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ExerSeat - Sensor-Supported Exercise System for Ergonomic Microbreaks Andreas Braun1, Ingrid Schembri2, Sebastian Frank3 1Fraunhofer
November 12th 2015
IGD, 2Aalto University, 3Hochschule RheinMain
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Agenda • • • • • •
Motivation Related Works Posture Recognition Using a Capacitive Chair ExerSeat Microbreak Training Prototype & Evaluation Conclusion & Future Work
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Motivation Trends • The disappearing computer • Physical disappearance - miniaturization and integration into everyday artefacts • Mental disappearance - technology moves to the background
• Smart objects • Integrate sensing and computing • Augment abilities of objects
• Hidden interaction • Explicit control • Implicit and context-aware
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Motivation Sensing • Which sensing technologies are invisible? • Active sensors that perform outside of perception • Passive sensors that detect effects of activities
• Stronger criteria • No exposition to the environment • Hidden sensors
Motivation Microbreak exercises • Back pain a common issue for office workers • Correlates with age • Most common reason for sick leave
• Ergonomic furniture • Mechanically versatile - fits to many body types • Prepared to support various postures
• Behavioral aspects • Frequent breaks • Change of postures
• Benefits of microbreaks • Improved well-being • Saves time and money for employers
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Agenda • • • • • •
Motivation Related Works Posture Recognition Using a Capacitive Chair ExerSeat Microbreak Training Prototype & Evaluation Conclusion & Future Work
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Related Works Capacitive Proximity Sensors • First used in the 1920s by Leon Theremin • Electronic musical instrument • Hands controlling pitch and volume
• How do they work? • Grounded objects change properties of an electric field • Human body can be considered a grounded objects • Periodic measurement of field capacitiance
• Most commonly used for touch sensing
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Related Works Smart Furniture • Health Chair (2013) • Integrating ECG sensing in arm rests • Breathing rate measurement using force sensors
Related Works Capacitive Chair • Work Activity Level • Intensity of movement • Creating activity graph
• Posture Classification • Six postures • Normalized sensor data • SVM classifier
• Breathing Rate Detection • Single large electrode • Dominant frequency in FFT
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Research Questions Capacitive Sensors in Chairs
Fine posture recognition • Beyond multi-class classification • Tracking of single body parts
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Support microbreaks • Posture-based exercise • Tracking leg and body movement • Training programs
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Piloting • Bring chairs into the wild • Usability after several months of use
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Agenda • • • • • •
Motivation Related Works Posture Recognition Using a Capacitive Chair ExerSeat Microbreak Training Prototype & Evaluation Conclusion & Future Work
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Posture Recognition Using a Capacitive Chair Capacitive Sensor Layout • Simplifed Human Body Model • Fifteen body parts • Ninety DOF • Reduced to 10 for our model
• Important parts for exercise tracking • • • •
Pelvis for sitting position on seat pan Thighs for leg movements Upper body movement (Arms for certain exercises)
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Posture Recognition Using a Capacitive Chair Capacitive Sensor Layout • Four sensors in back • Distance of upper and lower parts of back from chair • Back arched to left and right
• Four sensors on seat pan • Sitting in the front or back • Leg raises when sitting in the back
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Human Activity Sensing Posture • From general-purpose classification to process-based pose calculation
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Posture Recognition Using a Capacitive Chair First prototypes
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Agenda • • • • • •
Motivation Related Works Posture Recognition Using a Capacitive Chair ExerSeat Microbreak Training Prototype & Evaluation Conclusion & Future Work
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ExerSeat MicroBreak Training Supported Exercises
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ExerSeat MicroBreak Training Ghost Model
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ExerSeat MicroBreak Training Trigger Methods • Static time-trigger • Trainings starts after fixed amount of time has elapsed
• Dynamic time-trigger • Work activity module from capacitive chair • Time only ticks down when on chair
• Manual start of a training • Configurable time-span • Three presets - 45, 60, 90
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Agenda • • • • • •
Motivation Related Works Posture Recognition Using a Capacitive Chair ExerSeat Microbreak Training Prototype & Evaluation Conclusion & Future Work
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Prototype
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Prototype
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Piloting Setup • Five ExerSeats • Ten users from VTT Operations Support Services • Exclusively female • Previous experience with video microbreak
• Overall 42 work days • Measuring • • • •
Success rate of trainings Preference of trainings Preference of trigger method System usability
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Piloting In the wild
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Piloting Results & Observations • 1133 trainings started - 751 succeeded • 603 manually started, 530 auto-triggered • High rate of aborted trainings (34%) • Low rate of denied trainings (14%)
• Back bend most popular (37%) • Squat & bend least popular (3%) • Usability considered low (average SUS score 53) • "We liked the system when it worked." November 12th 2015
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Piloting What can go wrong during piloting? • 80% of battery packs died
• Company IT prevents installation of software • Two participants were "let go" during the piloting • Some people mistreat chairs badly - one permanently damaged, one could be repaired after two week • It's non-optimal if the technical staff is a 3h flight from pilot site
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Evaluation Discussion
Fine posture recognition • From six distinct classes to several million postures • Normalization and calibration make this tranferable
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Support microbreaks • Six distinct exercises • Ten different training units • Various forms of triggers
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Piloting • Chairs brought into the WILD • High potential but far from being a product • Idea was valued highly execution was lacking
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Agenda • • • • • •
Motivation Related Works Posture Recognition Using a Capacitive Chair ExerSeat Microbreak Training Prototype & Evaluation Conclusion & Future Work
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Conclusion • Capacitive proximity sensors in a chair can detect postures with high granularity
• Training Units can be freely combined from six different exercises • System was used very actively - 5.4 trainings per user per day • "IKEA chairs are pretty uncomfortable."
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Future Work • More and better evaluation …
• Combination with other smart objects • Sensors in desk for work activities
