Evolving Universe Chapter Multiple Choice Questions The over 200 questions are labeled according to chapter. They are numbered within a chapter. Answers are given immediately below each question labeled according the chapter, the question number in the chapter and the letter of the correct answer. Remarks or questions? Email
[email protected] Chapter 1 1 C1 Zodiacal constellations corresponding to the different directions of the Sun during the year are distributed along the A celestial equator. B ecliptic. C celestial poles. D zenith and nadir. C1Ans 1B 2 C1 The zodiacal signs and dates in newspaper astrology columns correspond to the zodical constellations the sun was in during those dates A this year B 2000 years ago C 2 years ago D 26,000 years ago C1Ans 2B 3 C1 The historical origin of your “newspaper” zodiacal sign is the _______ the sun is in when _______. A constellation, you die B constellation, you are born C galaxy, you die D galaxy, you were born C1Ans 3B
Chapter 2 1 C2 The ancient Greek Aristotle thought that ______was an element A solid earth B fire C air D water E Aristotle thought all of these were elements C2Ans 1E 2 C2 A ristotle thought that the natural arrangement of the elements going outward from the Earth’s center left to right was A earth; water; air; fire
B fire, air; water; earth. C air, fire, water, earth C2Ans 2A 3. C2 The ancient Greek Anaximenes and subsequent ancient Greeks explained the _________ A rising and setting of the stars as a result of turning of a sphere centered on the Earth with stars fixed on it B rising and setting of the stars as a result of turning of a cube with stars fixed on it C stars staying fixed in the sky relative to the horizon as a result of stars being attached on a stationary giant sphere centered on the Earth C2Ans 3A
Chapter 3 1 C 3 The ancient Greeks, Aristotle and Aristarchus, thought that the earth was A B C D
flat cubical round Wrong! Columbus was the first to propose that the Earth was round.
C3Ans 1C 2 C. 3 Erastothenes found that the June 22 noon day Sun was lower in the sky in Alexandria than at a location directly south of him. He thought that this is due to the fact .that . A B C D
the the the the
earth goes around the sun. sun goes around the earth. earth is round. stars are much farther away than the ancients thought.
C3Ans 2C 3 C. Who wrote the Almagest supporting the geocentric theory of the universe? A B C D E
Tycho Brahe Kepler Copernicus Ptolemy Aristotle
C3Ans 3D 4 C
Retrograde motion of a planet occurs when for a short while it moves backward ____________ among the stars. A B C D
west to east east to west west to east east to west
along along along along
the the the the
ecliptic ecliptic celestial equator celestial equator
C3Ans 4B 5 C 3
In Ptolemy's description of geocentric astronomy, the epicycle was
deferent
A
a small circle on the planet which moves along the large deferent path within the
B C
the large circle which the planet followed centered near the Earth the path which the Earth follows around the sun
C3Ans 5A 6 C 3..The ancient Greek astronomer Eratosthenes measured the size of A B C D
the the the the
universe sun earth's orbit around the sun earth
C3Ans 6D 7 C 3 The first person in the list below to propose that the Earth went around the sun was A B C D E
Copernicus Ptolemy Aristotle Aristarchus Eratosthenes
C3Ans 7D 8 C 3 Aristarchus deduced the distance from the Earth of the sun compared to the moon's distance from the earth by observing A B C D E
the phases of the planet Venus. photographs of the sun. the time it takes sunspots to travel around the sun. a spacecraft circling the moon. times between the phases of the moon.
C3Ans 8E 9 C. 3 The failure to detect ________ of stars convinced ancient astronomers that the earth stood still. A B C D E
diffraction refraction reflection interference parallax
C3Ans 9E
Chapter 4 1 C 4 Leonardo da Vinci explained the faint view of the whole moon inside the bright “horns” of the crescent moon as seen from Earth.as due to _________. This is an early example of physical processes seen on Earth being used to explain occur in the heavens. A B C
light emitted by the extremely hot surface of the Moon. light reflected from Earth absorbed by the totally black non-reflective Moon, reflected from the Earth bouncing of the night side of the Moon (not
illuminated directly by the Sun) C4Ans C 2. C 4 Before being burned at the stake in Rome in 1600, Giordano Bruno in his writings proposed that A there is no single center to the universe i.e. it is not at the Earth B the stars are distant versions of the Sun with many planets like the Earth scattered through infinite space. C Planets scattered through the universe may be inhabited like Earth D All of the above A, B, C E None of the above A, B,C. These are all modern concepts. C4Ans 2D 3 C4 The ancient Greek followers of Pythagoras believed that A B C D E
The Earth is a sphere The stars are on a sphere turning about a central fire and Earth The Earth moves in an orbit around a central fire They believed in A, B and C. They only believed in Answer A.
C4Ans 3D
Chapter 5 1 C. 5 Copernicus. . .. A was the first person to propose that the earth orbited the sun B showed how retrograde motion could be explained without epicycles if the planets all orbited the sun C showed how retrograde motion could be explained without epicycles if the planets all orbited the earth D first used the telescope for astronomical purposes C5Ans 1B 2 C. 5 The astronomical unit is defined as A the distance from the sun to the nearest star. B the average distance of the earth from the sun. C the distance between the two furthest points on the earth's orbit. Dc the cost of a rocket launch C5Ans 2B 3 C. 5 Copernicus’ theory naturally (simply) explained ... . .. A the daily motion of the stars as due to the Earth’s rotation rather than super fast motion of the distant celestial sphere B planet’s retrograde motion without epicycles if the planets all orbited the sun C the yearly movement of the Sun around the sky and the seasons D A, B and C C5Ans 3D
Chapter 6
1 C 6 Tycho Brahe
C6Ans 1D
A B C D
was an ancient Greek astronomer thought it was true that the earth and planets moved around the sun was the first to propose that the earth orbited the sun made accurate measurements used later by Kepler
2 C.. 6 Kepler used Tycho's observations to show that the planets ____ around the Sun, his first law of planetary motion. A B C D
followed perfectly circular orbits followed perfectly cubical orbits followed elliptical orbits Wrong! All circled the Earth
C6Ans 2C 3 C 6 Kepler's third law gives a relation between a planet's. . . A B C D
orbit size and distance from the sun. orbital period and orbit size. orbital period and orbit eccentricity. action and equal and opposite reaction.
