"dZINgl "dZINgl //"dZINgl "dZINgl / / verb / verb / verb / verb / verb [ verb I [ ] I ] [ to [ I to ] I [ ] [ I to ] I make to ] make to to make make make make a a sound a sound a a sound a sound sound sound like like like like like small like small small small small small tricity generation — genaccused •erwhen •a•tion •al expect adj:waits generational difthat an person for their trial : young men : the beef export people not to do, sell, or use something (=not very clearly) He canabout only dimly remember breaks easily. r typical : She photographs with a reminiscent hope she you have to do, and not forget it : I remember [always negatives or questions] used forsomething saying or be long includes part York City let the cat out of bag someone metal metal metal metal metal objects objects objects objects objects hitting hitting hitting hitting hitting hitting each each each each each each other other other other other : remember :Christmas Christmas : :Christmas :Christmas Christmas Christmas bells bells bells bells bells bells were were were were were band •metal wag •objects onof /New "b&nd%w&g@n /other noun [:C usually singular] ferences on remand for drug-related offenses a. [only before noun] jew jew jew jew jew •jew el •el ry •on el •ry •el •el •ry ry /•/"dZu@lri •ry ry "dZu@lri //"dZu@lri "dZu@lri /in /"dZu@lri "dZu@lri /the /noun noun //noun /noun /noun noun [U [ U]to [][U �� U �� [][Utell ]U �� ]�� ]�� objects �� objects objects objects objects objects that that that that that you that you you you you wear you wear wear wear wear wear � +••el There will be a total on smoking. � impose ban his grandparents. � rightly /were correctly We last d poured into asking whether you will haveban wait a long time for remembers my book she comes (=remembers that was intended to be secret :to He has let the cat out of re•miss / rI"mIs / adj [never be lon •jingling gi •tude /outside. "lAndZI%tud [ Cwhen /things Uthings ]if the distance east jingling jingling jingling jingling jingling outside. outside. outside. outside. outside. a.a. a. [a. T [a. T]a. [][Tin to T[]to [/T]TNovember, to ]noun shake to ] shake to to shake shake shake shake things things things things to to make to make to to make make make make this this this this this this to bring an idea or activity, especially in politics orto business, as as as decoration. as decoration. as as decoration. decoration. decoration. decoration. Types Types Types Types Types Types of of of jewelry of jewelry of of jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry are are are are rings, are are rings, rings, rings, rings, rings, which which which which which which you you you you you you gene"ration %gap, the noun the difference in opinions relating to someone who is on remand or to the process a ban (=start it) They agreed to impose an immediate ban saw them I remember rightly. hole, without someone or something to be ready, arrive, or happen : it with her). � remember to fashionable, do sth He never the bag about the government’s true intentions. doing what you need to do : It w MERIDIAN imaginary line remembered to or west of Greenwich : :She She : :She She :the :jingled She jingled She jingled jingled jingled jingled her her her car her car her car car keys. car keys. car keys. keys. keys. keys. (=an sound sound sound sound sound sound suddenly becomes very popular or wear wear wear wear wear wear on on on your on your on your your your your finger, finger, finger, finger, finger, finger, bracelets, bracelets, bracelets, bracelets, bracelets, bracelets, which which which which which which you you you you you wear you wear wear wear wear wear on onon on on onthat or behavior between older and younger people which being on remand �on lift aof ban (=end it) The ban is unlikely to be on sales. 2 [ I her /the T ] to bring a he fact back into yoursomind that you was generally Will you be on long, or would you like meinformal to wait? unable � I’m just 22 22 22people lock door when out. definite, and to like athis cat aand hot tin roof Am E you. in England, from the top of the Earth to : His recent that of want be involved in it 1 your your your your your your wrist, wrist, wrist, wrist, wrist, wrist, and and and and necklaces, and necklaces, necklaces, necklaces, necklaces, necklaces, which which which which which which you you you you you wear you wear wear wear wear wear around around around around around around jin jin jin jin •gle •jin gle jin •a•give gle gle •lot •gle gle / / "dZINgl "dZINgl / / "dZINgl "dZINgl / / "dZINgl "dZINgl / / noun / noun / noun / noun / noun noun [C [to C][:][C C 1 []1 [C]Cthe ]1 a]1 a1 short 1 ashort abottom) awent short ashort short short phrase, phrase, phrase, phrase, phrase, phrase, usually usually usually usually usually usually � I can’t often causes problems between them lifted year. knew before re • mark / rI"mArk / noun [ C ] �� a few words that You took a cab home, remember? un-down gen�or Dinner won’t be long going to the store –jewelry I jewelry won’t be long. 4that [that Tstart ] is to give someone money or a adverpresent : She was n alibi. � cast- [C/U] stay still or concentrate because you are very nervous measured incould degrees and minutes. Latitude is the can be either countable uncountable. The poll victory an bandwagon your your your your your your neck neck neck neck :neck :wear wear :"X :wear :wear wear jewelry jewelry jewelry jewelry My My My mother My mother My mother mother mother mother doesn’t doesn’t doesn’t doesn’t doesn’t doesn’t wear wear wear wear wear wear much much much much much much re•mis•sion / rI"mISn / noun [ with with with with with with music, music, music, music, music, that that that is that is easy is easy is is easy