enhanced stable election protocol using clustering and comparison of ...

Proceedings of International Conference on Networking and Computer Application July 15-16, 2015, ISBN:9788193137314

ENHANCED STABLE ELECTION PROTOCOL USING CLUSTERING AND COMPARISON OF VARIOUS CLUSTERING PROTOCOLS IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK (WSN) Mrs.PriyaSuri, Dept of C.S.E B.C.E.T, Gurdaspur.

Mr.Sunil Kumar Gupta Associate Professor B.C.E.T,Gurdaspur.

Batteries are used as the power source for the sensor node but with the fact that batteries consists of limited storage energy and to recharge or to replace that batteries are very costly as well as not possible. So efficient energy utilisation is the main goal to increase the lifetime of thenetwork.

ABSTRACT This paper proposes anew technique for selecting the Cluster Head (CH).The nodes will be able tobecome Cluster Head if and only if it contains maximum energy among all the nodes. Thestrategy divides thenodes in a uniform manner so as to efficiently utilise the energy of the network as well as to increase the network lifetime.SEP protocol is considered to be its base protocol. Also, some advantages and disadvantages of the WSN are taken into account. Basic parameters are discussed which is used to evaluate the performance of the network. The proposed strategy is implemented and designed in MATLAB. Then, the proposed algorithm is compared with SEP and LEACH protocol with respect to time, delay and throughput and is shown with the help of graphs.

1.1 Advantages of Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)

INTRODUCTION

Wireless communication technology is continued togrow in diverse area to provide batter and new opportunities in network as well as in services. One among them is wireless sensor network. A wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of small devices called as “SensorNodes “which are deployed over the area to monitor environment or system.

Sensing Unit: Used tocollect data from the surroundings.

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Computing Units: Used to process the collected and then store that data.

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Wireless Communication Units: This unit is responsible for transmission of data.

Low installation cost.

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Since, the WSN consists of tiny sensor node that can be extended over a large area.

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Failure in one node cannot affect the network.

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Node can be able to configure them.

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Low battery power.

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Low bandwidth.

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Error prone transmission.

Since efficientenergy utilisation and increase of network lifetime is the main goal of a Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) so a number of protocolshave been proposed till date likeSEP, LEACH, and E-LEACH etc.

A Sensor node may consist of the following three units: 

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1.2 Disadvantages of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN)

KEYWORDS– SEP, LEACH, Clustering, Cluster Head, WSN, Network efficiency. 1.

Mr.RajeevBedi Assistant Professor B.C.E.T, Gurdaspur.

2.

RELATED WORK

Clustering is a technique known forefficient energy utilisation.One of the protocol used for clustering is LEACH. LEACH is a hierarchical protocol where the data is first aggregated and compressed and then ,that compressed data is send to the base station called as”Sink”where the transmission of data from nodes to the cluster head takes place.LEACH protocols takes place in two phases i.e. Setup Phase and Steady State Phase. A probability function is calculated for the

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Proceedings of International Conference on Networking and Computer Application July 15-16, 2015, ISBN:9788193137314

nodes to become Cluster Head in next 1/p rounds.The main problemwith LEACH protocol is that a lot of energy is wasted if the cluster head is lying far away from the nodes.

such environmental conditions, the replaceable and rechargeable power supply is not used. The key factor in Wireless Sensor Network is the efficient utilisation of the energy of the network. Numerous mechanisms have been proposed so as to reduce the impact of the communication protocol for their overall energy dissipation. For distribution of energy load among all the nodes in a WSN various protocols used like LEACH (low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy) and another improved centralized LEACH deploys randomized rotation of cluster-heads.

SEP is also a clustering protocol concludes the stability period of the nodes i.e. the time between the death of first and last node.The nodes are divided into two types:Advanced nodes and Normal Nodes.The probability of advance nodes to become cluster head is more than that of the normal nodes.The cluster head is selected in a random fashion.The main drawback of SEP is that the nodes are not distributed in a uniform manner .Hence,a lot of energy is wasted.

Linlin Wang et al., [6] discussed that the wireless sensor network consists of hundreds of limited storage nodes and this algorithm also discussed that the efficient utilisation and low consumption of energy is important while designing a Wireless SensorNetwork.