C6Ans 3B 4 C 6..According to Kepler's 2ed law, planets ________ so the planet-sun line sweeps out equal areas in equal times. A speed up when farther from the Sun and slow down when closer. B speed up when closer to the Sun and slow down when farther. C slow down when closer to the Sun and speed up when farther D Wrong! They keep the same speed when close and far from the Sun. C6Ans 4B
Chapter 7 1 C 7 Galileo used a telescope to discover A B C D E
spots on the sun craters on the moon moons around Jupiter moon-like phases of Venus all of these
C7Ans 1E 2 C..7..________ first discovered the rotation of the sun by using a telescope to ________. A B C D E C7Ans 2D
Aristotle; time the interval between first and third quarter moons Galileo; observe craters on the moon Kepler; see the movement of sunspots across the sun's disk Galileo; see the movement of sunspots across the sun's disk Kepler; establish the elliptical path of the sun's orbit about the earth
3 C 7 compared to a smaller telescope objective mirror, a larger objective mirror makes a star's image______, This is the main reason Earth-based astronomers want larger telescope objective mirrors (larger telescopes). A brighter by collecting more light. B brighter by collecting less light. C dimmer by collecting more light C7Ans 3B 4 C 7 Compared to a visual light telescope with a mirror or “dish” the same size, a radio telescope which observes at 21 cm radio waves will have _________resolution due to the _______wavelength the radio telescope uses compared to light. A worse; longer. B worse; shorter. C better; longer. D better; shorter. C7Ans A
Chapter 8 1 C8
Which one of the methods below enables astronomers to measure the distance of a star near the sun in our galaxy? A sound echoes knowing the speed of sound and time. B parallax using the earth's orbit. C human binocular vision. D Balmer series. E none of the above.
C8Ans 1B 2 C 8 A star’s star’s distance. A B C D
parallax, Π = 0.25 sec of arc. Distance in parsec = 1/Π in arc sec. Compute the 1 pc. 2 pc. 4 pc. 8 pc.
C8Ans 2C 3 C 8 The total A B C
energy output per second of a star can be obtained from the distance of the star alone. the intensity of light (energy per second per square meter) alone. both A and B.
C8Ans 3C
.
4 C 8 Binary (double) stars can be detected by A being seen as two separate stars with a telescope. B one star traveling a wiggly proper motion path across the sky. C one star dimming abruptly as another passes in front of it. D pairs of absorption lines being seen in the spectrum of what appears to be one star. E all of the above.
C8Ans 4E 5 C 8 The method of the ____________was used by Newton to estimate the distance of the star Sirius (subsequently other stars) from the Earth. This method depends on the fact that the flus ( energy/sec per unit area) ____________ as the inverse square of the increasing distance. A standard candle; increases B standard candle; decreases C parallax; increases D parallax; decreases C8Ans 5B
Chapter 9 1 C 9 ______ of the planet Venus passing between _____was used to estimate the distance of the Sun from Earth. A B C D E
A transit; the Earth and the Moon A transit; Earth and Mars A transit; the Earth and Sun An eclipse: the Earth and the Moon An eclipse; the Earth and Mars
C9Ans 1C 2 C9 The ______is the _________ A AU; the Earth and the Moon B AU; Earth and Mars C AU; the Earth and Sun D kilometer: the Earth and the Moon E light year; the Earth and Mars C9Ans 2C 3 C 9 Early attempts to measure the distance of the Sun from the Earth. A a pin-hole image of the Sun on the floor of a cathedral B directions of the Sun on the sky from Europe and from South America at the same time C simultaneous images of Venus passing between the Earth and the Sun from different locations on Earth D All of these C9Ans 3D
Chapter 10 1 C 10 Because the Earth’s Moon is much smaller in mass than the Earth, the center of mass of the earth and moon (barycenter) about which both orbit is. . . A B C D E
1/2 way between the earth and moon. close to the center of the moon. close to the center of the earth. at the exact center of the earth. at the exact center of the moon.
C10Ans 1C 2 C. 10 Newton's law of gravitational force is expressed as ____. So even in space a “weightless” space station astronaut and the station both have a non-zero force of gravity maintaining a “free-fall” curving orbit. A B
An object with no force on it moves in a straight line with constant velocity. An object with a force on it is accelerated in the direction of the force an amount inversely proportional to its mass and directly proportional to the size of the force. C For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. D The force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them squared which never goes to zero. C10Ans D 3 C..10 The gravitational force between Mars and Pluto is determined by. . . A B C D
the the the the
mass mass mass mass
of of of of
each, their temperatures, and the distance between them. each. each and their speeds relative to one another. each and the distance between them.
C10Ans 3D 4 C 10 Newton’s laws from his book The Principia are given below. Which one is Newton's law of gravitational force? A An object with no force on it moves in a straight line with constant velocity. B An object with a force on it is accelerated in the direction of the force an amount inversely proportional to its mass and directly proportional to the size of the force. C For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. D The force between two objects is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the distance between them squared. C10Ans 4D
Chapter 11 1 C 11 The tidal interaction of the Earth on the Moon causes the Moon to rotate..... and the Moon’s orbit to get .........._with time. .The orbit period takes longer the larger the orbit. A once per 28 day Moon orbit period: larger. B once per 28 day Moon orbit period: smaller. C once per 24 hr Earth’s day; larger. D once per 24 hr Earth’s day; smaller. C11Ans 1A 2 C 11 _________discovered the planet ________using a telescope that he built himself. A Ptolemy; Uranus. B Herschel, Uranus. C Ptolemy; Jupiter. D Herschel; Jupiter. C11Ans 2B
3 C 11 Which planet was discovered by its gravitational effects? This prediction was considered a triumph of Newton’s theory of gravitation and laws of motion. A Jupiter. B Saturn. C Uranus. D Neptune. C11Ans 3D 4 C. 11 The Kuiper belt objects orbit A between Mars and Jupiter B between the Earth and its Moon. C inside the orbit of the planet Saturn D beyond the orbit of Neptune
.
C11Ans 4D 5 C 11 Astronomers have discovered that _. A most, Mercury and Venus B most, Earth and Mars C most, Mars and Jupiter D all, Mars and Jupiter
_asteroids are found between the orbits of
C11Ans 5C 6 C 11 Titus and A B C D
Bode predicted the rate of thermal emission from the surface of a body the number of craters per km squared on the moon the gravitational force between two bodies a planet between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter at 2.5 AU
C11Ans 6D
Chapter 12 1 C 12 Which one of these first showed experimental showed the wave properties of light? A Galileo B Copernicus C Young D Newton C12Ans 1C 2 C 12 If a light-emitting object is moving away from you, you observe its wavelengths to be ________ its wavelengths if it were at rest. A longer than. B shorter than. C the same as. C12Ans 2A 3 C12 Suppose the normal laboratory wavelength of a spectral line is 600 nm. In a star it is measured to be smaller, 599.4 nm. Is the star at rest, moving toward or moving away from us,
relative to the line of sight to the star? A toward,. B away, C at rest, D sideways only , C12Ans 3A 4 C12 The star Betelgeuse has a reddish color. Which of the surface temperatures below best matches Betelgeuse's surface photosphere temperature? Hint: Our sun at 6000K is yellow. A 64,000 K. B 32,000 K. C 16,000 K. D 8000 K. E 4000 K. C12Ans 4E 5 C 12 Two white dwarf stars are the same size, but one has a surface temperature in Kelvins (6000K like our Sun) hotter than the other (4000K). The hotter star will radiate most of its light at ____ while the cooler emits at ______ A gamma rays; x-rays B ultraviolet light; violet C yellow light; redder light D the same wavelength of peak emission as that of the cooler star. C12Ans 5C 6 C12 A very bright UFO is seen near the moon's orbit. An astronomer takes a spectrum of it and discovers it has an emission line spectrum on a dark background. The earth's population is near panic when the astronomer announces the UFO is a A reflective metal spacecraft. B a giant rock about to hit the earth. C a glowing cloud of thin gas. D a star like the sun. C12Ans 6C 7 C 12 Hint The absorption: spectrum wavelengths of an element is like the ”finger print” which is independent of the temperature of the element. The wavelength of the hydrogen line from level 1 to level 2 in a hot star is ____________the wavelength of the same line in a cool star. The stars have the same radial velocities away from the earth. A larger than. B the same as. C smaller than. D not enough information to answer. C12Ans 7B 8 C12
A hot A B spectrum) C D C12Ans 8D
thick gas or a hot solid emits what kind of spectrum with light emitted only at a specific set of wavelengths (emission line spectrum) only at all wavelength except at a specific set of wavelengths (absorption line at no wavelengths at all at all wavelengths (continuous spectrum)
9 C 12
A glass lens forms an image by __________ of light, a mirror by ______ of light. A reflection, reflection. B refraction, reflection. C diffraction. refraction.