easy easy easy to toultra-nationalist to remember, to remember, to to remember, remember, remember, remember, used used used used used used for for for for adverfor adveradveradveradvernoun the people born in the 1960s and ba •nal / neck b@"nAl /:wear adj something that is banal is boring the facts orMy your opinion about something remember her name at the moment. : COMMENT :music, As � +for (that) She suddenly now. pleased they had remembered her birthday. e to deal with %Generation or worried distance north or south of the equator. �something jump onon / climb on /radio join the bandwagon Every rolling. jewelry. jewelry. jewelry. jewelry. jewelry. jewelry. COSTUME COSTUME COSTUME COSTUME COSTUME COSTUME JEWELRY JEWELRY JEWELRY JEWELRY JEWELRY JEWELRY when an illness or disease bec 22 2 the 2 the 2to 2 the the sound the sound the sound sound sound sound tising tising tising tising tising tising something something something something something on on the on the on on the the radio the radio the radio radio radio or or or television or television or or television television television television ➔ ➔sb/sth ➔ ➔ ➔ ➔ 1970s, who are sometimes seen as no strong because it contains nothing new, original, or unusual the chairman said hishaving introductory remarks, the growth remembered that she was supposed meet him after work. : Government more frequent alternative is in given first. used for expressing your support for: long live 5 [ T ] to think about someone with respect, honor, or from the Macmillan English Dictionary business was to jump on the bandwagon. lon •that gi •tu •small di •trying nal / %lAndZI"tudn@l /‘‘dot-com’’ adj technical 1 relatthat that that that small that small small small small metal metal metal metal metal objects objects objects objects objects make make make make make make when when when when when they they they they they they hit hit hit hit each each hit hit each each each each other other other other other other sion Her sister’s cancer is in rem Jew Jew Jew Jew Jew Jew •ess •ess •values •ess ess ••ess ess /observations /"dZu@s "dZu@s /someone /"dZu@s "dZu@s //"dZu@s "dZu@s / / noun /noun /company /noun /noun noun noun [something C [the C][][Coffensive C[]offensive [C]has Coffensive ]offensive ] offensive offensive an an an an old-fashioned an old-fashioned an old-fashioned old-fashioned old-fashioned old-fashioned moral his banal on game � another banal TV is over. � genof the been phenomenal. � a sexist / racist �metal +objects when /feelings where /when how etc. Try to remember where you put or loyalty to or : Please remember him as he recovers positive ing to the way something develops during a period of which someone is allowed no •give width /the "b&nd%wIdT /informal noun [keep Cto /call U ]call 1 computing the word word word word word word for for for for aa for for Jewish Jewish aJewish a"Y Jewish aremark Jewish Jewish woman. woman. woman. woman. woman. woman. This This This This This word word word word word isis now is now now is now now considered now considered considered considered considered •a nal •any i•noun ty /longer b@"n&l@ti /remark noun [word CNicholas /in Usomething ]isis sitcom — ba give give give give give sb sb sb a sb asb sb jingle a jingle aajingle ajingle jingle jingle Am Am Am Am EAm E Am informal E informal EE informal E informal to call to to to call someone call someone someone someone someone on on on the the on on the the the the is generally keys. �the make aThis isconsidered well known band for making 2a. [informal T ]operation. toto acall particular fact in your mind %Generation people born the 1980s and no longer/not used when hapfrom his recent �someone She will beon remembered with :telephone a longitudinal study of hundred children time amount that canone betosent each second Scholarship students will rece offensive. offensive. offensive. offensive. offensive. offensive. telephone telephone telephone telephone telephone field. 1990s outrageous because it ismany relevant what is being discussed : + (that) + about / on Ellen herof information ba •nan •a was / b@"nAn@ [ C / U ]but �� ais long curved : later He regretted pened or true /innoun theremarks. past not true nowfruit affection by people in the town. 2jin going an from the top to the bottom of something : the through Internet connection. If a[ U has abelief high tuition fees. 3 mainly Br E th Jew Jew Jew Jew Jew •er ish •aish ••yellow •ish •••ish /tive ish /"dZuIS "dZuIS //"dZuIS "dZuIS //skin "dZuIS / /adj adj /adj �� /bunch �� adj adj �� someone someone someone someone someone someone who who who who who is who is Jewish is is Jewish is Jewish is Jewish Jewish Jewish was was was was was ils : She spoke remarks about private affairs. The transportation system in very bad shape, but you ://aadj ofhis bananas — picture 10 with jin jin jin •go •jin go jin ••go go ••ism •go ism go ••ism ism ••ism ism / /"dZINgoU%Iz@m "dZINgoU%Iz@m //"dZINgoU%Iz@m "dZINgoU%Iz@m /3remembered /"dZINgoU%Iz@m "dZINgoU%Iz@m / / noun /noun / /noun /noun noun noun [system U][][UU the [is ]the [U ]U]the ]the the belief the belief belief belief belief that that that that that that no longer plays in an orchestra. ➔ Cwas gen •Jew aish /"dZuIS "dZen@%reItIv; "dZen(@)r@tIv / adj technical to be famous for be as sb/for (doing) sth relating to or measured in longitude longitudinal axis bandwidth, it is called a broadband connection. sentence because the prisoner born born born born born born in inin the in the in in the the Jewish the Jewish the Jewish Jewish Jewish Jewish culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, and and and may and may may may may may practice practice practice practice practice practice Judaism Judaism Judaism Judaism Judaism