Accepted Manuscript Research papers Dynamics of Suspended Sediment Concentration, Flow Discharge and Sediment Particle Size Interdependency to Identify Sediment Source Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi, Vijay P. Singh PII: DOI: Reference:
S0022-1694(17)30597-8 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.09.006 HYDROL 22226
To appear in:
Journal of Hydrology
Received Date: Revised Date: Accepted Date:
30 July 2017 3 September 2017 4 September 2017
Please cite this article as: Sadeghi, S.H., Singh, V.P., Dynamics of Suspended Sediment Concentration, Flow Discharge and Sediment Particle Size Interdependency to Identify Sediment Source, Journal of Hydrology (2017), doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2017.09.006
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Dynamics of Suspended Sediment Concentration, Flow
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Discharge and Sediment Particle Size Interdependency
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to Identify Sediment Source
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Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi1* and Vijay P. Singh2
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Corresponding Author, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of
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Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor 46417-76489, Iran.
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E-mail:
[email protected], Tel. (Fax) 0098 1144999123
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Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil,
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Engineering, Texas A and M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2117, USA,
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E-mail:
[email protected]
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Abstract
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Spatiotemporal behavior of sediment yield is a key for proper watershed management. This
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study analyzed statistical characteristics and trends of suspended sediment concentration
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(SCS), flow discharge (FD) and sediment particle sizes using data from 24 gage stations
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scattered throughout the United States. Analysis showed significant time- and location-
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specific differences of these variables. The median values of SSC, FD and percentage of
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particle sizes smaller than 63 microns (P63) for all 24 gage stations were found to be 510.236
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mg l-1 (right skewed), 45.406 m3 s-1 (left skewed) and 78.648 % (right skewed), respectively.
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Most of the stations exhibited significant trends (P= 15 m in height or having storage >= 6.167*106 m3
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Table 2 Results of trend analyses for the entire available data for daily SSC (mg l-1), FD (m3 s-1) and P63 (%) at significance level of 0.05 of study variables for selected station in USA for assessing sediment contribution No.
Station Code
1
01335770
2
05427948
3
05325000
4
05465500
5
05474000
6
07010000
7
07020500
8
07022000
9
06329500
10
06441500
11
06452000
12
12340500
