Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Principles, Evidences and Innovations ISBN: 978-93-83083-75-6
First Impression: 2014
© Krishi Sanskriti www.krishisanskriti.org
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the copyright owners.
DISCLAIMER The authors are solely responsible for the contents of the papers compiled in this volume. The publishers or editors do not take any responsibility for the same in any manner. Errors, if any, are purely unintentional and readers are requested to communicate such errors to the editors or publishers to avoid discrepancies in future.
ISBN: 978-93-83083-75-6
Publishing by EXCELLENT PUBLISHING HOUSE Kishangarh, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi – 110070 Tel.: 9910948516, 9958167102 E-mail:
[email protected] Typeset by Excellent Publishing Services, New Delhi – 110070
Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Principles, Evidences and Innovations
Editor: Prof. (Dr.) Govind Chandra Mishra
Publishing by EXCELLENT PUBLISHING HOUSE Kishangarh, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi – 110070 Tel.: 9910948516, 9958167102 E-mail:
[email protected] Online Link: www.krishisanskriti.org/Publications/Books/AFEESSA
Preface
29th March, 2014
From the Desk of Editor……………… I extend my heartiest and warmth welcome to the distinguished delegates and participants of the International Congress on “Agriculture, Food Engineering and Environmental SciencesSustainable Approaches” (AFEESSA- 2014) being held at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, on 29th and 30th March, 2014, organized by Krishi Sanskriti. Surely, this Conference will help a lot to increase your knowledge bank. The conference is a source of powerful influence as it draws upon the expertise from various disciplines and also able to bring together leading authorities from academia, industry, R&D Institutions and sustainable management societies for focusing on new approaches in the field of Agriculture, Food Technologies and Environment in order to achieve universal goal of sustainable development. The importance of this conference lies in the fact that during this duration, the feasibility of certain policies for innovations within the frame work of these important subjects which has direct impact in terms of productivity, combating hunger with special emphasis on dealing with malnutrition in down trodden section of the society especially in third world countries with the help of genetic engineering is very significant. This is the third publication in the form of edited book of the Society “Krishi Sanskriti”. The society is a non-partisan, non-profit making registered voluntary organization of academics, researchers, entrepreneurs social activists and interested and concerned citizens engaged in the study and understanding of the problems of the general public in India as well as the world. Since its inception in 2003, it has been organizing seminars, workshops, lectures and discussions on issues of current interest for sustainable development of the society. The present volume of the outcome of a two-day world congress organized by “Krishi Sanskriti” on 29th-30th March 2014 on “Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Principles, Evidences and Innovations”. A number of papers were presented in the world congress and form the core of this volume. This world congress acted as a major forum for the presentation of innovative ideas, approaches, developments and research projects in the area of Agricultural Sciences, Biological Sciences, Food Technologies, Biotechnology as well as different streams of environmental technologies in order to
Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Principles, Evidences and Innovations - ISBN: 978-93-83083-75-6
(i)
Preface
full-fill the dreams of sustainable development into reality. The (AFEESSA- 2014) committee invited original Submissions from researchers, faculties, scientists and students that illustrate analytical research results, review works, projects, survey works and industrial experiences describing significant advances in the areas related to the relevant themes and tracks of the conferences. This effort guaranteed submissions from an unparalleled number of recognized toplevel researchers. All the submissions underwent a strenuous peer-review process which comprised expert reviewers. Besides the members of the Technical Program Committee, external reviewers were invited on the basis of their specialization and expertise. The papers were reviewed based on their technical content, originality and clarity. The entire process which includes the submission, review and acceptance processes was done electronically. There were a total 428 submissions to the conference and the Technical Program Committee selected 180 full length papers and 70 abstracts for presentation (oral as well as poster) at the conference and Subsequent publication in the edited book and abstract book. This small introduction would be incomplete without expressing our gratitude and thanks to the General and Program Chairs, members of the Technical Program Committees, and external reviewers for their excellent and diligent work. Thanks to the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, for providing venue for this conference. Finally, we thank all the authors who contributed to the success of the conference. We also sincerely wish that all attendees will get benefited academically from the conference and wish them every success in their research Endeavour.