Judaism gle parent. other other other other other other countries countries countries countries countries countries are are are are not are not are not not as not as not as good as good as as good good good good as asas your as your as as your your your your own own own own own own and and and and and that and that that that that that used for saying goodbye so long informal capable of producing something ba%nana re"public noun [ Cand ] and an insulting word for a : They will be remembered for their a particular reason — lon • gi • tu • di • nal • ly adv 2 informal the ability to deal with work, problems, etc. : ood Systems 06-08-2004 15:45:36 a. a. a. relating a. relating a. relating relating relating relating to to to to Jews, Jews, to to Jews, Jews, Jews, Jews, their their their their their their culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, culture, or or or or their their or or their their their their religion religion religion religion religion religion : : : : : : re •mit1 / rI"mIt; "ri%mIt / verb [ T 3a. — — jin — jin — — jin — • jin go• gojin jin • • gogo• • gogoyour your your your your your government government government government government government should should should should should should never never never never never never trust trust trust trust trust trust them them them them them them CONSIDERED as having a weak tropical country that is long / law lON /�law noun [ U usually in negatives or questions] � a %generative "grammar noun [Jew C / U ] linguistics a type dedication thedeal charity. �things She’dunderwear rather be remembered as I’m out of bandwidth (=I can’t withwarm anymore). johns / "lON %dZAnz /to noun [plural] Jewish Jewish Jewish Jewish Jewish Jewish law law law � law Jewish Jewish ��Jewish �Jewish �English Jewish Jewish festivals festivals festivals festivals festivals festivals — —Jew — — — Jew — Jew Jew •Jew ish •ish ••ish •ish •ness ••ish ness ish ••ness ness ••ness ness noun noun noun noun noun noun [U [ U]�[][Uof U [][U]U] ] long to someone, for example as p the Macmillan Dictionary • tic • tic • • tic tic / • %dZINgoU"IstIk / • tic %dZINgoU"IstIk tic / / %dZINgoU"IstIk %dZINgoU"IstIk / / %dZINgoU"IstIk %dZINgoU"IstIk / / adj adj / / adj adj / / adj adj is is is is is is g of all the fromeconomy, a dishonest or cruel government, and public : It didn’t take long to get there. It long period of time 1 grammar based on a set of rules that can be used to an than words a model. with especially by men in theespecially past ban •jinn dy ///"b&ndi /[actress verb tothat argue, vices 2 legal to send a case b Jew Jew Jew Jew Jew Jew •ry •ry •long •ry ry /•all /•ry "dZUri ry "dZUri //before "dZUri "dZUri //"dZUri "dZUri /sentences /not noun //realized noun /noun /work noun noun [U [ U][][Uliterary U [literary ][U]Uliterary ]literary ]made literary literary all all all the all all the the Jewish the Jewish the Jewish Jewish Jewish Jewish people people people people people people services that do jinn jinn jinn jinn jinn / /long dZIn dZIn //dZIn dZIn dZIn /legs, dZIn /noun noun // noun /noun /worn noun noun C [ C][][Can C[an ][Cbandy ]Can ]an evil ] evil an an evil evil evil spirit evil spirit spirit spirit spirit spirit that that that that can that can can can look can look look look look look like like like like like alike a aasomeone aa a. before wasn’t Inoun I’d aall mistake. produce the possible in athe language remember me to sb formal acan request to to when this is aan waste ofand time to be dealt with there "long %jump, the noun aand sports event in which each in in in the in the in in the the world the world the world world world world or or or in or in or or in ain ain particular in aparticular aa particular a particular particular particular city city city city city or city oror country or country or or country country country country human human human human human human or or or an or an or or an animal animal an an animal animal animal animal and and and that and that that that that uses that uses uses uses uses uses its its its its special special its its special special special special powers powers powers powers powers powers k of a doctor soon : She joined the company in 1995, and before long long ba • nan • as / b@"nAn@z / adj informal silly or crazy mention you tothan aphrasal person have not seen for a long gen•er•a•tor / "dZen@%reIt@r / noun [ C ] � a machine that %bandy person tries to jump farther the other a"round or %bandy a"bout vbyou [ T ] people to mention re •mit2 / rI"mIt / noun [singular Jez Jez Jez Jez Jez • Jez e • e • • bel • e bel e • • • e • bel e bel • • bel / bel / "dZez@%bel "dZez@%bel / / "dZez@%bel "dZez@%bel / / "dZez@%bel "dZez@%bel / / noun noun / / noun / noun / noun noun [singular] [singular] [singular] [singular] [singular] [singular] old-fashioned old-fashioned old-fashioned old-fashioned old-fashioned old-fashioned offenoffenoffenoffenoffenoffento to to influence to influence to to influence influence influence influence people people people people people people cal problems, b. for long for a she was promoted to sales manager. time as a greeting produces electricity Selwood Systems 13:11:21 go bananas informal to become very angry or excited something a /lot, usually without thinking much about 11 11 11 09-04-2003 area of work that someone is %long-"lasting adj continuing for aaaforce long time :that longsive sive sive sive sive sive a a woman awoman aa woman a woman woman woman who who who who is who sexually is is sexually is sexually is sexually sexually sexually immoral immoral immoral immoral immoral immoral pe of medical Many :isHave you been married for long? �I long period ofwho time jinx jinx jinx jinx jinx jinx / / dZINks dZINks / / dZINks