C12Ans 9A 10 C 12 The sun has a continuous visual spectrum with dark absorption lines. The continuous spectrum is produced by the inner ____________ layer while the dark absorption lines are produced by __________layers. A hotter thicker; rarefied overlying B hotter rarefied; thicker overlying C cooler thicker; rarefied overlying D cooler rarefied; thicker overlying C12Ans 10A 11 C12 Spectroscopic observations and other techniques reveal that the Sun is primarily made of the element ____________. A iron. B oxygen. C carbon. D helium. E hydrogen. C12Ans 11E 12 C12
The A B C D
sun and most other stars have a (an) _________________. emission line spectrum only. continuous spectrum only. continuous spectrum with superposed absorption lines. continuous spectrum with superposed emission lines.
C12Ans 12C 13 C12 Compared to a star of medium temperature, if the temperature of another star is ...............................the continuum spectrum of a star has its peak of emission at ......................wavelengths. A lower; longer. B lower; shorter. C higher; longer. C12Ans 13A
Chapter 13 1. C13 _Electric and magnetic fields are related. ________creates __________ A A changing electric field; creates a changing magnetic field B Changing magnetic field creates a changing electric field C Both A and B D Neither A or B. Electricity and magnetism are totally separate forces. C13Ans 1C
2 .C13 Michael A B C D
Faraday proposed the existence of _________, _______and__________ electric; magnetic and gravitational fields Faraday just proposed electric fields Faraday just proposed magnetic fields Faraday proposed just electric and magnetic fields but NOT gravitational fields
C13Ans D 3 .C13 Maxwell proposed and developed the mathematics of _________as ______________wave. A light; an electromagnetic B light a strictly electric wave C a bullet: an electromagnetic D None of these. Maxwell thought light was made of particles. C13Ans 3A
Chapter 14 1 C 14 The speed of light is measured to be _________ A unaffected by the motion of the source . B affected by the source motion, faster in the direction of motion, slower opposite the direction C affected by the source motion, slower outward in the direction of motion, faster outward opposite the direction C14Ans 1A 2 C 14 The speed of light in a lab at rest on the Earth is 186,000 mi/s (300,000 km/s). Assume a train travels toward the lab at 150,000 km/s. If the train shines a headlight at the lab, the speed of light is measured by an observer in the lab to be _________ A 150,000 km/s . B 300,000 km/s C 450,000 km/s C14Ans 2B 3 C 14 The speed of light in a lab at rest on the Earth is 186,000 mi/s (300,000 km/s). Assume a train travels toward the lab half the speed 150,000 km/s. A scientist in the lab will observe a conductor’s watch on the train to be _________compared to one’s identical watch in the lab A slow. B fast C the same as the lab watch C14Ans 3A 4 C 14 The speed of light in a lab at rest on the Earth is 186,000 mi/s (300,000 km/s). Assume a train travels toward the lab half the speed 150,000 km/s. A conductor on the train will observe a scientist’s watch to be _________compared to the conductor’s similar watch on the train. A slow. B fast
C
the same as the train watch
C14Ans 4A
Chapter 15 1 C 15 Evidence for (or observations of) gravitational waves has been found A to be given off by objects merging to result in a black hole B in the shrinking orbit of a binary pulsar C by detectors on the Earth D Answers A, B andC are all correct C15Ans 1D 2 C 15 In general relativity, a mass of matter makes the surrounding space ______, and a small body will react to this in such a way that there appears to be a ____________ A curve; gravitational attraction by the mass B curve; gravitational repulsion by the mass C exactly flat; gravitational attraction by the mass D exactly flat; gravitational repulsion by the mass C15Ans 2A 3 C15 The major axis of Mercury’s orbit precesses slowly due to influences of other planets. Einstein’s theory gives ___________ A exactly the same precession as that given by Newton’s theory B an additional precession beyond that given by Newton’s theory C no precession at all. C15Ans 3B 4 C 15 In general relativity, a mass of matter makes the surrounding space ______, and a small body will react to this in such a way that there appears to be a ____________ A curve; gravitational attraction by the mass B curve; gravitational repulsion by the mass C exactly flat; gravitational attraction by the mass D exactly flat; gravitational repulsion by the mass C15Ans 4A 5 C 15 A body A B C “slow”. D
of any given mass can be compressed enough to become a black hole so that it has a Schwarzschild radius inside which light cannot escape so that an distant external observer will observe clocks near that radius to be very Answers A, b and C are all true
C15Ans 5D
Chapter 16 1 C 16 In 1789 the chemist Lavoisier proposed that in all chemical process matter ________ A is totally destroyed B is neither created or destroyed
C is created from nothing. C16Ans 1B 2 C16 The atom is composed of a ___________________ A positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged cloud of electrons B negatively charged nucleus surrounded by a positively charged cloud of electrons. C mixed cloud of positively charged protons and negative electrons. C16Ans 2A 3 C 16 In 1800 it was discovered that water could be broken down into _______ via electrodes connected to a battery. . ________indicating A just hydrogen gas B just oxygen gas C hydrogen and oxygen gas. D Wrong! Water is one of the four elements and cannot be broken up C16Ans 3C 4 C 16 During radioactive decay positively charged alpha particles can be emitted from ________. A the nucleus of an element’s atoms leaving the element’s nucleus unchanged (with the same positive charge). B the nucleus of an element’s atoms changing it to a new element (with a smaller positive charge). same positive charge). C the orbiting electrons of an element’s atoms changing it to a new element (with a different positive charge nucleus). D the electrons of an element’s atoms leaving the element’s nucleus unchanged (with the same positive charge). C16Ans 4B
Chapter 17 1 C 17 There A B C
is strong scientific evidence that light behaves like a wave only particle only wave and also a particle
C17Ans C 2 C 17 Bohr proposed that an electron in an atom at a particular orbit (energy level) can _______ A emit a light particle (a photon) when it falls to a more bound smaller energy level. B absorb a light particle (a photon) when it climbs to a less bound larger energy level C Answer A or B depending on whether a photon is emitted or absorbed C17Ans 2C 3 C 17 Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can combine to form ________ A water molecules by the atoms sharing charged protons between their nuclei B water molecules by the atoms sharing neutrons between their nuclei.