Variable Observations Daily SSC 12290 Daily Flow 12422 P63 NA Daily SSC 4170 Daily Flow 4170 P63 32 Daily SSC 3623 Daily Flow 3623 P63 129 Daily SSC 1897 Daily Flow 1897 P63 1897 Daily SSC 3116 Daily Flow 3116 P63 3116 Daily SSC 1153 Daily Flow 1153 P63 1153 Daily SSC 145 Daily Flow 145 P63 145 Daily SSC 601 Daily Flow 601 P63 601 Daily SSC 787 Daily Flow 787 P63 787 Daily SSC 871 Daily Flow 871 P63 871 Daily SSC 900 Daily Flow 900 P63 900 Daily SSC 2034 Daily Flow 2034 P63 2034
Missing data 0 0 NA 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1616 0 0 2801 0 0 1082 0 0 127 0 0 191 0 3 407 0 0 537 0 0 449 0 12 1851
Minimum 3.90 0.03 NA 1.00 0.01 68.00 0.50 2.18 0.00 4.00 19.26 2.00 2.00 1.22 19.00 23.00 1319.71 46.00 26.00 2067.36 49.00 24.00 1416.00 6.00 10.00 32.85 14.00 0.00 0.00 40.00 14.00 0.20 10.00 1.00 19.37 20.00
Maximum 140000.00 22.94 NA 15400.00 16.03 100.00 11400.00 2361.89 99.00 3810.00 4502.88 100.00 14200.00 1246.08 100.00 92300.00 21608.16 99.00 1500.00 21240.00 92.00 2318.00 22712.64 99.00 15500.00 2945.28 100.00 113000.00 461.62 100.00 82000.00 934.56 100.00 1060.00 747.65 99.00
Mean 577.04 0.34 NA 349.50 1.13 94.84 231.64 251.91 77.88 226.42 402.15 82.80 340.23 165.67 91.99 443.43 6103.08 78.65 306.01 7782.16 71.67 325.59 7421.83 75.31 633.98 445.20 80.13 11312.92 39.16 95.70 13845.70 55.85 95.70 30.53 124.71 75.93
Standard deviation 2854.09 0.81 NA 891.24 1.85 8.22 280.00 305.59 15.75 335.92 377.26 20.46 662.16 224.50 12.88 3841.30 3640.21 13.69 296.57 5003.37 13.44 303.34 4453.50 18.20 1240.42 396.87 16.18 17516.55 77.49 9.43 15611.46 106.30 9.71 56.65 108.54 18.35
Coefficient of Kendall's p-value variations (%) tau (Two-tailed) 494.61 -0.011 0.072 238.53 -0.088 < 0.0001 NA NA NA 255.01 -0.310 < 0.0001 164.46 0.048 < 0.0001 8.66 -0.067 0.620 120.88 0.078 < 0.0001 121.31 0.161 < 0.0001 20.22 -0.032 0.599 148.36 0.000 0.989 93.81 0.019 0.214 24.71 -0.112 0.006 194.62 -0.111 < 0.0001 135.51 -0.113 < 0.0001 14.01 -0.124 0.002 866.27 -0.051 0.009 59.65 0.141 < 0.0001 17.41 -0.221 0.007 96.92 -0.173 0.002 64.29 -0.119 0.035 18.76 -0.027 0.909 93.17 -0.089 0.001 60.01 0.110 < 0.0001 24.17 0.184 < 0.0001 195.66 -0.105 < 0.0001 89.14 0.012 0.601 20.19 0.072 0.037 154.84 -0.262 < 0.0001 197.87 -0.111 < 0.0001 9.85 -0.108 0.006 112.75 -0.287 < 0.0001 190.34 -0.142 < 0.0001 10.14 -0.127 < 0.0001 185.54 -0.148 < 0.0001 87.03 -0.111 < 0.0001 24.16 -0.398 < 0.0001
Trend H0HaHaHa+ H0Ha+ Ha+ H0H0+ H0+ HaHaHaHaHaHa+ HaHaHaH0HaHa+ Ha+ HaH0+ Ha+ HaHaHaHaHaHaHaHaHa-
Notes: H0: There is no significant trend in the series, Ha: There is a significant trend in the series (i.e., - shows a decreasing and + shows an increasing trend), as the computed p-value is lower than the significance level of alpha=0.05, one should reject the null hypothesis H0, and accept the alternative hypothesis Ha. The risk to reject the null hypothesis H0 while it is true is lower than 0.01%.
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Continued Table 2 Results of trend analyses for the entire available data for daily SSC (mg l-1), FD (m3 s-1) and P63 (%) at significance level of 0.05 of study variables for selected station in USA for assessing sediment contribution No.
Station Code
13
12334550
14
012324200
15
08313000
16
08334000
17
08330000
18
08353000
19
08354900
20
08358400
21
11447650
22
11303500
23
50028000
24
16226200