dZINks / / dZINks dZINks / noun noun / / noun / noun / noun noun informal informal informal informal informal informal [singular] [singular] [singular] [singular] [singular] [singular] a force a force a force a force force that that that that that brings brings brings brings brings brings verbs and adjectives are followed by a resaying •mem /the rI"membr@ns / noun ge •ner•ic /%dZeI dZ@"nerIk //[ C/1 adj ba%nana noun ]11 a�sweet food that consists of a : •What Ibrance don’twere want people bandying my1 [ U ] a way of you are � prospects for a longlasting damage/harm here a doctor haven’t them for long. re•mit•tance / rI"mItns / noun JFK JFK JFK JFK JFK / /%dZeI %dZeI //known %dZeI %dZeI /"split /relating %dZeI ef efICE ef "keI ef "keI ef ef "keI "keI /to "keI /"keI 1 /1 an /1an an an international international an an international international international international airport airport airport airport airport airport in inin New in New in in New New New Newwhat There : :There There : :There There bad bad bad bad bad luck bad luck luck luck luck luck that that that that that stays that stays stays stays stays stays with with with with with with someone someone someone someone someone someone or or something or something or or something something something something respect for or someone who: :There has died or for an formal or, cream, appropriate for a range or class 1JFK BANANA with CREAM sauce, and nuts about in�showing public. ajinx long-lasting relationship lasting peace? has a general preposition. The dictionary tells you which prepositions for goods or services that yo York York York York York York City City City City City City 2 2 2 an 2 an 22 an informal an informal an an informal informal informal informal name name name name for for for for U.S. for U.S. for U.S. U.S. U.S. president U.S. president president president president president John John John John John Johnname a.a.a. [a. C [a. Ca. ][]/[Csomeone Cprayer []someone [C]Csomeone ] someone ] someone someone or oror or or orof rememseems seems seems seems seems seems to toto be to be to to be be aabe be jinx a aa jinx ajinx jinx on jinx onon on that on that on that that that that family. family. family. family. family. family. the long and the short ofname itname used for saying that you 1 2 : a wreath / garden important event of similar things : generic software, suitable for use with band / b&nd / noun [ C ] �� ban • dy / "b&ndi / adj bandy legs are curved, so that the %long-"life adj Br E long-life products have been espe2 [ U ] the process of sending F. F. F. Kennedy, F. Kennedy, F. F. Kennedy, Kennedy, Kennedy, Kennedy, Jr. Jr. Jr. Jr. Jr. Jr. something something something something something something that that that that that causes that causes causes causes causes causes bad bad bad bad bad luck bad luck luck luck luck luck will in tellthe someone a generic longway: and complicated very brance � in remembrance of A service was held in rememterm / word / namestory ‘‘Hoover’’ both Macs and PCs � to use following :BOWED so that they last longer than knees do 22 2designed 2 22 not touch cially or mail or who is in the long and the short of it is quickly simply jib jib jib jib /1jib /dZIb jib dZIb //dZIb dZIb /used /dZIb /and dZIb /noun noun //noun /noun /noun noun [aC [ Cgeneric ][][C1 C[1 ]:[C]CWell, 1 a]1 a ]1 small 1 asmall aa small a small small small sail sail sail with sail sail with with with with with three three three three three three sides, sides, sides, sides, sides, sides, near near near near near near jinx jinx jinx jinx jinx jinx / /dZINks dZINks //dZINks dZINks //dZINks dZINks / /brance verb /verb / verb /verb /treated verb verb [ T[ of T][][Tinformal Tthose [informal ][T]Tinformal ]informal ] informal informal to todied to cause to cause to to cause cause cause cause bad bad bad bad bad luck bad luck luck luck luck luck for for for group of musicians 4sail narrow circular object who in the war. 2for [for Cfor / U ] formal a is often as term for all vacuum cleaners. : long-life batteries the normal bane / beIn /something noun [singular] something the the the front the front the front front front front of of a of adrug of boat of aboat aaboat aboat boat boat 22last 2 the 2 the 22 the the long the long the long long long arm arm arm arm arm of arm of of aof aof CRANE of aCRANE aa CRANE aCRANE CRANE CRANE used used used used used used in in inin in that they got divorced year. re•mix / "ri%mIks / noun [ C ] a someone someone someone someone someone someone or ortypes or or something or or something something something something 2the group ofofsame type 5long line of color/light/rain : + of Her eyes glowed memory of a person or an that eventannoys 2 a generic or other product does not have a in 4building : someone very much or causes them aor lot of for problems building building building building long-lived //dZINkst lON"lIvd //adj adj living oror lasting athat long produced by combining part ry people in long / lON / verbis [sold I ] � without to want6asomething very much : jinxed jinxed jinxed jinxed jinxed jinxed / / dZINkst dZINkst / / dZINkst dZINkst / dZINkst / / adj / adj / / adj someone adj someone adj someone someone someone someone or or or something or something something something something something that that that that that is is is is is is with the remembrance of things past. TRADEMARK and company’s name on it 3building range of values/levels ring you wear on finger 11 11 11 bane ofhas Noisy species and disobedient children are the bane of :jinxed a has long-lived �bad long-lived technology — opposite time music with new sounds — re•m sidered to be jibe jibe jibe jibe jibe dZaIb //dZaIb dZaIb //dZaIb dZaIb / /anoun /noun /GENUS noun /noun / noun