Prof. (Dr.) Govind Chandra Mishra Editor
Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Principles, Evidences and Innovations - ISBN: 978-93-83083-75-6
(ii)
Contents Preface 1. Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Rural Household’s Food Security and Sustainability in South West Nigeria
i 1
A. B. Sekumade, A.O. Adedapo
2.
Waste Minimization
11
Abhishek Jain, M.K. Singhal
3.
Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water in Madiwala Lake of Bangalore
19
Alimuddin
4.
Water Quality Assessment of Chambal River in National Chambal Sanctuary of Madhya Pradesh
24
N.S. Yadav, M.P. Sharma, A. Kumar, and S. Pani
5.
Need of the hour: Pollution free Environment or Sophisticated Technology?
36
Anjum Hassan, Neelam Seam
6.
Water Quality of Village Pond for Aquaculture Development
44
Gadhia Mohini, Ansari Ekhalak and Surana Ranjana
7.
Incorporating Benefits of Nanomaterials in Membrane Filtration Process for Producing Safe Drinking Water
52
N. Mehta, S. Basu, A. Kumar
8.
Impact of Climate Change on River Water Quality: A Case Study on the Yamuna River
57
Bendangtola Walling, C.T. Dhanya, and Arun Kumar
9.
Use of Vegetable oils and its Derivatives in CI Engines-A Review
67
Mehar Sheel Caprihan, Vinayok Dubey, Ashok Yadav
10.
Water Footprint of Transplanted and Direct Seeded Rice
75
B. Chakrabarti, U. Mina, P. Pramanik, D.K. Sharma
11.
Modeling the Impacts of Climate Change on Runoff in a River Basin of Eastern India
80
B. Uniyal, M.K. Jha, and A. K. Verma
12.
Bioremediation of Monocrotophos and Malathion by Bacillus sp.
88
Bini Samal, Parul Bhatt Kotiyal
13.
Character Association and Path Analysis for Yield and its Components in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern and Coss)
94
Diana Sagolsem, Th. Renuka Devi, Pushparani Senjam, N Brajendra Singh, Prabhat K Singh and Shabir H Wani
14.
Developing Hybrid Wind and Solar Powered Irrigation System
99
Divyesh Chandra, Pankaj Kumar Appu Singh, Tauhid Alam, Ramniwas Bishnoi, Ajit Kumar Singh
15.
“Study of Antifertility Effect of Tephrosia Purpurea plant”
106
Gourav Luhadia, Nalinee Kumari, P.C. Mali
Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Principles, Evidences and Innovations - ISBN: 978-93-83083-75-6
(iii)
Contents
16.
Organoleptic Properties of Water Reservoir in Phagwara City (Punjab)
109
Harashit Kumar Mandal
17.
A Review on the Experimental and Analytical Analysis of Earth Air Tunnel Heat Exchanger System
116
Jagjeet Kaur, Prem Singh, Harminder Kaur
18.
Environmental Exposure to Lead and Breast Cancer: Is there any Association?
121
Jyoti Singh, Madhu Anand, VK Singh and MKJ Siddiqui
19.
Envirnomental Friendly Remote Controlled Solar Sprint Car
128
Kaushal Pratap Singh, Girish Dutt Gautam, Ashish Bhatia, Ankush Verma, Gavendra Norkey
20.
Assessment of Climate Change Impact on Rice Yield
135
K C Swain and R Moitra
21.
Urban Rooftop Farm Monitoring System (URFMS) using WSN
143
Bandri Manoj, Kondapalli S Rami Reddy and Sai Prakash S.K.L.V
22.
Carbon Sequestration, Its Methods and Significance
151
K. Dhanwantri, P. Sharma, S. Mehta, P. Prakash
23.
Carbon Trading: A Mitigation Approach to Climate Change
158
K. Dhanwantri, S. Mehta P. Sharma, P. Prakash
24.
Organochlorine Pesticides and its Association with Preterm Deliveries: A Case Control Study from Agra
163
Anand M. and Taneja A.
25.
Agricultural Waste Utilization in Civil Engineering
170
Manpreet Kaur and Jaspal Singh
26.
Bacterial Contamination of Air in Lucknow Charbagh Railway Station
176
Pankaj K. Tyagi, Nida Khan and Mansi Mishra
27.