C iron oxide molecules by the atoms sharing electrons between the atoms D water molecules by the atoms sharing charged electrons between the atoms C17Ans 3D
Chapter 18 1. C18 ___________tries to make the atom nucleus fly apart while _________holds it together A Electrical charge repulsion; the gravitational force B the nuclear force; while positively charged particles in the nucleus C Electrical charge repulsion; the nuclear force C18Ans !C 2 C18 The nuclear force is a _________. A short range attractive force acting within the nucleus B long range attractive force acting outside the nucleus between atoms C short range repulsive force acting within the nucleus C18Ans 2A 3
C18 A B C
Antimatter contains _________ and __________. positively charged antiprotons and negatively charged antielectron (positrons) negatively charged antiprotons and negatively charged antielectrons (positrons) negatively charged antiprotons and positively charged antielectrons (positrons)
C18Ans 3C 4 C18 There is _________ matter (like we have on Earth) in the universe compared toantimatter.---. A much more B much less C an equal amount of D Wrong! There is only one kinds of matter! C18Ans 4A
Chap, 19 1 C 19 Which A B C D E
of the main sequence stars below has the shortest main sequence lifetime? 0.1 Solar Masses. 1 Solar Masses. 2 Solar Masses. 4 Solar Masses. 8 Solar Masses.
C19Ans 1E 2 C 19 Right at the end of its main sequence life, a star like our Sun has formed a core of _________ Pick the best answers. A hydrogen. B Helium. C Carbon. D Iron.
C19Ans 2B 3 C 19 When size of _____. A B C D
a main sequence star like our Sun becomes a red giant, it will change to about the Pick the best answer. Earth. the sun. Earth's orbit. the distance of the nearest star.
C19Ans 3C 4 C 19 Fusion giant stars. A B C
of ..................... atom nuclei to ......................occurs in the very center of red hydrogen: helium. helium; hydrogen. helium; carbon and oxygen.
C19Ans 4C 5 C 19 Just before it ejects a planetary nebula, a star is a A red giant. B black hole. C white dwarf. D super nova. C19Ans 5A 6 C 19 White dwarf stars are formed from A the most massive main sequence stars. B lower mass main sequence stars. C A main sequence star stays a main sequence star forever. D Main sequence stars are formed from white dwarf stars. C19Ans 6B 7 C 19 A white dwarf star is prevented from collapsing by A nuclear energy it is generating. B its gravitational force. C Hubble's law of extragalactic redshifts. D degenerate matter pressure. E degenerate astronomers observing the star. C19Ans 7D 8 C 19 Which A B C D
kind of star below does NOT have nuclear fusion processes occurring in it? red giant. main sequence. white dwarf. massive main sequence.
C19Ans 8C 9 C 19 What kind of star would NOT be found in a very old cluster of stars? A red giant.
B C D
low mass main sequence star. massive blue main sequence star. white dwarf.
C19Ans 9C 10 C 19 Which of the kinds of stars below would you expect to find in a 11 billion year old globular cluster of stars? A cool, low luminosity main sequence stars. B white dwarfs. C neutron stars. D red giants. E all of the above. C19Ans 10E 11 C 19 The central star in a planetary nebula A is a main sequence star. B is a pre-main sequence proto-star. C is a neutron star. D will become a white dwarf. C19Ans 11D 12 C 19 A massive red giant of 20 solar masses will eventually A form an energy absorbing iron core then explode as a Type II supernova. B become a white dwarf then explode as a Type I supernova. C become a planet D become a main sequence star. C19Ans 12A 13 C 19 The object left behind after the 1054 AD supernova explosion has been observed at the center of the Crab nebula. The object is a A white dwarf. B neutron star. C red giant. D proto-star. C19Ans 13B 14 C 19 The supernova explosion of a massive red giant star will create and eject A hydrogen only. B helium only. C no elements at all. D all the elements including those necessary for life. C19Ans 14D 15 C19 Blue white dwarf stars like Sirius B which are hotter than the Sun emit much less energy per second than our Sun are about the size of A Earth. B the sun. C Jupiter's orbit. D our solar system.
E the distance to our nearest star. C19Ans 15A. 16 C 19 Keep in mind that this all involves Einstein’s famous equation E=mc2 where E is the equivalent energy released by transforming the mass m in the sequence of nuclear fusion reactions. ____________ of hydrogen atom nuclei to helium replace the heat the sun ____________ to keep it in equilibrium. A Nuclear fusion reactions; loses into space B Nuclear fusion reactions; gains from empty space C Chemical reactions; loses into space D Chemical reactions; gains from empty space E Nuclear fission; loses into space C19Ans 16A 17 C19 The high temperature and density at the center of the Sun create ____________to balance _______ A high pressures; the gravitational weight of overlaying layers. B low pressures; the gravitational weight of overlaying layers. C high pressures; the gravitational lift of overlaying layers. D low pressures; the gravitational lift of overlaying layers. E Wrong! Temperatures are extremely low at the Sun’s center. C19Ans 17A 18 C 19 The visible light emitting disk of the Sun as seen from the Earth is called the ____________. A corona. B core. C photosphere. D chromosphere. E corona. C19Ans 18C 19 C19 The differences between the different spectral types of stars are primarily due to ____________. A temperature. B element composition. C having an emission line spectrum only C19Ans 19A 20 C19 The sequence of spectral types from hot to cold is ............................ A ABCDEFG. B GFEDCBA. C OBAFGKM. D MKGFABO. . C19Ans 20C 21 C19 Spectral type M stars are about ...................................... in surface temperatures.
A B C D
3000° K. 30,000° K. 300,000° K.. 3,000,000° K
C19Ans 21A 22 C19 Spectroscopic observations and other techniques reveal that surfaces of most stars are primarily made of the element ____________. A iron. B oxygen. C carbon. D helium. E hydrogen. C19Ans 22E 23 C19 In the A B C D
Hertzsprung Russell (HR) diagram stars are plotted according to their mass against color H against R luminosity against mass luminosity against spectral type
C19Ans 19D 24 C 19 The most luminous main sequence stars are ...........................than the least luminous main sequence. A bluer and more massive B bluer and less massive C redder and more massive D redder and less massive. E none of the above. C19Ans 24A 25 C 19 Major A B C D
different kinds of stars on the HR diagram are ....................................... white dwarfs red giants. main sequence. All of the above.