noun [outside, C [ C— ][][CaCge [a ][C]Ccomment a]comment aand comment acomment comment comment that that that that isisis intended is intended is is intended intended intended intended to toto toto tothe +jibe for It/ /dZaIb was freezing longed for a/ adv hot jinxed jinxed jinxed jinxed jinxed has has a has has aRe"membrance lot alot aa lot a lot of of lot lot of bad of bad of of bad bad bad luck luck luck luck luck luck %Day 3 relating to •a]ner •i•Marcia cal•that ly /that dZ@"nerIkli noun [ C / U ] the Sunday nearest SHORT-LIVED r group : The annoy annoy annoy annoy annoy annoy or or offend or offend or or offend offend offend offend someone someone someone someone someone someone �or This was the excitement that she had secretly drink. rem•nant / "remn@nt / noun jit jit jit • jit ter • ter jit jit • • ter ter • • ter bug • ter bug • • bug bug • • bug bug / / "dZIt@r%bVg "dZIt@r%bVg / / "dZIt@r%bVg "dZIt@r%bVg / / "dZIt@r%bVg "dZIt@r%bVg / / noun noun / / noun noun / / noun noun [singular] [singular] [singular] [singular] [singular] [singular] a a very very a a very a very a very very fast fast fast fast dance fast dance fast dance dance dance dance November 11th in the U.K. and Canada when the gen •2er • os • i • ty / %dZen@"rAs@ti / noun [ U ] kindness, espe2 22for. 22 � long (for sb) to do sth I was tired and was "long-%lost adj ain long-lost person, especially ahands relative, longed remaining part of something jibe jibe jibe jibe jibe jibe / /in dZaIb dZaIb //dZaIb dZaIb //dZaIb dZaIb / / verb /verb / things verb /verb / verb verb [ I[]I ][ [I1]I1 [to ][I ]I1 Am ]1 Am 11 Am Am EAm E Am if EE if:Eif two E if two ifif two two two things two things things things things things jibe, jibe, jibe, jibe, jibe, jibe, they they they they they they of ofof the of the of of the the 1940s the 1940s the 1940s 1940s 1940s 1940s in in which in which in in which which which two two two two two partners two partners partners partners partners partners hold hold hold hold hold hold hands hands hands hands hands and and and and and do and dodo do do do Wars I cially giving people He was known for his country honors the people who died in World which someone you have not seen for a long time : She � information She longed to22 see again. longing for her to similar leave. 1 a generallast remnants of the famous ca agree agree agree agree agree agree or or or contain or contain or or contain contain contain contain similar similar similar similar similar information information information information information 2 to 2 to 2him 2 to say to say to to say say say somesay somesomesomesomesome- is many many many many many many different different different different different different steps steps steps steps steps steps generosity to his colleagues. and II greeted him like a long-lost brother. a. a long-lost thing a. long for sb literary want toor be with someone you ate for most night’s meal were still on the t thing thing thing thing thing thing that that that that that is that is intended is is intended is intended is intended intended intended to to/to annoy to annoy to to annoy annoy annoy annoy or or offend or offend or or offend offend offend offend someone someone someone someone someone someone jit jit jit •jit ters •ters jit jit ••ters ters ••ters ters / / "dZIt@rz "dZIt@rz / / "dZIt@rz "dZIt@rz / / "dZIt@rz "dZIt@rz / / noun noun / / noun / noun / noun noun [plural] [plural] [plural] [plural] [plural] [plural] informal informal informal informal informal informal a[a anervous a�� a nervous a nervous nervous nervous upset upset upset upset upset upset gen • er • ous / "dZen(@)r@s adj �� re • mind / rI"maInd / verb Tnervous ] something that has been lost for a long time : the longlove, especially when is not likely to(=part happen 2 not limited cloth left after the rest has be jiji1 •ca •jiji ca •ji •ca ji •ca •ma ••ca ma ca ••ma ma ••ma /ma /"hik@m@ "hik@m@ //"hik@m@ "hik@m@ //"hik@m@ "hik@m@ / /noun noun //this noun /noun /noun noun [C [your C /[U /[CU C []/[C]/U a CU a /time ]/U TUBER ]U a TUBER ]a]TUBER aTUBER aTUBER TUBER (=part (=part (=part (=part (=part like like like like a like like asoon root) root) aaroot) ais root) aroot) root) is feeling feeling feeling feeling feeling feeling caused caused caused caused caused caused by by not by not by by not not knowing not knowing not knowing knowing knowing knowing what what what what what what will will will will will happen will happen happen happen happen happen giving people more of or money than 1by to lost healing skills of tell our someone ancestors again about an event from the past y would come long-a •white wait •inside ed /inside %lON @"weIt@d /especially a long-awaited Selwood Systems 13:19:25 re•mod•el / %ri"mAdl / verb [ T ] that that that that that is that is is is white is white is white white white inside inside inside and and and and and is and is is is eaten is eaten is eaten eaten eaten especially especially especially especially especially in inin salads in salads in in salads salads salads salads09-22-2003 :inside Merton iseaten clearly aadj warm and generous usual or expected : I can’t think of or about aadj fact that they used tosometimes know jit jit jit •jit ter •ter jit jit ••ter ter ••ter y •ter y ••/yy / "dZIt@ri ••"dZIt@ri y / y / "dZIt@ri "dZIt@ri / / "dZIt@ri "dZIt@ri / / adj adj / / adj / adj / feeling adj feeling feeling feeling feeling feeling nervous, nervous, nervous, nervous, nervous, nervous, and and and and and sometimes and sometimes sometimes sometimes sometimes %long-playing "record noun [ C ] an LP :quickly The longevent has been expected for a long time or appearance of something : a jif jif jif •jif fy •fy jif jif ••fy fy /•/"dZIfi •fy fy "dZIfi //"dZIfi "dZIfi //"dZIfi "dZIfi / /noun noun //+noun /noun /to noun noun in in in ain ain jiffy in a jiffy awas a jiffy a jiffy jiffy spoken jiffy spoken spoken spoken spoken spoken very very very very very very quickly quickly quickly quickly quickly or oror very or very or or very very very very human being. � Billy very generous to people who his name –still can you remind me? being being being being being being unable unable unable unable unable unable to toto keep to keep to to keep keep keep keep still still still still because still because because because because because of ofof this of this of of this this this this� remind sb of / about sth awaited decision on funding due today. the skills or "long-%range adj 1noun continuing orabout looking farplans into for thethe building? � 11 11 11 soon soon soon soon soon soon re•mold / %ri"moUld / verb [ T ] had less than he did. � + withisLawyers have been generous Can you your jive jive jive jive jive jive / / dZaIv dZaIv / / dZaIv dZaIv / / dZaIv dZaIv / / noun / noun / / noun / noun noun 1 11 [remind 1 C [C 1]1 [][Ca C[]a[C ]Cdance a ] dance a ] us adance adance dance dance to toto fast to fast to to fast fast fast music fast music music music music music that that that that that that 1 1 1 1 1 1 : a long-range prediction / and plan /1940s forecast The longlong //noun "lON%boUt /][C1 C ]traditional a traditional long low boat, used structure of something such a with their time and � of sbdance (todance do sth) remind sb that She reminded me that we had in fact met jig jig jig jig jig jig /•/boat dZIg dZIg //dZIg dZIg //dZIg /dZIg / noun / /noun /noun noun noun [C [ C]talents. [][CC[1 ]Cnoun ]1 a ]1 a11 fast aa fast a[fast agenerous fast fast fast traditional traditional traditional traditional dance dance dance dance that that that that that that future became became became became became became popular popular popular popular popular popular in inin the in the in in the the 1930s the 1930s the 1930s 1930s 1930s 1930s and and and and 1940s and 1940s 1940s 1940s 1940s in inin which in which in in which which which which aaman aman aa man a man man man ry officers of especially the past for traveling on the ocean weather before, forecastatpredicts an unusually cold winter. That’s very generous of you. 1a.steps a steps generous present isfor ahands conference in Washington. involves involves involves involves involves involves aain lot alot aa lot a lot of of lot lot of small of small of of small small small small jumping jumping jumping jumping jumping jumping steps steps steps steps 1a. 1a. 1a. 1a. 1a. the 1a. the the the music the music the music music music music for for for for for range re•mon•strance / rI"mAnstr@ and and and and and and aa woman aa woman awoman awoman woman woman hold hold hold hold hold hold hands hands hands hands hands and and and and and and the the the the the man the man man man man man swings swings swings swings swings swings the the the the the the OFFICER (=an 2 long-range weapons, aircraft, etc. are able to travel long •jig bow "lON%boU /equipment noun [ Cthat ]isthat athat weapon for shooting : in The larger or expensive than usual or expected 2 1a. to help to remember something aajig ajig aa a jig jig jig 22 2 a2 amore 2 piece 2 apiece a/a piece a piece piece piece of ofof equipment of equipment of of equipment equipment equipment that that holds that holds holds holds holds holds something something something something something something inin ain ain in aaaa woman strong protest, complaint, or c 1a. 1a. 1a. 1a. [1a. U [ U][][Umusic U [someone music ][U]Umusic ]music ] music music that that that that that people that people people people people people can can can can can dance can dance dance dance dance dance aa aaaathat they woman woman woman woman woman around around around around around around long distances 2a. a sth long distance : to bring her ARROWS made from a long curved piece of wood and aatool expressed thanks to everyone for their generous :effective remind sbover to do Remind Jenny to do fixed fixed fixed fixed fixed fixed position position position position position position so soEnglish so that so that so so that that that that you you you you you can you can can can can work can work work work work work on onon on it it on on with itit with itwith it with with with a a tool atool aatool tool tool over fromcommittee the Macmillan Dictionary 2to 2to2 [2 U [U 2]2 []have [UAm U [Am ][U]UAm ]Am ]EAm E Am old-fashioned Eold-fashioned E Eold-fashioned Eold-fashioned old-fashioned old-fashioned something something something something something something someone someone someone someone someone someone jive jive jive jive jive jive to toto to re•mon•strate / "rem@n%streI long-range radar t sells a wide string, used for fightinggift and hunting in theaction past takes donations. �a generous 1b. a generous laptop when she comes. � remind sb about sth Can you such such such such such such as as as aas aas as aaa a DRILL DRILL DRILL DRILL DRILL DRILL 33 3 [3 U [U 3]3 [][UaU[a ][U]Ustyle a]style a] astyle astyle style style of ofof ofof of says says says says says says that that that that that that you you you you you do you dodo do not not do do not not not believe not believe believe believe believe believe isisis true is true is is true true true true with, complain to, or criticize 22 22time mmunities %long-"running adj having continued for a 1940s long :which a tomorrow? � generous more effort is usual or expected remind me my dentist’s appointment %long-"distance large distances :make A longsinging singing singing singing singing singing that that that that that developed that developed developed developed developed developed in inabout in the in the in