Variable Observations Daily SSC 2116 Daily Flow 2116 P63 2116 Daily SSC 1584 Daily Flow 1584 P63 1584 Daily SSC 3210 Daily Flow 3210 P63 3210 Daily SSC 1040 Daily Flow 1040 P63 1040 Daily SSC 2833 Daily Flow 2833 P63 2833 Daily SSC 3820 Daily Flow 3820 P63 3820 Daily SSC 2817 Daily Flow 2817 P63 2817 Daily SSC 2761 Daily Flow 2761 P63 2761 Daily SSC 1195 Daily Flow 1195 P63 1195 Daily SSC 4346 Daily Flow 4346 P63 4346 Daily SSC 1781 Daily Flow 1781 P63 1781 Daily SSC 1221 Daily Flow 1221 P63 1221
Missing data 0 6 1893 0 0 1446 3 0 2662 0 311 787 0 0 2111 8 3 3214 1 5 2045 0 0 1977 0 3 599 0 0 3267 0 0 1574 1 0 1074
Minimum 1.00 8.04 27.00 1.00 0.62 40.00 14.00 5.55 1.00 58.00 0.00 5.00 9.00 0.21 0.00 6.00 0.00 30.00 5.00 0.00 1.00 18.00 0.00 2.00 2.00 0.00 26.00 4.00 1.59 3.00 1.00 0.22 1.00 0.50 0.00 27.00
Maximum 1370.00 328.51 98.00 2250.00 55.51 99.00 163000.00 325.68 100.00 495000.00 29.74 100.00 81000.00 227.69 100.00 384000.00 198.24 100.00 400000.00 219.20 100.00 135000.00 178.70 100.00 635.00 2888.64 100.00 990.00 1183.78 100.00 310000.00 56.64 100.00 11000.00 11.30 100.00
Mean 37.87 51.65 72.57 37.11 8.16 70.25 1651.23 33.16 49.59 41726.89 1.65 83.96 1792.40 26.62 58.47 53752.40 7.92 92.64 6715.24 21.48 75.74 6070.13 18.38 78.61 60.41 733.99 85.95 87.59 119.74 79.66 2152.18 3.89 70.01 646.18 1.97 80.92
Standard deviation 70.75 40.20 12.96 98.45 4.77 13.26 6352.08 26.59 29.21 48340.40 2.97 13.95 4970.80 26.95 29.68 49649.35 17.33 9.94 22925.65 27.70 25.59 14400.44 25.28 21.40 81.76 582.60 13.16 59.89 155.43 14.56 9117.15 7.04 24.27 1239.31 1.97 14.34
Coefficient of Kendall's p-value variations (%) tau (Two-tailed) 186.83 -0.018 0.232 77.84 -0.074 < 0.0001 17.86 0.070 0.124 265.29 -0.042 0.014 58.47 -0.019 0.268 18.87 -0.086 0.138 384.69 0.023 0.056 80.18 -0.010 0.391 58.91 -0.166 < 0.0001 115.85 -0.356 < 0.0001 179.43 -0.004 0.882 16.61 0.010 0.821 277.33 -0.055 < 0.0001 101.26 -0.039 0.002 50.76 0.019 0.445 92.37 -0.279 < 0.0001 218.79 0.156 < 0.0001 10.73 0.302 < 0.0001 341.40 -0.101 < 0.0001 128.94 0.048 < 0.0001 33.79 -0.173 < 0.0001 237.24 -0.008 0.547 137.58 -0.071 < 0.0001 27.22 -0.042 0.080 135.34 -0.201 < 0.0001 79.20 -0.097 < 0.0001 15.31 0.121 < 0.0001 68.38 -0.227 < 0.0001 129.81 -0.039 < 0.0001 18.28 -0.237 < 0.0001 423.62 -0.149 < 0.0001 181.08 -0.087 < 0.0001 34.66 0.309 < 0.0001 191.79 -0.028 0.138 100.24 0.082 < 0.0001 17.72 -0.120 0.034
Trend H0HaH0+ HaH0H0H0+ H0HaHaH0H0+ HaHaH0+ HaHa+ Ha+ HaHa+ HaH0HaH0HaHaHa+ HaHaHaHaHaHa+ H0Ha+ Ha-
Notes: H0: There is no significant trend in the series, Ha: There is a significant trend in the series (i.e., - shows a decreasing and + shows an increasing trend), as the computed p-value is lower than the significance level of alpha=0.05, one should reject the null hypothesis H0, and accept the alternative hypothesis Ha. The risk to reject the null hypothesis H0 while it is true is lower than 0.01%.
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Table 3 Concordant controllability among suspended sediment concentration (SSC), flow discharge (FD) and percentage of sediment particle smaller than 63 micron (P63) in study stations, USA Stations 1 Variables SSC, FD and P63 SSC and FD FD and P63 SSC and P63
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3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Key Points: Runoff, and amount and particle size of suspended sediment were analyzed in USA. The trend of flow discharge and sediment were analyzed for 24 gaging stations. • The contribution variability of wash load as main source of sediment was assessed. • The effective factors and relationships among study variables were discussed. • •
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