Experiments with Variants of Ant Algorithms - UPCommons

6 downloads 0 Views 431KB Size Report
A number of extensions of Ant System, the first ant colony optimization. (ACO) algorithm, were proposed in the literature. These extensions typically achieve ...
  

  

      

                           ! " #$% &'()*  + ,

              



                                     !  !                "!             

            #                 !    $         !        #     !          !          %              &#                        ! 



  

          

        

         

                

     



                  

  

 

   

 

                        !" #$                

                   !% # " & %' %( %" %&$)      !*$                 +                    

  ,  

                     ,                  

 ,       

       

      

      

 ,  

         

                   

  %

-

    

                    

        

,         .  . !( / 0$         

   .  1 .1 2                       

    

            

 

           .            

         .  !($   .  . !&$  3  .  . !%0 %*$ 

        .  !%$  4 5   .  !-$   

   

       

.1 !%/$     ,         .           

                          

  

 

   



6    7   .  7.    8      9  !%%$  +   .  +:     8   !--$         

;     1  4  7.  +:        

  <             

 

   7.  

           ,           .  7.      

=      !%%$       



 

  

              ,       

  

                  +:  <     



      

    6   

 

   > +:   

                     

                 



        

         

    <   +:                           

   2      6      

?   

    

    7.  +:  <          

.1   6         

?     

        ,            .   

          !%0 -% %*$ 2     6       +:  

.1 +      

 ,     7.  +:                     

          

    

.1 

       .   -   

.1    

           .1  . 2 .   (   7.  +:           .   # 5          .   "

! "  #" $ $  "

(

         $      

           '        '             

  



      

+  %>                         



         

      !" #$              

             

        

         

         

                      

               

      

    

 ,  

                     ,   

   ?  

    6            2                       

    

       6       

    

.1    

     

      

  

             5

    

.1  

              

                  

  

            

        

        

           +  %   

      



                              6     

          

6  1@ > +   

     )         

                , 



       2       

 

   !" #$       

   

  

  + 6   

   

 +  %    

                 

     

    

# 

     



    



      .1                >           

                                     

.1         

                

                  

.1                       A          

   

      

      >   2:                                       

   

       

  ,               6       7          

.1  6 +     .1  

   

             

         

         A            .1      

                     

.1B24                     

   

     6     

.1            

.1

 3 .  . !-' %0 %*$   

            .         .  . 

,     )   <   .    



    

        

      

   

  6      

       



   .      6 

   .> 2                                    > 

                        

             !  $ !  $    A     %    !  $ !  $ 

  A %       

                  

   ?   



     



        

             

              )         A '            



          

  C % A %    C D  - 

 D  A %            

    

 

         

        

 

! "  #" $ $  "

"

      E6         

             

 =         

   !%& %*$ 2 .         

  

                   7            !    $ E6     !%& %*$     

         .  

     

6              

    

    



     .        

   

       9    

      



            6     

  

    

    <    

 



          5     !%& %*$       6      3 .  



       

2        

                  ,        .   7   .  7. !%%$  +   .  +: !--$ 

   

          

6    

                    7.      <   

    

   +: 5             

=      

 

         

.1 

      

2 7. 



       ,    F           2            6     6    

.1    6    +     6        %      

    6  A     %      -

6     

   

    C %    C %    

  6      

   5     %  

           6  

   C   6           

  6                  C C (

         

  ,       

       2 7.          ,      ,          !%%$        

   =   7.              !%#$                    

    5

    

.1 2B.       # 6             2                          

    

&

+  ->       (     "     

   

     

  

      

                 

   :          # 6              - 6         2B.            4   

   

   ,   7.   # 6     

         

     - 6                

<   

   ,       

  

   

         

         

          

!       

2 +:         

          E=  %       

      +:  <   



 

             

,       

                

       

   ,      7                  ,              

  > E6     +:      

 

! "  #" $ $  "

/

 ,      =     

            

    

6                         

      

          

   



        ,   <    



     +:       +:        



        <     +:    

              

            



       

  1

     +:   ,    > 2    

               

     

  

     6 + 



                      

   

        

         

   

        

             ,6    

    ,    

  F  2    



   6    <    

      >   

      

      



                     ,   

  

    )   

                  

                      ,   

 



   

5     

         .1    .1B24 

6        "'' G7        -"& G4  HG 

6         &''          "''   

      -"            %-''   



 %'        2 

       

  

      

   ,             -'         ,    (                   #'  ,6             F     5     !%-$      



    =  "

    

+         

            

                  .   % 

             

.        !%*$   

      > 5   A -"   A %  

     A -  A '-  A %    A  - 

 =        



                        

             

     

    > 2 

,  -"           

    

0

 %>         ) !       *             !   +   !   !              ! !    ,-.-/ ,-.-/ ,-.-/ 01   2.334 2.334 2.340 0, 44.1 44.1 44.1 ,55 

 214/- 214/- 214/3 ,01  

2.4.0 2.4.0 2.4./ 230   )      "  -"    /" 

  

      (  /"    %-"  -  %-"    -"'   %    -"' 5  .  