in the the 1930s the 1930s the 1930s 1930s 1930s 1930s and and and and and 1940s and 1940s 1940s 1940s 1940s in intime in which in which in in which which which jig jig jig jig jig jig / /dZIg dZIg /2/2dZIg dZIg //dZIg /dZIg /or verb verb //verb /verb /verb verb 11adj 1 [1 I[than ]I1� ]1 [to [Ito ]I[]covering [Ito dance ]Ito dance ]to to dance dance dance dance aajig ajig aa jig a jig 2jig 2jig 2 [2 I[]I2 ]2 [to [Ito ]I[][Ito make ]I:to make ]ato to make make make small small small small small small re•morse / rI"mOrs / noun [ U ] � one of the longest-running long-running dispute/conflict gesture remind sb what / when / where / how etc. I need the notes hich most or distance bus collided with a truck, causing several fatalfast fast fast fast fast movements fast movements movements movements movements movements with with with with with with your your your your your your whole whole whole whole whole whole body, body, body, body, body, body, usually usually usually usually usually usually in inin in aain in aaaa words words words words words words are are are are sung are sung are sung sung sung sung in inin ain ain humorous in ahumorous aa humorous a humorous humorous humorous way way way way way way feeling about something tha plays on Broadway 2 kind, and helpful : Thank you fora.your gento remind me what to say. 2a. that reminds me spoken country stop � afriendly, long-distance runner / swimmer a longities. show / feel / express remorse ( erous comments. used /when just said done something rs to provide distance phone call is one you make to someone far long•ship / "lON%SIp noun someone [ C ] a longhas narrow ship or used any remorse for her crime. 3 a generous amount isadv larger than is usual or neceshelps you to remember something : That reminds away in the past by that VIKINGS — %long-"distance re•morse•ful / rI"mOrsfl / adj a generousnoun helping salad � a generous court sary :di"vision me. I must take the /chicken the freezer. long•shore•man / "lON%SOrm@n (plural out longof•shore •men %long [ U ] inofmathematics, a calculation having done something wrong settlement � There areone generous to another groups of ten rating enough forjob saying spoken used in which you divide large discounts number by / "lON%SOrm@n /) don’t noun remind [ C ] Am Eme someone whose is tothat you do not re•morse•less / rI"mOrsl@s / a or more. — gen•er•ous•ly adv: They gave generously to f the money in want to think about something unpleasant that has Selwood Selwood Selwood Selwood Selwood Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems Systems 06-08-2004 06-08-2004 06-08-2004 06-08-2004 06-08-2004 16:29:23 16:29:23 16:29:23 16:29:23 16:29:23 16:29:23 stopping or continuing to get w local charities. � ‘‘I’ll take the kids,’’Selwood Nicky offered gen- 06-08-2004 ocal lotteries. happened or is going to happen : ‘‘When are you going less financial pressure 2 not erously. r factory will back to work?’’ ‘‘Oh, don’t remind me.’’ having done something wrong gen•e•sis / "dZen@sIs / noun formal the genesis of sth the may/can I remind you. . . or let me/I must remind — re•morse•less•ly adv s or opinions beginning, birth, or origin of something you. . . used for warning someone or bringing something n generated a re•mort•gage / %ri"mOrgIdZ / to their attention, especially something that they "gene %therapy noun [ U ] a medical treatment in which Selwood Systems 06-08-2004 16:37:14 generated by money to pay for a house or already know : + that Can I remind everyone that we have genes are put into cells in the body in order to cure payment arrangements of a strict non-smoking policy here. some types of illness e, etc., it pro— compare REFINANCE remind sb of sb/sth 1 to make someone remember ge•net•ic / dZ@"netIk / adj �� relating to genes and the re•mote1 / rI"moUt / adj �� something that happened in the past : That song always : Doctors believe the condition is caused by study of them tricity is genreminds me of our vacation in Mexico. 2 to be very a genetic defect. — ge•net•i•cal•ly / dZ@"netIkli / adv 1 distant in space/time similar to someone or something else : She was tall and ge•net•i•cal•ly mod•i•fied / dZ@%netIkli "mAdI%faId / 2 unlikely dark, and reminded me of my cousin Sarah. � It’s a strange adj a genetically modified substance or crop has had its 3 unfriendly e of a similar taste – it reminds me of melons. genetic structure changed in order to make it more ge : My mother 1 far away from other cities, t re • mind • er / rI"maInd@r / noun [ C usually singular] �� suited to a particular purpose o university. � My grandparents were from a r 1 something that reminds you of something that hapge%netic "code noun [ C ] the arrangement of genes that an immigrant We felt very remote and lonely pened in the past : + of His presence was a constant usually pass makes an individual develop in a particular way 1a. far away in distance o reminder of what she had lost. � serve / act as a reminder imagined being able to visit such The cold served as a reminder that winter wasn’t quite away in the past or future : Th finished. so remote I can hardly even ima 2 a letter or note that reminds you of something that 2 not likely to happen : You ha Effective Reading Teacher’s File 12 you need to do or need to remember : If an installment is of winning the lottery. � The p a reminder to paid, a reminder is issued. � This is This page has been downloadednot from www.macmillanenglish.com. ©just Macmillan Publishers Limitedbut 2009. remote, be careful. od Systems 09-04-2003 12:18:34 let you know that Stefan’s arriving on Saturday. 3 not showing any friendly rem•i•nisce / %remI"nIs / verb [ I ] to talk, think, or write ALOOF about enjoyable experiences in your past : + about We