C19Ans 25D 26 C19.................................. of hydrogen atom nuclei replace the heat a main sequence star........................................... to keep it in equilibrium. A Nuclear fusion reactions; loses into space. B Nuclear fusion reactions; gains from empty space. C Chemical reactions; loses into space. D Chemical reactions; gains from empty space. E Nuclear fission; loses into space. C19Ans 26A 27 C 19 The main sequence in the H-R diagram is made up of A only hot bright stars which are fusing H to He in their cores. B only cool dim stars which are fusing H to He in their cores.
C D
both hot bright and cool dim stars which are both fusing H to He in their cores. only collapsing gas cloud proto-stars which have no H to He nuclear fusion.
C19Ans 27C
Chapter 20 1 C 20 The Milky Way was first observed to be made of a multitude of stars by ________________ using a telescope. A Ptolemy. B Aristarchus. C Tycho Brahe. D Galileo. E Shapley. C20Ans 1D 2 C 20 Because our Sun is in the middle of the disk of our Galaxy we see the faintest stars __________ and the brighter stars __________ A in a band around the sky; also in a band around the sky. B in a band around the sky; all over the sky. C all over the sky; all over the sky. C29Ans 2B 3 C 20 Herschel's "star gauging" led him to the "grindstone" or pancake picture of the galaxy with the sun at its center. He was misled by A the large number of stars in the direction of the Milky Way. B the small number of stars at right angle to this direction. C the faint invisible stars. D obscuration of stars by dust. E he was not misled; we still hold this picture. C20Ans 3D 4 C 20 The astronomer Shapley located the center of our galaxy by studying the distances and directions of A dust clouds. B regions of ionized hydrogen. C globular clusters. D planets. E young bright blue stars. C20Ans 4C 5 C 20 The disk of our galaxy consists of A the nine known planets. B only stars. C stars, dust, and hydrogen gas. D quasars. E only black holes. 6. C 20 Our Milky Way Galaxy is about. . .. Pick the best answer.
A B C D E
1 light year across. 10 light years across. 100 light years across. 1000 light years across. 100,000 light years across.
C20Ans 6E 7 C 20 Globular clusters are located in the __________ of our Galaxy. Young stars are in _______ A halo; the halo also. B halo; the disk. C disk; the disk also. D disk; the disk. C20Ans 7B 8 C 20 Our sun A B C D
________ the center of our galaxy. is falling straight into the center , taking 250 million years. is traveling straight out away from, taking 250 million years to leave. takes about 250 million years to make an approximately circular orbit around. takes about one year to make an approximately circular orbit around.
C20Ans 8C 9 C20 The number of stars in our Milky Way Galaxy is about A 1000. B 10,000. C 100,000,000,000. D 100. E 10. C20Ans 9C
Chapter 21 1 C 21 From the distances (D) of galaxies and their speeds (V) away from our galaxy, the age of the universe is approximately A DV. B D/V. C V/D. D 1/(DV). C21Ans 1B 2 C21 The Great Nebula in Andromeda (M31) was found to be very far away by A comparing absolute to apparent magnitudes of Cepheid variable stars. B comparing absolute to apparent magnitudes of RR Lyrae variable stars. C measuring parallaxes of stars in M31. D getting radar echoes off stars in M31. C21Ans 2A 3 C 21 Which one of the words below is a name for a type of galaxy in the Hubble classification system?
A B C D E
red giant visual spiral 21 centimeter statuesque
C21Ans 3C 4 C 21 Which A B C D
one of the galaxy types listed below has no disk? E0 Sc SBc SBb
C21Ans A 5 C 21 Which A B C D
one of the galaxy types listed below has a disk? E0 Sc E7 E5
C21Ans 5B 5 C 21 Our galaxy, the Milky Way, can be classified as which one of the following galactic types? A spiral B barred spiral C elliptical D red giant C21Ans 5A 6 C 21 The difference between Sc and Sa type galaxies is that A Sc galaxies have spiral arms while Sa galaxies have none. B Sc galaxies have more open (i.e. less tightly wound spiral arms) than Sa galaxies. C Sc galaxies have more tightly wound spiral arms than Sa galaxies. D Sc galaxies have no stars while Sa galaxies have 10^13 stars. C21Ans 6B 7 C 21 Hubble and Humason found observationally that the ______ a galaxy was, the faster it travelled ______ us. A more distant, toward us B more distant; away from s C closer; toward us D closer; away from us C21Ans 7B
Chapter 22 1 C 22 The Local Group is. . . A our solar system. B the sun and nearby stars.
C D
our galaxy. our galaxy and its nearby neighbors.
C22Ans 1D 2 C 22 Clusters A B C D
of galaxies are found in the spiral arms of our galaxy. in globular clusters. in the nucleus of our galaxy. outside our galaxy
C22Ans 2D 3 C 22 Which arrangement is correct in increasing order of size left to right? A Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group, Cluster of Galaxies B Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy, Cluster of Galaxies C Cluster of Galaxies, Milky Way Galaxy, Local Group D Cluster of Galaxies, Local Group, Milky Way Galaxy C22Ans A
Chap. 23 1 C 23 One explanation of the dark sky Olber's Paradox is that light can reach us only from objectsCin space out to a distance in light years _______ the age of the universe in years. A much less than. B much greater than. C equal to. D less than or equal to. E greater than or equal to. C23Ans 1D 2 C 23 The present-day recession of the galaxies away from one another ________ dark energy, which dominates the present-day energy content of the universe. A is being accelerated (or speeded up) due to. B is being decelerated (or slowed) due to. C is not being affected. C23Ans 2A 3 C 23 ______________founded the theory of the expanding universe A Alexander Friedmann B Georges Lemaitre C Albert Einstein C Answers A and B but not C C23Ans 3C
Chap. 24 1 C 24 A very early "super rapid" inflation of the universe must have occurred because:________
A The universe is isotropic i.e. the same general properties in opposite directions which are (and were) farther apart in light years than the age of the universe now (or at any time after the Big Bang). B To be isotropic the parts of the universe had to have interacted via particle motions and intense light. C Today’s parts of the universe in opposite directions had to have once been very close in light years (less than the age of the universe back then). D All three of these (A, B and C) must be true C24Ans 1D 42 C 24 The 3° Kelvin radiation is thought to have originated in A nearby galaxies today. B gravitational repulsion. C white dwarfs. D the Big Bang long ago. E the liquid cores of asteroids. C24Ans 2D 3 C 24 The observed 3° Kelvin radiation A has a continuous thermal spectrum. B has almost the same intensity over the whole sky. C has its peak in the microwave spectral region. D originated from a gas at a temperature of about 3000 K. E All of the above are true. C24Ans 3E 4 C 24 Astronomers believe that the hydrogen atoms in your body were created A in the planets. B inside exploding stars. C in the sun. D in the big bang. E in neutron stars. C24Ans 4D 5 C 24 Astronomers believe that the iron atoms in your blood were created A in the planets. B inside exploding stars. C in the sun. D in the big bang. C24Ans 1D
Chap, 25 1 C 25 The Coma Cluster and other clusters of galaxies’ masses can be calculated from A velocities of galaxies in them, and their sizes. B gravitational lensing of distant galaxies beyond the clusters C temperature and size of the hot gas in the cluster D all of A, B, C C25Ans D
2 C 25 Dark matter was found in ______ via its __________. A stars; gravitational effect B planets; spectral absorption lines C the Coma cluster of galaxies; gravitational effect D the Coma clusters of galaxies; shapes of galaxies C25Ans 2C 3 C 25 Astronomers calculate that there ________ mysterious dark matter as ordinary matter. Pick the best answer. A 5 times as much. B an equal amount of. D 1/5 as much. E 1/10 as much. C25Ans 3A 4 C 25 This is a thought question. .By means of optical and radio telescopes astronomers can see light emitted from distant objects as they A are right now. B will be in the distant future. C were in the distant past. D All of the above. E None of the above. C25Ans 4C
Chap. 26 1 C26 The giant black hole at the center of our Milky Way Galaxy can be calculated from the _____ of stars around it and is about______ solar masses. A orbital sizes and periods; 4 million. B colors 4 million. C rotation orbital periods; 4000. D colors; 4000 C26Ans 1A 2 C 26 The most notable feature of Seyfert galaxies is A the spiral arms. B the supernova rate. C the mass. D the bright nucleus. C26Ans 2D 3 C 26 The most notable feature of radio galaxies is A jets of emission. B lobes of radio emission far from the galaxy. C accretion disk. D all of the above.