 

                        !  "#!                

               

      "

      

       

7.      +  (        

         

          

      ,     ,       : 6                      +  

     

  

           

    

  E   ,              - 6   ) 

<   

   ,       6 #   .     ,          

     ,   

      

 %  %'     % H   



       

       .     



       

          

                   6    4   



          .   

   7.    

  GG.7.         ,         

     -     . 

        4    

 I 2  2B.                   # 6      

        

.1 5 J     

        ,          

   ,    5  <     

  

   ,  

   - 6        

 - 6   

! "  #" $ $  "

*

      $       '  

             

¼ '       ¼¼ '   ¼   '   ¼¼ 

       ! 6    





   

+  (>       7.  ->    %       77#"8     

   0                 % 9      +             !   77#"            ! !   0  -  5  ,-.-/ ,-.-/ ,-0.. 25 14: .,: /-4:   2.334 2.334 2.4// 053 0-1: 0.: 41,: 44.1 44,. 4424 3/5 44: .1: /.1:  

 1,: .,: /5-: 214/- 23515 2320. //0 2.4.0 2.442 20.0/ 3.1 53: .0: /1-:  

  

 - 6       

 - 6              

 +  #          

 

   ,           (  ,             

           

    6   

   

 %  , ) 

  

    , 

  Æ 

 -  ,  

      -   

 =   

  ,          2  



    (  ,      =          0&K  

 L 4            

    

 

     ,       

     (   

      

 ,         %   -) 

 =   

   



%'

    

+  #>              "      (

 ,        

      (   

             

,                 -  ,  ) 

        #  

    2       

           

    ,     .        -  ,     ,     ,         

               -      6 

     

 6          ,         



     5          ,  

 

 - 6             

           

 - 6      -  ,                  #  

     .                    

    ,               

    

6  

    

      7   

         

      

   ,       J     , 6     GG.7.      

  

     

     

   ,  

! "  #" $ $  "

%%

 (>    %       77#"8   0  -  #

     0                 % 9      +               !   77#"    ! !   0   ,-.-/ ,-.-/ ,-.11 2/5/: 10:   /03: 45: 2.334 2.334 2.4,/ 0-0 /50: 1/:  44.1 44-. 4451 3,, 214/- 23032 23520 //0 /,5: 23: 

  

/32: -2: 2.4.0 2././ 2./22 1/3

 #>    %       77#"8   -    

     %       77#"   -        -#  !           0                ! !   ! !   ,-.-/ ,-.-/ ,-.522 ,-.-/ ,-.-/ 0/   2.334 2.3/14 2.334 2.334 2.3/032  44.1 44.3 44-. 1/, 44.1 44.3 2.4 

 214/- 2302. 23-4/ 4/, 214/- 21/0. 3,1  

2.4.0 2.4,5 2.442 5/2.4.0 2.4-1 10/

                  2  

      

  6     2B.      ,      GG.7. 

         "        

    

 ,   

  > 

      ,                L            

   ,        



                2   6  

         ,     ,          ">       77#"        

                     

 $;     0               ! !    ,-.-/ ,-.-/ ,-.-/ 55   2.334 2.334 2.33/ 0-. 44.1 44.1 44.3 140  

 214/- 214/5 21/.. 34,  

2.4.0 2.4.0 2.40, 2-/

    

%-

 &>    % 

                   

  

GG.7.    +:              

GG.7.         ,  

 #  

     "   

   

          .



  

2                 

        2        

        ,           



         

+:   

! "  #" $ $  "

%(

 />       "#!             

   ,         ,                  

   

   ,   



   

           

  2       M  N  

   ,       

    

       H   



    

   +: 

   

                 )   

   ,            

       

   

         ,        

=     +       

       ,   +: 

                    

       

     + 

       

 <              

   

           

  

  Æ  

   , 

     

     

                            =           

6         

           



        =       

 2   



6              

        N   N     

            2              

    

               

  

      =           $ %    *        >7   = *?  6     = *    $!  " (      @  "(6=#

%#

    

 #0///#..0.1     !                A   B                             

   C0D E E  6

Suggest Documents