Effect of hamstring injuries on kicking in soccer using ... - UPCommons

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Effect of hamstring injuries on kicking in soccer using inverse dynamics Premio SIBB 2013 $1$9$1'$510*8/,125$1721,21(1$9$5521 Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. Technical University of Madrid 2 Biomedical Engineering Department. Politecnico di Torino

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Resumen Las lesiones musculares del muslo tienen una gran incidencia en el fútbol. El objetivo del estudio ha sido desarrollar un nuevo procedimiento para evaluar el efecto de las lesiones de isquiotibiales en los golpeos con el pie s en el fútbol utilizando los principios de la dinámica inversa. El trabajo se ha centrado en la evaluación de la diferencia entre sujetos que habían sufrido la lesión en los últimos 5 años y los que no. Se analizaron 17 jugadores de fútbol profesionales realizando cinco tiros con el empeine y cinco con el interior del pie. Los movimientos se registraron mediante una plataforma de fuerza y un sistema de captura de movimiento Vicon funcionando a 500Hz. Los participantes también tomaron parte en una prueba de isocinético en la que se midió el torque isocinético en 60 º/s y 120 žV6HREVHUYDURQGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQL¿FDWLYDVHQORVSDUiPHWURVFLQHPiWLFRV\FLQpWLFRVHQWUHORVGRV JUXSRVOHVLRQDGRV\QROHVLRQDGRV HQODIDVHSRVWHULRUGHOJROSHR\HQHOLQVWDQWHGHPi[LPDÀH[LyQ GHFDGHUD1RVHHQFRQWUDURQGLIHUHQFLDVVLJQL¿FDWLYDVHQWUHORVGRVJUXSRVHQODSUXHEDLVRFLQpWLFD tradicional. Estos resultados indican que el procedimiento empleado probablemente podría ser muy útil en la evaluación del efecto de las lesiones de isquiotibiales en el fútbol. Palabras clave: Biomecánica, chut, lesiones de isquiotibiales, cinética, cinemática.

Abstract The hamstring strain is one of the most common injuries in soccer. The aim of the study was to describe a new procedure to evaluate the effect of hamstring injuries in kicking in soccer using the principles of inverse dynamics and to compare the results with an isokinetic test. The study focused on evaluating the difference between subjects having a history of hamstring injuries in the last 5 years DQGWKRVHWKDWGLGQRW6HYHQWHHQPDOHSURIHVVLRQDOVRFFHUSOD\HUVSHUIRUPHG¿YHLQVWHSDQGVLGH foot kicks which were analysed using a force platform and a Vicon motion-capture system operating at 500Hz. The participants also took part in an isokinetic torque measurement at 60 °/s and 120 °/s. Kinematic variables, ground reaction forces and kinetic variables were compared across the two JURXSV6LJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHVZHUHREVHUYHGEHWZHHQWKHSUHYLRXVO\LQMXUHGDQGXQLQMXUHGJURXS LQWKHWLPHWDNHQIRUWKHIROORZWKURXJKLQWKHLQVWHSNLFNDQGWKHPD[LPXPKLSÀH[LRQPRPHQWLQ WKHLQVWHSDQGVLGHIRRWNLFNV1RVLJQL¿FDQWGLIIHUHQFHVZHUHIRXQGEHWZHHQWKHWZRJURXSVLQWKH traditional isokinetic test. These results indicate that the procedure employed could probably be very useful in the assessment of the effect of hamstring injuries in soccer. Keywords: Biomechanics, kicking, hamstring injuries, kinetics, kinematics.

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Hip Angle (º)

Knee Angle (º)

Ball Velocity (m/s)

T2

T3

T4

T2

T3

T4

Injured

29.66 ± 0.28

-20.35 ± 0.65

17.97 ± 6.23

74.08 ± 5.16

59.43 ± 17.25

41.27 ± 17.82

25.32 ± 22.06

Un-injured

28.93 ± 2.12

-20.55 ± 7.55

10.81 ± 9.24

69.81 ± 12.67

59.75 ± 17.57

39.16 ± 19.71

26.72 ± 29.08

Total

29.10 ± 1.87

-20.50 ± 6.55

12.50 ± 9.01

70.87 ± 11.26

59.68 ± 16.95

39.66 ± 18.75

26.37 ± 26.79

Significance

0.09

0.33

0.06

0.36

0.45

0.41

0.40

Abs(r)

0.33

0.11

0.38

0.09

0.03

0.05

0.06

Ball Velocity (m/s)