C26Ans 3D 4 C 26 Radio galaxies are thought to have _______in their centers. A massive black holes. B the Local Group. C a cluster of galaxies. C26Ans 4A 5 C 26 Astronomers who discovered quasars found that they show ________ of their spectral lines and are thus probably much ________ than nearby galaxies. A large red shifts, farther away. B large blue shifts, farther away. C no wavelength difference, nearer. D large red shifts, nearer. E large blue shift, nearer. C26Ans 5A 6 C 26 Jet-shaped regions of radio and optical emission have been observed in A quasars. B radio galaxies. C the 3° Kelvin radiation. D both a and b. C26Ans 6D
Chap. 27 1 C 27 The _____ stars in our Milky Way Galaxy are found in the ______ A newly formed stars; disk gas clouds B newly formed: spiral arms. C Both A and B C27Ans 1C 2
C 27 Our Galaxy is thought to be about _______years old. Pick the best answer. A 12 B 1200 or one thousand two hundred C 1,200,000 or one million two hundred thousand. D 1,200,000,000 or one billion two hundred thousand. E 12,000,000,000 or twelve billion.
C27Ans 2E 3 C 27 A thought question: Our Galaxy has changed with time! Planets around the old stars in our Milky Way Galaxy are thought to be less suitable for life compared to the planets of later stars (like our Sun) because _______. A of lack of H B of lack of He. C of lack of heavier elements than H, He. D they don’t have any elements at all. C27Ans 3C
4 C 27 Astronomers got billions of years as estimates for the age of the universe since the Big Bang? Pick the best answer according to radioactive dating in the solar system, light travel times to most distant galaxies, time reversal of the Big Bang expansion, and observations of the 3 degree K radiation. A 1400 years. B 14,000 years. C 14,000,000 years. D 14,000,000,000 years. C27Ans 4d 5 C 27 Star formation in our galaxy’s disk at the present time is thought to be caused by interstellar gas compression in A spiral arms B planets. C globular clusters. D neutron stars. E the halo of our galaxy. C27Ans 5A
Chapter 28 1 C 28 A DNA molecule in a living organism’s cells A never be altered B changed or mutated by such things as damage from exposure to radioactivity. C be changed if the host cell is intelligent and determines that an alteration would help the cell survive. C28Ans 1B 2
C A B C D E
28 DNA molecules in a cell are constructed of amino acids. proteins. water molecules all of the above none of the above.
C28Ans 2 3
C28 DNA molecules contain patterns for the production of A proteins. B water molecules C both “A” and “B” D Neither “A” or “B”.
C28Ans 3A 4 C. 28 The following question requires the use of mathematics. A single human cell contains DNA strands whose length when extended is 1.5 meters containing 4.5 billion base pairs. How far apart are these base pairs in the DNA, in fractions of a meter? A 3.310-1 B 3.31010
C 3108 D 300 E 3.4 10-10 C28Ans 4E 5 C 28 The processes of a life form are A extraction of energy from the surroundings, B maintenance of the organism, C possible modification of the surroundings to promote survival. D All of the above C28Ans 5 6…. C 28 A life form A reproduces itself B contains information necessary for reproduction Both a and b. D Neither a or b C28Ans 6C 7 C 28 _______cells contain a nucleus while ____cells do not A prokaryotes; eukaryotes B eukaryotes; prokaryotes C both have nuclei D neither have nuclei C28Ans 7B 8 C28 The letters in the short acronym “DNA” refer to___ A “NA” located in the nucleus of the cell i.e nucleic acid B “D” deoxyribose (a sugar containing five carbons in a ring) C Both answers “a” and “b” C28Ans 8C 9 C 28 Sugar is A B C D E
molecules serve to string together bases to make up the DNA molecules. The base Adenine (A) guanine. (G) cytosine (C)e thymine (T) All of these.
C28Ans 9E 10 C 28 Life on Earth overwhelmingly uses _________to dissolve and transport chemicals A alcohol B sulfuric acid C nitric acid D water E All of these. C28Ans 10D
11 C28 The term ”reduction” means A reducing the size of the molecule B splitting a molecule to small parts C adding of electrons to the molecular structure D adding of protons to the molecular structure E adding of oxygen to the molecular structure C28Ans 11C 12 C28 Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Tymine are A Amino acids B Nucleotides C Nucleotide bases D Sugars E Nucleic acids C28Ans 12C 13 C28 Which one of these is NOT an essential component of the cell biology A Nucleic acids B Amino acids C Polymers D Enzymes E Nitrogen dioxide F Lipids C28Ans 13E 14 C28 Typical size of prokaryotic (bacterial and archaeal) cells would be in the range of A 1 nm B 1 µm C 100 µm D 1 mm C28 Ans 14B 15 C28 The protein synthesis process is called A Transcription B Description C Deciphering D Translation C28 Ans 15D 16 C28 All these molecules are related to the proteins synthesis process, except for what A messanger RNA B transfer RNA C ribosomal RNA D ATP synthase E anticodon F amino acid G polypeptide C28 Ans 16D
Chapter 29 1 C...29 The A B C D
interior of the Earth is studied by using __________________ infrared light waves. yellow light waves. seismic waves. gamma waves.
C29Ans 1C 2 C 29 The magnetic field of the Earth is thought to be generated by motions in its A atmosphere. B liquid water oceans. C solid surface. D molten iron interior. C29Ans 2D 3 C 29 The Earth is about ...................................years old by ___________. Pick the closest answer and method. A 4.5 billion years old: radioactive dating. B 4.5 million; measuring the Earth’s orbital period around the Sun. C 4.5 billion; measuring the Earth’s orbital period around the Sun. D 4.5 million; radioactive dating. C29Ans 3A 4 C 29 together.