Hence, proper utilisation of energy is the main goal of WSN as it also increases the network lifetime of the networkand increases the efficiency of the network. Therefore, a new protocol is proposed which utilises the energy efficiently and reduces the energy wastage. Also, clustering is done in a uniform manner. 3.

Ma Chaw MonThein et al., [7] discussed that the “Clustering” of nodes plays the important role in wireless sensor network so as to efficient utilise their energy. In clustering, to communicate information from all sensor nodes areto be done by the cluster head and then, that information is aggregated and send to their respected base station so as to increase the network lifetime and saves the energy of the network.

LITERATURE SURVEY

Smaragdakis et al., [14] proposed the SEP (Stable Election Protocol).In this protocol, a cluster head is selected on the basis of their initial energy of all the nodes after the clustering of the network takes place. The cluster head is the node that contains highest energy.

VivekKatiyar et al., [15] discussed the”LEACH” ,a hierarchical clustering protocol.The main needs of the Wireless Sensor Network for the large scale development isscalability as well as energy efficient routing protocol and data aggregation.

Guisheng Yin et al., [1] studies that the key of network routing designing is the efficient utilisation of energy efficiency for the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). A wireless sensor network consists of collection of contains limited energy and unreplenishable energy resources such as computation, storage space and battery power as well.

Halkili ,M et al., [3] discussed that the set of nodes communicate with the central location. In this approach, two-level clustering is used. The first level is the node level in which after each time slot a batch of data is arrived and then after each time slot a set of salient data is defined then that data is send to the central location. In the second level, data synopsis is the resultant of clustering. In this step, a feedback to the nodes is provided with the appropriate results. The key factor used for the clustering of raw data send to the central location is the feedback itself.

QuanquanGu et al., [11] study the way with the help of which knowledge can be transferred to each other by using a novel clustering paradigm called multi-task clustering. Yuhua Liu et al., [17] has discussed that the residual energy and the distance of the cluster head to the base station is used to evaluate the performance of the network and also optimal cluster head is chosen for the non-cluster head. The result is shown by the simulation and evaluates that this new strategy of choosing cluster head achieved a great advancement in the network lifetime.

Meenakshi Sharma et al., [9] compares various routing protocols like EEE LEACH, LEACH and Direct Transmission protocol (DTx) in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and evaluates their transmission time and throughput of the network based on some performance matrices. To calculate that matrices MATLAB environment is used. The result of the above protocols is compared with the help of simulation.

Haosong Gou et al. [2], discussed that under hazardous or dangerous conditions wireless sensor network (WSN) for civil and military environment considered as a promising method for reliability. In

Rupesh Mehta et al., [12] discussed the drawback of

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Proceedings of International Conference on Networking and Computer Application July 15-16, 2015, ISBN:9788193137314

LEACH protocol is its random selection of cluster head based on the probability model. But this random selection sometimes reduces the efficiency of the network and also reduces their network lifetime as it makes some unequal sized clusters which results in imbalance of energy consumption in the network.

Kumar, G et al., [18] defines a new hybrid selfdecisive clustering technique based on Hierarchical AggloMarative clustering and K-means algorithm. In this algorithm, the optimal number of clusters for a given geographical region is obtained and then, a cluster head among the required clusters are chosen.

Jing Wang et al., [16] discussed a new clustering algorithm based on K-means clustering called as “CoClustering” .This method takes the relationship characteristics of data set as well as the clustering of entity pairs as the important factors. This method proves to be more accuracy than earlier K-clustering method.

4. EXPERIMENTAL SET UP In this work, the author assumed a three level hierarchical cluster network of 100 sensor nodes which are distributed randomly over the region of 100*100 m2 area. The base station is considered to be present at (90*90).The initial energy of each node is set at 0.5 J. The size of packet as well as the aggregated packet size of data is set at 4000 bits. The proposed strategy is designed and is implemented with the help of MATLAB and simulation is used for the evaluation of result.In this work, we have the network lifetime and compares it with the SEPand LEACH protocol.

Ying He et al., [4] discussed a new clustering algorithm named as EPCAHK (Ensemble Principle Component Analysis Hierarchical K-means Clustering Algorithm).In this algorithm, PAC method is first used to map the high dimensional dataset into low level dataset then, clustering is applied by using min-transitive closure method and finally, the kmeans clustering algorithm is used for clustering.