T2

T3

T4

T2

T3

T4

Injured

29.66 ± 0.28

0.02 ± 0.09

-2.48 ± 2.37

0.18 ± 0.17

11.13 ± 5.41

-23.99 ± 9.02

4.75 ± 6.73

Un-injured

28.93 ± 2.12

0.02 ± 0.09

-2.55 ± 2.35

0.53 ± 1.56

8.11 ± 5.61

-27.12 ± 6.09

3.51 ± 3.83

Total

29.10 ± 1.87

0.02 ± 0.09

-2.53 ± 2.28

0.46 ± 1.39

8.82 ± 5.55

-26.39 ± 6.71

3.76 ± 4.27

Significance

0.09

0.45

0.45

0.24

0.21

0.18

0.50

Abs(r)

0.33

0.03

0.03

0.18

0.19

0.22

0.00

Hip Angular Velocity (º/s)

Knee Angular Velocity (º/s)

Table 1..LQHPDWLFYDULDEOHVIRUWKHLQVWHSNLFN

Hip Angle (º)

Knee Angle (º)

Ball Velocity (m/s)

T2

T3

T4

T2

T3

T4

Injured

26.32 ± 1.60

-17.15 ± 2.97

22.49 ± 5.54

67.39 ± 11.10

53.40 ± 21.00

38.72 ± 25.05

30.15 ± 43.40

Un-injured

25.74 ± 1.07

-18.01 ± 6.68

18.73 ± 11.03

63.12 ± 15.86

53.31 ± 20.06

41.36 ± 19.93

19.96 ± 26.05

Total

25.88 ± 1.18

-17.81 ± 5.94

19.61 ± 9.98

64.13 ± 14.67

53.33 ± 19.61

40.74 ± 20.42

22.50 ± 29.92

Significance

0.21

0.50

0.18

0.33

0.41

0.37

0.36

Abs(r)

0.19

0.00

0.22

0.11

0.05

0.08

0.09

Hip Angular Velocity (º/s)

Knee Angular Velocity (º/s)

Ball Velocity (m/s)

T2

T3

T2

T3

T2

T3

Injured

26.32 ± 1.60

0.04 ± 0.04

-2.28 ± 1.85

0.04 ± 0.04

-2.28 ± 1.85

0.04 ± 0.04

-2.28 ± 1.85

Un-injured

25.74 ± 1.07

0.00 ± 0.07

-2.47 ± 1.74

0.00 ± 0.07

-2.47 ± 1.74

0.00 ± 0.07

-2.47 ± 1.74

Total

25.88 ± 1.18

0.01 ± 0.06

-2.43 ± 1.71

0.01 ± 0.06

-2.43 ± 1.71

0.01 ± 0.06

-2.43 ± 1.71

Significance

0.21

0.11

0.45

0.11

0.45

0.11

0.45

Abs(r)

0.19

0.30

0.03

0.30

0.03

0.30

0.03

Table 2..LQHPDWLFYDULDEOHVIRUWKHVLGHIRRWNLFN



Figure 3.9DULDWLRQRIKLSDQGNQHHÀH[LRQDQJOHRYHUWLPHGXULQJDQLQVWHSNLFN

Figure 4.9DULDWLRQRIKLSDQGNQHHÀH[LRQDQJXODUYHORFLW\RYHUWLPHGXULQJDQLQVWHSNLFN



Kinetics 7KH NLQHWLF SDWWHUQV RI WKH NLFNV ZHUH IRXQG WREHVLPLODUDFURVVERWKWKHLQMXUHGDQGWKHXQ LQMXUHGJURXSVIRUERWKW\SHVRINLFNV7KHKLSDQG

NQHHÀH[LRQH[WHQVLRQPRPHQWVGXULQJWKHVRFFHU NLFN DUH VKRZQ LQ )LJXUHV  DQG  UHVSHFWLYHO\ 7KH YDOXHV RI WKH GLIIHUHQW NLQHWLF YDULDEOHV DUH VKRZQLQWKH7DEOHVDQG

Backswing (%)

Leg Acceleration (%)

Follow through (%)

Injured

23.30 ± 1.12 (0.10s)

28.44 ± 1.83 (0.12s)

40.60 ± 6.67 (0.18s)

Un-injured

25.40 ± 4.76 (0.12s)

28.95 ± 3.21 (0.13s)

32.17 ± 5.99 (0.15s)

Total

24.90 ± 4.25 (0.11s)

28.83 ± 2.90 (0.13s)

34.28 ± 7.03 (0.16s)

Significance

0.04

0.37

0.02

Abs(r)