On Earth, according to current ideas about plate tectonics,_................were once A B C D E
Africa and South America. Africa and North America. North America and Europe. All of the above. None of the above.
C29Ans 4D 5 C 29.. Evidence for the drifting of continents or plate tectonics on Earth is A the manner in which the outlines of continents fit together much like puzzle pieces. B the similarity of rocks found occurring along certain continental coastal areas. C the long, continuous ridges found in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean D. all of the above. C29Ans 5D 6 C 29 Which Terrestrial planet has the combination of rapid rotation, liquid interior, and strongest magnetic field? A Venus. B Mercury. C Earth. D Mars. E All the same.
C29Ans 6E 7 C 29 Which planetary fact(s) is (are) explained by the protoplanetary disk Solar Nebula theory? A the orbits are all about in the same plane B the orbits are all in the same direction C Jovian planets are mostly H and He D terrestrial planets are mostly rock and iron E All of the above C29Ans 7E 8 C 29 The crystal minerals found in meteorites show that the Solar System is about_______years iold. A 4,6 B 4,600 C 4.6 million D 4.6 billion C29Ans 8D
Chapter 30 1 C 30 Ancient organic molecules may have arrived on Earth from ______since they have been detected in _________ A space; meteorites. B space; Earth volcanic lava. C beneath the ground: meteorites. D beneath the ground: Earth volcanic lava C30Ans 1A 2 C 30 A large iron meteorite or asteroid striking the earth can create a A large crater B ice cap C large ocean D Wrong. There will be no effects C30Ans 2A 3 C 30 The Cretaceous extinction of many species 60 million years ago is thought to have been due to... A explosion of our Sun B explosion of the whole Earth C a major crater-creating eclipse of the Moon D a major crater-creating meteoritic impact . C30Ans 3D 4 C 30 One kind of left-over building blocks from the formation of planets in our Solar System are _ A galaxies B stars
C D
asteroids steroids
C30Ans 4C 5 Stanley Miller was a famous biochemist who, in the 1950’s, investigated the A Nucleic acids B Pathways for the origin of life C Chemical environments of the black smokers D Synthesis of small organic compounds from reduced gases C30Ans 5D 6 Which element is missing from this list of elements that are essential for the origin of life Carbon, Phosphorus, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen A Iron B Iodine C Sulphur D Manganese E Cobolt F Copper C30Ans 6C 7 The term LUCA means A Least Unknown Community of Ancestors B Last Unknown Communal Ancestor C Last Universal Common Ancestor D Last Uniform Community of Ancestors C30Ans 7C 8 It is now thought that the origin of life took place where A In the black smokers C In white smokers D On volcanic geothermal fields E In asteroids F In the atmosphere G In sea water, or on the shores C30Ans 8D 9 RNA molecules that can catalyse chemical reactions are called A Enzymes B Templates C Substrates D Ribozymes C30Ans 9D 10 Which of the attributes does NOT fit to describe the early Earth’s atmosphere A It contained high level of N2 B It contained high level of CO2 C It may have contained some amount of H2 and CH4 D It contained moderate level of O2
E
It was free of oxyge
C30Ans 10D 11 The eukaryotic domain of life arose from the A Prebiotic chemistry B LUCA C Bacterial domain D Domain of Archaea E Fusion of the two prokaryotic domains C30Ans 11E
Chapter 31 1 C 31 Which A B C D
planet has the most intense sunlight on it? Mercury. Venus. Earth. Mars.
C31Ans 1A 2 C 31 Which object most resembles Earth’s Moon’s surface in having the least geologic activity i.e. having a very old crater-covered surface and lack of currently active plate tectonics, and volcanoes? This lack is the result of a lack of internal heat. A Mercury. B Venus. C Earth. C31Ans 2A 3 C 31 The daytime surface temperature of Mercury is higher than the Earth's moon's surface temperature because A clouds shield the Earth's moon during the day. B Mercury is farther from the sun than the Earth's moon. C Mercury is closer to the sun than the Earth's moon. D the atmosphere of the Earth's moon has a strong greenhouse effect. C31Ans 3C 4 C 31 Whether or not a planet like Mercury can hold a particular gas in its atmosphere depends on the planet's A ice cap. B craters. C escape velocity. D distance from the sun as manifested in the temperature of the atmosphere. E Both c and d. C31Ans 4E 5 C 31 Which terrestrial planet has the highest pressure (thickest) atmosphere? A Mercury.
B C D
Venus. Earth. Mars.
C31Ans 5B 6 C 31 Which one of the below has an atmosphere consisting mostly of carbon dioxide? A Earth. B Mercury. C Earth’s Moon. D Venus. E none of the above. C31Ans 6D 7 C 31 Which one of the phrases below is the current explanation of why the surface of Venus is so hot? A Venus' poor reflectivity. B The action of the greenhouse effect caused by carbon dioxide. C Always keeping the same face turned toward the sun. D The action of the greenhouse effect caused by hydrogen. C31Ans 7B 8 C 31 As seen from Earth and the Hubble Space Telescope, Mars shows A a reddish color. B dark markings. C rotation. D white icy polar caps. E all of the above. C31Ans 8E 9 C 31...The canals of Mars mapped by telescopes on Earth were found to be A irrigation ditches dug by Martians. B faults in the Martian crust. C straight mountain ranges. D sinuous rilles. E an illusion. C31Ans 9E 10
C 31 Which planet has evidence for flowing liquid water in the past? A Mercury. B Venus. C Mars.
C31Ans 10C 11 C 31 Which of these does the Earth's moon NOT have because of its weaker gravity/smaller mass than the earth? A thick atmosphere. B liquid water oceans. C solid surface. D BOTH a & b.
E
BOTH b & c.
C31Ans 11D 12 C 31 The earth. A B C D
earth's moon has a much ..........surface than the earth because it has ........ than older, a smaller mass. older, a much closer distance to sun. younger, a smaller mass. younger, a much closer distance to sun.
C31Ans 12A 13 C 31 Compared to the earth, wind and water erosion on our moon is A more evident. B less evident. C the same. D not present. C31Ans 13B 14 C 31 The mainly rock and iron terrestrial planets are ...................while Jovian (Jupiter-like) planets are ________ A closer to the Sun; farther from the Sun. B less massive; more massive. C smaller in size; larger in size. D All of answers A, B, C. C31Ans 14A 15 C 31 Which planets do not have a solid surface? A Jupiiter. B Saturn. C Uranus. D Neptune. E All of the above do not. C31Ans 15E 16 C 31 Jupiter's Galilean satellite Europa has.................... more ________ on its surfaces than the earth's rocky moon because it ________ than the Earth’s moon. A ice, closer to the sun. B ice, farther from the sun. C rock, closer to the sun. D rock, farther from the sun. C31Ans 16B 17 C 31 Jupiter's Galilean satellite Europa has....................atmosphere as the Earth. A the same. B 5x. C 80x. D Wrong! This satellite has hardly any permanent atmosphere. C31Ans 17D
18 C. 31 Which of these objects has the smallest mass? A Jupiter. B Saturn C Jupiter's moon Io. D Venus. C31Ans18C 19 C 31 Which A B C D
of the objects below has the most volcanoes erupting at any given time? Earth's moon. Earth. Mars. Jupiter's moon Io.
