Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina.
FINCyT
innovación•ciencia •tecnología
Proyecto especial CHAVIMOCHIC
Institut de Recherche Hydrogéodynamique du pour le Développement
Bassin Amazonien.
DYNAMICS OF THE SUSPENDED SEDIMENT TRANSPORT PRODUCTION ON THE SANTA RIVER, PERU (19772010)
Morera, Sergio1; Condom, T2; Crave, A3; Vauchel, P4; JL, Guyot5. & Lizares, G6. 1 University
National Agraria La Molina. 2 IRD - UMR - HydroSciences Montpellier, France. 3 Geosciences Rennes, Centre National of Research Scientific France.
4 IRD-LMTG.
Box 18-1209. Lima 18, Peru. CP 7091, Lake Sul, 71619-970 Brasilia, DF, Brazil 6 Special project CHAVIMOCHIC. 5 IRD-
How Transfer Fluvial System Santa works? Solid and liquid discharge The HyBAm project has been making efforts to expand knowledge in events that occur on the Andean, Guyot et al., 1996 quantified the sediment yield in the eastern Andes of Bolivia with an average of 3 200 t km‐2 yr‐1.
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Figure: Pepin et al., 2011.
2
RESEARCH AREA AND SETTING
< 15%, Plane; >40% Wavy.
15 - 45%, Steep.
> 45%, Extremely steep
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DATA AND ANALYSIS Sampling
Santa Station 19022010 Condorcerro station 09032010
b. Data analysis 100
Availability percentage
a.
6.35 27.93
24.96
72.07
75.04
Tablachaca
Santa
75 Gaps 50
93.65 Avaible
25 0 Condorcerro
4
Annual discharge variation from study stations (20022009)
Annual balance from average daily discharge 6
Annual discharge (km3)
5
Condorcerro = Tablachaca + Santa Santa Tablachaca
4 3 2 1 0
5
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENSO EVENTS AND DISCHARGE VARIABILITY
5.8
6
6.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
5.3 4.5
5
4.3
4.0
4 3.5 3
4.7 4.94.5 4.2 4.0
4.6
4.4 3.5
3.2
2.9
2.5
4.5 4.0
3.9
4.9
3.2 2.7
2.4
2.1
2
NIÑO
2009-2010
2007-2008
2005-2006
2003-2004
2001-2002
1999-2000
1997-1998
1995-1996
1993-1994
1991-1992
1989-1990
1987-1988
1985-1986
1983-1984
1981-1982
0
1979-1980
1 1977-1978
Annual discharge km3/year
7
NIÑA
www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov 6
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT FLOW CALCULATION Methodology 1 (direct calculation) a.
Qs = MES×Q . . . . . . . . . . . (M1 y M4).
Methodology 2 (annual adjustment)
Methodology 3 (Prediction)
• (Qs=aQb).
• (Qs=cQd).
Condorcerro Station
100
1000000 100000 10000
Suspended sediment load (t/s)
y = 0.0010x3.2200 y = 0.2906x2.2826 y = 0.0021x3.1165 y = 0.0123x2.8114 y = 0.0004x3.4657 y = 0.0007x3.3029 y = 0.0031x3.0472 y = 0.0043x2.9396
10000000
Suspended sediment load (t/d)
Sediment flux against Water discharge at Condorcerro station
y = 0.0241x2.5942 y = 0.0117x2.6891 y = 0.0068x2.7636
1000 100
y = 0.000000057x2.91 R² = 0.898 10 Caudales mayores a 70 m3/s Caudales menores 70 m3/s
1
0.1
y = 0.000018x1.54 R² = 0.328
0.01
0.001 10
10 10
100
1000
100
1000
water discharge (m3/s)
Average daily discharge (m3/s)
7
QSolid = c * QLiquid d
8
QSolid = c * QLiquid d
Un tendance NASH %V 0.8290 21.8037
Two tendance NASH %V 0.8902 8.3773
Condorcerro
Qsolid
Nº days 07/2007 ‐ 02/2009 584
Tablachaca
Qsolid
03/2008 ‐ 02/2009
335
0.5021 ‐14.0593
0.0244 ‐35.9649
Santa
Qsolid
03/2007 ‐ 11/2007
261
0.5084
0.7627 22.6957
Station
Periode
45.9061
Three tendance NASH %V 0.7692
4.0291
9
Annual sediment flux and water discharge at Condorcerro station Sedemend Flux (Millons of tonnes)
40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0
Method 1
Method 2
Method 3
900 2000‐01
Daily discharge m3/s
2001‐02 2002‐03 2003‐04
600
2004‐05 2005‐06 2006‐07 2007‐08
300
2008‐09
0
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr May
Jun
Jul
Aug
10
Interannual spatial variability of sediment production?
11
EROSION RATE DISTRIBUTION What controls sediment supply to rivers in uplands catchments?
SOURCES Lithology
Suspended sediment samples (20082009) 12
SEDIMENT SOURCES ? SLOPE
Basin -Station
Whole
0 - 4.9º 5 - 9.9º 10 - 19.9º 20 - 29.9º 30 - 39.9º 40 - 49.9º 50 - 59.9º 60 - 74.9º 75 - 88.9º
Area 1213.0
638.9
1655.3
1681.1
1231.5
426.1
96.7
113.6
115.7
7172.0
Santa
%
16.9
8.9
23.1
23.4
17.2
5.9
1.3
1.6
1.6
100
Area
321.9
253.1
976.3
840.0
545.3
166.6
23.5
4.1
0.4
3131.2
%
10.3
8.1
31.2
26.8
17.4
5.3
0.7
0.1
Tablachaca
0.01 100
Analysis of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) NDVI Low powerful High powerful No powerful erosion erosion
Basin -Station Area Condorcero % Area Santa % Area Tablachaca %
TOTAL
5,141.54
3,687.87
1,536.48
10,365.88
49.60
35.58
14.82
100.00
3,557.51
2,588.61
1,017.90
7,164.02
49.66
36.13
14.21
100.00
1,604.76
1,084.00
498.60
3,187.36
50.35
34.01
15.64
100.00
What else
???? 13
How much sediment is transported from the Andes? Mean annual Sediment Yield (t km-2 yr-1
3000 Grande-Abapo 2500
Tablachaca 2000 1500
Santa 1000 500
In Magdalena 0 100
1000
10000
Catchment area Atlantic Andes
Pacific Andes
100000
1000000
(km2) Catchments study
Suspended sediment producction at Coordillera Andean (Restrepo et al., 2006; Pepin et al., 2011; Laraque et al. 2004 & J.L. Guyot et al., 1996).
Station
Periode
Condorcerro 2000‐2009
Suspended Range Annual mean Sediment Catchment sediment elevation discharge Yield (t.km‐ 2 Area (km ) concentration 2 (m) (km3/yr) .yr‐1) (g/l) 9969
479 ‐ 6867
4.21
1,469.4
1,517.4
Santa
2002‐2009
6815
507 ‐ 6867
3.32
557.3
778.6
Talachaca
2002‐2009
3132
524 ‐ 4950
0.88
3,182.2
2,204.2
14
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