0.41

0.08

0.50

Table 3.1RUPDOL]HGWHPSRUDOYDULDEOHVIRUWKHLQVWHSNLFN

Backswing (%)

Leg Acceleration (%)

Follow through (%)

Injured

22.62 ± 4.36 (0.10s)

31.05 ± 4.03 (0.13s)

39.41 ± 3.57 (0.17s)

Un-injured

24.40 “ 6.73 (0.10s)

33.07 “ 5.12 (0.14s)

35.84 “ 5.89 (0.15s)

Total

23.98 “ 6.17 (0.10s)

32.59 “ 4.85 (0.14s)

36.68 “ 5.55 (0.16s)

Significance

0.13

0.25

0.11

Abs(r)

0.27

0.16

0.30

Table 4.1RUPDOL]HGWHPSRUDOYDULDEOHVIRUWKHVLGHIRRWNLFN

Figure 5.9DULDWLRQRILQVWHSKLSH[WHQVLRQÀH[LRQPRPHQWRYHUWLPH



Figure 6.9DULDWLRQRILQVWHSNQHHÀH[LRQH[WHQVLRQPRPHQWRYHUWLPH

Moments at Hip (Nm/kg)

Moments at Knee: Kicking (Nm/kg)

Peak flexion moment

T3

Peak extension moment

Peak extension moment

T3

Peak Flexion moment

Injured

-3.03 “ 0.13

0.70 “ 0.49

2.28 “ 0.66

-0.82 “ 0.14

0.68 “ 0.10

0.92 “ 0.10

Un-injured

-2.51 “ 0.36

0.87 “ 0.37

2.09 “ 0.60

-0.84 “ 0.14

0.73 “ 0.19

1.04 “ 0.14

Total

-2.63 “ 0.39

0.83 “ 0.39

2.13 “ 0.59

-0.84 “ 0.14

0.72 “ 0.17

1.01 “ 0.14

Significance

0.01

0.21

0.37

0.45

0.37

0.04

Abs(r)

0.60

0.19

0.08

0.03

0.08

0.41

Table 5..LQHWLFYDULDEOHVGXULQJWKHLQVWHSNLFN

Moments at Hip (Nm/kg)

Moments at Knee: Kicking (Nm/kg)

Peak flexion moment

T3

Peak extension moment

Peak extension moment

T3

Peak Flexion moment

Injured

-2.84 “ 0.23

1.15 “ 0.16

1.48 “ 0.24

-0.80 “ 0.03

0.61 “ 0.12

0.80 “ 0.16

Un-injured

-2.48 “ 0.32

1.15 “ 0.43

1.42 “ 0.46

-0.79 “ 0.17

0.64 “ 0.17

0.77 “ 0.21

Total

-2.57 “ 0.33

1.15 “ 0.38

1.44 “ 0.41

-0.79 “ 0.14

0.63 “ 0.16

0.78 “ 0.20

Significance

0.03

0.41

0.39

0.45

0.25

0.45

Abs(r)

0.44

0.05

0.07

0.03

0.16

0.03

Table 6..LQHWLFYDULDEOHVGXULQJWKHVLGHIRRWNLFN



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Instep Kick (N/kg)

Side-foot Kick (N/kg)

X

Y

Z

X

Y

Z

Injured

-11.08 “ 4.54

4.18 “ 12.25

33.26 “ 7.99

-7.81 “ 6.93

0.40 “ 9.78

29.64 “ 8.69

Un-injured

-8.20 “ 3.68

4.08 “ 9.47

29.13 “ 2.94

-5.78 “ 3.64

2.68 “ 7.81

26.03 “ 3.20

Total

-8.88 “ 3.95

4.11 “ 9.77

30.10 “ 4.66

-6.26 “ 4.44

2.14 “ 8.04

26.88 “ 4.93

Significance

0.13

0.37

0.29

0.33

0.29

0.41

Abs(r)

0.27

0.08

0.14

0.11

0.14

0.05

Table 7.*URXQGUHDFWLRQIRUFHVGXULQJWKHLQVWHSDQGVLGHIRRWNLFNV

Ratio at 60º/s

Ratio at 120º/s

Injured

0.77 “ 0.04

0.83 “ 0.05

Un-injured

0.80 “ 0.11

0.88 “ 0.13

Total

0.79 “ 0.10

0.87 “ 0.12

Significance

0.30

0.30

Abs(r)

0.21

0.21

Table 8.7UDGLWLRQDO+4LVRNLQHWLFUDWLRVLQWKHNLFNLQJOLPE



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References 1.

2.

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