C31Ans 19D 20 C 31 The close-in Galilean satellite of Jupiter, Io, has __________volcanic activity than the Earth's Moon due to_________ A much less; tidal heating effects of Jupiter. B much less; much less radiation from the Sun. C much more; tidal heating effects of Jupiter. D much more; much less radiation from the Sun. C31Ans 20C 21 C 31 Saturn's moon, Titan, has a dense nitrogen atmosphere while the planet Mercury does not. Titan is better able to hold an atmosphere than Mercury because A Titan's mass is much larger than Mercury's (equal to Jupiter's). B Titan is closer to the Sun than Mercury is. C Titan's mass is much smaller than Mercury's. D Titan is farther from the Sun than Mercury is. E Titan's atmosphere is much hotter than Mercury's. C31Ans 21D 22 C. 31 Which planet has rings? A Mercury B Saturn. C Venus. D Mars E All of these. C31Ans 22B 23 C. 31 Of the planets listed below, which one has the largest mass? A Neptune. B Venus. C Earth. D Mars. C31Ans 23A 24 C 31 ____________ has a mass SMALLER than the mass of ____________. A Uranus, Jupiter B Jupiter, Uranus. C Jupiter, Neptune. D Saturn, Earth
C31Ans 24A 25 C 31 Which of these is made mostly of hydrogen and helium rather than rock and iron? A Earth’s moon. B Mars. C Earth. D Jupiter. E Venus. C31Ans 25D 26 C 31 Which A B C
of these planets listed below is thought to have metallic hydrogen in its interior? Jupiter Earth. Mars.
C31Ans 26A 27 C. 31 Which of these have strong magnetic fields due to convective motions in an electrically conductive core? A Jupiter. B Earth. C Both A and B D None of the above C31Ans 27C 28 C 31 The A B C D
Great Red Spot is currently thought to be a sunspot that is hotter than normal. a surface feature on Mars. a great storm on Jupiter. a great storm on Saturn.
C31Ans 28C 29 C 31 Which planet would float in a bath tub of water on Earth if you could get it in the tub?
This is determined by the density relative to water’s A B C D
Mercury. Venus. Saturn. Mars.
C31Ans 29C 30 C 31 Which sunlight)? A B C
planet has the coldest layer at the cloud tops of its atmosphere (due to weakest Earth. Jupiter. Uranus
C31Ans 30C 31 C. 31 According to International Astronomical Union definition, there are planets in the Solar System A one
B C D
two eight nine
C31Ans 31C 32 C. 31 The solid nucleus or head of a comet is about the size of A Jupiter B the moon C Earth D much larger than any of the above E much smaller than any of the above C31Ans 32E 32 C. 31 Which one of the solar systems objects below has the smallest mass? A a comet B Jupiter C Mars D our moon E Venus C31Ans 32A 33 C 31 Meteor showers that occur at definite times of the year are thought to be debris of after the Sun has boiled all the nucleus ices away. A comets B asteroid collisions C satellites D planets C31Ans 33A 34 C 31 Compared to the planets (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune), The dwarf planet Pluto has. . . A the smallest mass. B the largest orbit. C the smallest size. D the most eccentric (elongated) orbit. E all of the above C31Ans 34 E 35 C 31 A B C D E
Which one of the solar system objects below has the smallest mass? Pluto Jupiter Earth’s Moon Earth Mercury
C31Ans 35A 36 C 31 Which of these objects has the smallest mass? A an asteroid
B C D
Mars our moon Venus
C31Ans 36A C37 C 3 1 The largest asteroid Ceres is about what size? It is also a dwarf planet. A 6000 miles (10,000 km) B 600 miles (1000 km) C 60 miles ((100 km) D 6 miles (10 km) C31Ans 37 B
Chapter 32 1 C 32 The first planet discovered around a sun-like star was discovered by cylclic variation of .______-A the star’s position on the sky B the star’s doppler shift C dips in the star’s light. D No planets have been found around sun-like stars C32Ans 1B 2 C 32 A large number of planets around stars in our galaxy star have been discovered by ______-A planets sending radio signals to us B stars changing into black holes C dips in the star’s light. D No planets have been found around stars C32Ans 1C 3 C 32 Astronomers have observed solar nebulae around stars representing formation of A our Solar System B other solar systems C Impossible: Our Solar System is the only one known and the solar nebula vanished long ago. D galaxies outside our own galaxy. C32Ans 3C 4 C 32 A. B. C D. E
The stars most likely to have inhabited planets are G to K main sequence stars. luminous, massive B to A main sequence stars. black holes. neutron stars white dwarfs and neutron stars.
C32Ans 4A 5 C 32 The life (habitable) zone of a star is A the region on a planet where conditions are acceptable for life to exist.
B. a region around a star where a planet has temperatures that permit the existence of liquid water. C where water can only exist as steam around a star D. where water anywhere on the planet is totally frozen into ice. C32Ans 5B 6 C 32 A. B. C
Main sequence stars___________ not likely to have planets that contain life________ much more massive than the sun are: because the lives of the stars are so short much less massive than the sun are: because the lives of the stars are so short Wrong. Planet that main contain life are most likely around neutron stars.
C32Ans 6A 7 C 32 This is a thought question. The number of communicative civilizations in our galaxy is limited by A. the size of our earth B. the survival time of technological societies compared to the age of our galaxy C 21-cm radiation which is undetectable D. their distance from Earth. C32Ans 7B 8 C 32 The Fermi paradox asks if ____ A the Milky Way Galaxy has such a long history with billions of stars and planets, why have not we been visited? B. the Solar System has such a long history with billions of asteroids, why have not we been visited? C the Sun has such a long history with billions of sun spots, why have not we been visited? C32Ans 8A
Chap 33 1 C 33 Astronomers think that the iron atoms in your body were created A in the planets. B inside exploding stars. C in the sun. D in the big bang. E in neutron stars. C33Ans 1B 2 C.33 Humanity has existed only, say, 2 million years out of the_________ year history of Earth and out of a ________age of the universe. Pick the best answer. A 4.5 thousand; 14 thousand. B 4.5 billion; 14 billion C 14 million; 4.5 million D 14 billion; 4.5 billion C33Ans 2B 3 C.33 The idea that the values of certain fundamental physical constants are “fine turned” to make the universe suitable for life is called the
A B C D C33Ans 3D
The Heisenberg uncertainty principle Hubble Law the inverse square law the Anthropic Principle
