Factorization of Unfoldings for Distributed Tile ...

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them, like intersection and union and the new trimming operation. The product of7I BPs is defined in section 4, and extends the usual product of branching ...
Factorization of Unfoldings for Distributed Tile Systems Part 2: General Case Eric Fabre

To cite this version: Eric Fabre. Factorization of Unfoldings for Distributed Tile Systems Part 2: General Case. [Research Report] RR-5186, 2004.

HAL Id: inria-00071402 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00071402 Submitted on 23 May 2006

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INSTITUT NATIONAL DE RECHERCHE EN INFORMATIQUE ET EN AUTOMATIQUE

Factorization of Unfoldings for Distributed Tile Systems Part 2 : General Case Eric Fabre

N˚5186 May 2004

ISSN 0249-6399

ISRN INRIA/RR--5186--FR+ENG

Systèmes communicants

apport de recherche

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BP

minimal ABP

ABP

GABP

Trim

min

involutivity weak involutivity

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Unité de recherche INRIA Lorraine, Technopôle de Nancy-Brabois, Campus scientifique, 615 rue du Jardin Botanique, BP 101, 54600 VILLERS LÈS NANCY Unité de recherche INRIA Rennes, Irisa, Campus universitaire de Beaulieu, 35042 RENNES Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Rhône-Alpes, 655, avenue de l’Europe, 38330 MONTBONNOT ST MARTIN Unité de recherche INRIA Rocquencourt, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex Unité de recherche INRIA Sophia-Antipolis, 2004 route des Lucioles, BP 93, 06902 SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS Cedex

Éditeur INRIA, Domaine de Voluceau, Rocquencourt, BP 105, 78153 LE CHESNAY Cedex (France)         ISSN 0249-6399

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