Dictionary work

Countable and uncountable nouns

Verb patterns

R

JJJJJJ

BLOOMSBURY

L

Prepositions

Exercise 12 The underlined words and phrases have grammatical errors. Correct the errors, then check your answers in the dictionary. a. We can get a lot of informations at the Internet.

b. Please put out your cigarette. I object of people smoke in my house.

c. I expect for getting paid on time. Getting my monies lately makes me to crazy. d. I don’t enjoy go for holiday as much as I used to.

e. You can’t prevent him to buy jewelleries for his girlfriend.

f. I’m very fond in giving advices that I don’t bother for following myself.

Answer key Exercise 12: a. information, on the Internet b. object to people smoking c. expect to get, money, late, makes me crazy d. enjoy going, on holiday e. prevent him from buying, jewellery f. fond of, advice, bother following

Dictionary work


Checking what you know Exercise 13 1. Write down three English words that you know and use. _______________ _______________ _______________

2. Look up each word and notice: a. how many meanings it has b. if it is a red word c. how the word is used in the example(s) d. the pronunciation and stress e. anything else that you did not know before 3. Have you learned anything new about these words and how to use them? __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________

Exercise 14 1. Write down three English words from one of the reading texts in the course book whose meaning you are uncertain of. _______________ _______________ _______________

2. Look up each word and notice: a. if it is a frequent word b. how many meanings it has c. which meaning is the most frequent d. which is the meaning used in the reading text e. the pronunciation and stress f. common collocations of the word and/or grammar information 3. Do you feel ready to use these words? __________________________________________________

13

Effective Reading

Teacher’s File


Extensive reading Effective practice for Effective skills Extensive reading is the practice of reading large amounts of material in the target language that is easy enough to understand without the use of a dictionary. Another key principle of extensive reading is that students read for enjoyment. Research has shown that extensive reading is not only crucial for developing reading proficiency, but also helpful in developing a wide range of language skills, and a growing number of scholars claim that extensive reading is a crucial element in language programmes. Studies in second language learning have shown that students engaging in extensive reading can improve reading comprehension and reading speed more efficiently than students doing intensive reading (reading challenging texts with explicit focus on new vocabulary and grammar structures). Extensive reading provides exposure to large amounts of comprehensible text, which enables students to build up a large sight-word vocabulary (words which the reader can recognize and understand automatically and effortlessly). This is essential for reading speed and fluent comprehension. Extensive reading also allows students to develop the fundamental reading skill of ‘chunking’: taking in groups of words rather than the poor reading habit of reading word by word. Traditional intensive reading practices are good for introducing new vocabulary and grammar to students, but do little to develop these fundamental reading skills. Extensive reading goes beyond just improving reading skills, however. Extensive reading

14

Effective Reading

can play a very important role in vocabulary building as it gives repeated exposure to vocabulary in many different contexts, allowing students to retain the words and deepen their understanding of how the vocabulary is actually used by native speakers. A number of studies have shown remarkable progress in writing skills stemming from extensive reading alone. (In some cases, students who engaged in extensive reading made even more progress in writing skills than comparison students who actually practiced writing.) There is evidence that extensive reading also has a substantial impact on speaking, listening and grammar development. Through the single language practice of extensive reading, students are developing nearly every important language skill in a non-stressful, enjoyable way. To start extensive reading, students need access to materials that are easy enough to read and enjoy without depending on a dictionary. Graded Readers are ideal for this purpose. Graded Readers are fiction and non-fiction books written specifically for second language learners at all levels. (See the short stories at the end of Effective Reading Books 1–4 for examples of graded reader material). Graded Readers come in all genres, and students are therefore likely to find materials which match their interest as well as their level. If you are interested in finding out more about the benefits of extensive reading and how to incorporate it into your language programme, please visit the Macmillan English website: www.macmillanenglish.com/readers/UGRIC.html

Teacher’s File


Dictionary Work and Extensive Reading Practise

Dictionary Work and Extensive Reading Practise

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