Preparation of a Microbial Consortium for Efficient Disposal of Human Waste and Improving its Fertilizer Value
182
Vijay Kumar N, Deepika Khanduri, Suman Chehar, Achintya Kumar Sen Gupta
28.
Environmental Policies
189
Neha Singh and Indu Bala Gautam
29.
Landscape Degradation and Restoration
197
Ar. Pallavi Sharma, Ar. Raina Garg, Kumud Dhanwantri, Shashi Mehta
30.
Environment Friendly Material
203
Ar. Pallavi Sharma, Ar. Raina Garg, Kumud Dhanwantri, Shashi Mehta
31.
Integrated Townships to Resume Cities’ Environmental Sustainability
209
Pallavi Tak Rai
32.
Carbon Sequestration within Landfill by Alkaline Waste: An Innovative Exploration
224
Poonam Kumari, Dhruv Gaur and Arvind Kumar Nema
33.
Computational Study of Nanomaterials Invoking DFT based Descriptors
239
Prabhat Ranjan, Ajay Kumar and Tanmoy Chakraborty
34.
Life Cycle Analysis
243
Ar. Raina Garg, Ar. Pallavi Sharma
Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Principles, Evidences and Innovations - ISBN: 978-93-83083-75-6
(iv)
Contents
35.
Renewable Sources of Energy
249
Ar. Raina Garg, Ar. Pallavi Sharma
36.
Green Growth Technology for Livelihood Security & Sustainability
255
Rajesh Kumar Dubey, Nidhi Shukla
37.
Role of East Equatorial Indian Ocean on Indian Northeast Monsoon
265
Ramesh Kumar Yadav
38.
Effects of Cadmium Stress on Plants
271
Rita Bagheri, Humayra Bashir, Javed Ahmad, Affan Baig, M. Irfan Qureshi
39.
Impact of Cadmium, Salt and their Combination on Oxidative Stress, Chlorophylls and Thylakoid Structure of Spinacia Oleracea
278
Rita Bagheri, Javed Ahmad, Humayra Bashir, M. Irfan Qureshi
40.
Potential Utilisation of Industrial Waste (Red Mud) in Concrete
284
M.P. Sureshkumar, S.K. Gowtham
41.
Land Use and Water Management
291
Salman Beg and Mubeen Beg
42.
Ground Water Contamination with Hexavalent Chromium and its Health Effects: Debatable and Unsettled Issue of Regulation
300
Shakeel Zaidi, Mayur Panchal, Vrushank Parekh, Aqib Shaikh, Uzma Zaidi, Urjit Desai, Kanaiyalal Patel, Kardam Dave, Sahir Ansari, Pradeep Upadhayay and Vijay Shivgotra
43.
Sustainability: A Challenge for Urban Development
311
S. Mehta, K. Dhanwantri, P. Sharma
44.
Management of Solid Waste: A Growing Concern of Indian Cities
317
S. Mehta, K. Dhanwantri, P. Sharma
45.
Climate Change Scenario and Vulnerability in Mountain Ecosystem: Focusing on India
323
Sneh Gangwar
46.
Organic Agriculture: its Concept, Scenario and Distribution
332
Sneh Gangwar
47.
Mutagenic Effect in Vegetables by Pesticides
338
Shilpa Nag, A.K. Jain, M.S. Dhanya
48.
Environmental Ethics from a Non-anthropocentric Point of View
344
Shruti Srivastava, R. K. Shukla, Vandana Pandey
49.
Is Raw Eaten Vegetables and Salads are Safe for Consumption? A Microbiological Investigation in the Context of Food Safety
350
Sujeet Kumar Mritunjay and Vipin Kumar
50.
Biodegradation of Atrazine (herbicide) using Pseudomonas sp.
360
Suraj Kumar, P.K. Bajpai
51.
Role of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in Sustainable Energy Generation in India
367
Swami Prakash Srivastava, Sachin Prakash Srivastava, Surat Prakash Srivastava
52.
Locale and Gender as Determinants of Environmental Awareness among School Children
383
Kang T.K. and Grewal D.K.
Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Principles, Evidences and Innovations - ISBN: 978-93-83083-75-6
(v)
Contents
53.