4.1 Creation Of Clusters

Esmin et al., [13] proposed a new method based on consensus clustering method called as“Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm (PSO)”. In this method, the reconciling clustering of information about same data set coming from different sourcesis to be done.

In this work, we have taken LEACH as SEP as the base protocol which are hierarchical cluster network and also the re-established in these protocols. A function p is also used defined as follows:

JianbinHaug et al., [5] proposeda oval density based network clustering method called “Graph – Skelton – based clustering (g Skelton cl) “.In this method , a undirected network to the core connected spanning tree is made which automatically select the parameter and achieve a meaningful cluster tree in a network which provide the efficient and effective density based clustering.

P = p / (1-p * mod(r, round(1 / p)));

well as the three level clusters are probability

Where 1/p defines the probability of nodes to not to become cluster head again in next round. R is the current round. 4.2 PROPOSED PROTOCOL In this work, we have considered a three level scenario in a heterogeneous sensor network environment. The p defines the probability of the nodes whether ornot to become the cluster head in next round.

PriyaSuri,Sunil Kumar,Rajeev Bedi [8] discussed the comparative study of basic clustering protocols like SEP,LEACH etc and also the various performance parameters used to evaluate the performance of the clustering protocols.

The network in this protocol is divided into various zones and each zone is having their different cluster head.The nodes are distributed in a uniform manner.The number of faulty nodes are to be calculated in each round.A broadcast facility is provided so that ifa node in a cluster is not having energy or is suffering from some problem can be considered as the faulty node and is not allowed to participate in the data transmission.

LaveenaMahajan et al., [10] discussed the SEP protocol by using a new dynamic strategy of selecting the optimal cluster head. In this case, the heterogeneous nodes are divided among normal, intermediate and advance nodes. The main motive of this research is to increase the time when first node dies and also when last node dies. The proposed algorithm is compared with the some well-known protocols like LEACH, E-LEACH, SEP, And Extended SEP.

Various Parameters are used to calculate the result defined as follows:

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Proceedings of International Conference on Networking and Computer Application July 15-16, 2015, ISBN:9788193137314

These parameters are used performance of the protocols:    

4.

to

calculate

the

protocol is then compared with the present protocols and is shown as follows. 

Number of cluster head:It defines the number of cluster heads elected per round. Number of live Nodes:It defines the number of nodes that contains some energy in them to take part in data transmission. Data Packets Received:It defines the total number of data packets received. Number of dead nodes: It defines the total number of dead nodes that donot contain energy for transmission.

Firstly, the comparison between the LEACH, SEP and Proposed protocol is to be done in accordance with the number of packets send from base station per round.

SIMULATION AND RESULT

The proposedtechnique is compared with LEACH and SEP protocol. The following diagram shows the clustering result of LEACH protocol.

Fig3: Number of packets per round. 

Base Station

Secondly, the comparison is taken into account on the basis of energy utilised in each round by each protocol.

Fig:1 Clustering in LEACH protocol The resulting clustering protocol of our proposed protocol is defines as: Fig4: Energy Of Nodes per Round 

Base Station

Thirdly, the comparison is based on the accordance of the end to end delay of data per round.

Cluster Head

Fig:2 The clustering of Enhanced SEP In the above diagram, the nodes which are represented in a star shape are the cluster head the centre round circle node defines the base station. 4.1.COMPARISON OF VARIOUS CLUSTERING PROTOCOLS WITH PROPOSED PROTOCOL

Fig5: Delay of packets per round. 5. CONCLUSION

Since efficient utilisation of energy and minimum number of faulty nodes takes place is the main point to be considered in WSN. Hence, our proposed

We present the protocol for WSN heterogeneity.In this protocol, we use the clustering approach in which

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Proceedings of International Conference on Networking and Computer Application July 15-16, 2015, ISBN:9788193137314

the node with highest energy is selected as a cluster head.Our protocolseems to be more robust and efficient utilise the energy.

Advance in Ëlectrical,PoerControl,Electronics Engineering and Applied Communication Technology (EPEACT-2015), Vol:2,pp.357359.

Also, the loss of packets are reduced to a greater extend as shown in the diagrams.Broadcasting of the faulty node helps to reduce the wastage of energy.Delay of packets in each round is also reduced.

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