Renewable and Sustainable Fuels for Rural Energy Applications
390
V.S. Yaliwal, N.R. Banapurmath, Iranna Gogeri, P.G. Tewari
54.
Eco-friendly Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles using Extract of Zingber Officinale Rhizome
399
Abhimanyu Kanneganti, G. Sai Priya, K. Anil Kumar, K. Venkateswara Rao, Satish Bykkam
55.
Vanadium Pentoxide Thin Films: Synthesized by Thermal Decomposition, Characterization and Application as a Gas Sensor
405
B.N.S. Nirupama, K.Venkateswara Rao, Suryakanth Patil, V. Sesha Sai Kumar, K.Tulasiram
56.
“Use of Waste Materials in Construction Work: Step Towards waste Minimization”
413
Vikas Kumar, Anil Kumar Chhotu, K. Mani and Deepak Gupta
57.
Evaluation of Water Chemistry along the Coastal and Lagoon Segments of Kavaratti Tropical Island, South West of India
420
Vimexen V., Baiju R.S., Faisal A.K., Aneesh K.S., Ajmal K., Anoop Krishnan K., and Ajayakumar Varma R.
58.
Role of Environmental Factors in Urban Malaria and Dengue Prevalence
427
Josephine Emogor, Vinod Joon and M. Bhattacharya
ABSTRACTS SESSION 1.
Floristic Diversity of Genus Hypochnicium in Himalaya
432
Maninder Kaur, Avneet Pal Singh & Gurpaul Singh Dhingra
2.
Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone (PVP) as an Additive in Starch Based Biodegradable Films
433
Neha Bisht, Chandani Sen, Madhusweta Das
3.
Elemental Profile of Ganoderma Brownii
434
Ranjeet Singh, Gurpaul Singh Dhingra and Richa Shri
4.
A Study of Drug-Receptor Interaction through DFT Based Local Descriptors
435
Tanmoy Chakraborty, Dulal C. Ghosh,
5.
Screening and Enrichment of Polymer Degrading Microbes and their Application in Environmental Engineering
436
Anu Anmol, Anusha Chaudhary, Deepali Vaid, Deepika Rana, Lakshmi Rana, Monika Yadav, Siddharth Srivastava, Sujata Kumari, Akansha Agarwal, Nishant Jain, Ravinder Singh, Siddharth Sirohi, Divya Babjaj, Nalla Vijaya Kumar, Yogender Pal Khasa+
Environmental Sustainability: Concepts, Principles, Evidences and Innovations - ISBN: 978-93-83083-75-6
(vi)
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies for Rural Household’s Food Security and Sustainability in South West Nigeria A. B. Sekumade1, A.O. Adedapo2 1
Department of Agricultural Economics and Extension Services, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, P.M.B. 5363, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. 2 Department of Extension Education, Dr Balasaheeb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli - 415 712 Dist: Ratnagiri (Maharasthra State) India.
ABSTRACT The issue of climate change and its influence on farm activities has been a serious concern to food policy makers in recent times. Change in rainfall, water level, ponds, lakes, rivers, springs, streams, frequent storms and drought all have effects on food production, quality, availability, nutrition and security, as a result of this different countries especially the developing countries stimulate different adaptation techniques to manage this challenge. Therefore, this study examine rural household’s climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies for food security and sustainability in south west Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling technique was used and a total of 381 respondents were randomly selected from 45 communities in the selected States. Descriptive statistics and probit regression model were utilized to analyze the collected data. Result shows that all the respondents were adversely affected by climate change. 64.83% of respondents were vulnerable to climate change because of peasant nature of farming in the area. In order to manage this, more than half of the respondents have resulted into monitoring of weather, crop rotation and mixed farming. This study also revealed that climate change has resulted into decrease farmland cultivation and also changed farmer’s future productive plan, hence 9.18% of the farmers are not willing to grow their productivity in subsequent season. This concur that climate change has negative influence on food security status of most of the farmers. 55.12% of the respondents applied adaptation technique for coping with climate change such as weather monitoring, crop rotation and mixed farming. Result of probit model reveals the significant relationship between the determinants vulnerability of climate change and livestock land, land problem (p