Jul 24, 2000 - A pair of upstream sweep magnets will sweep the 120 GeV proton beam. ..... at 625 kHz from a power supply located on the floor of the AP0 ...
Fermilab
FERMILAB-TM-2120 August 2000 Fermilab-TM-2120
Beam Sweeping System )0%LHQLRVHN -%LHOLFNL )HUPL1DWLRQDO$FFHOHUDWRU/DERUDWRU\%DWDYLD,/86$ $&KHUHSDNKLQ2.XUQDHY ,+(33URWYLQR5XVVLD -'LQNHO &UHDWLYH'HVLJQV,QF2DN%URRN,/86$ -XO\
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INTRODUCTION
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120 GeV Proton Beam
PQ9B
Pulsed Magnet Li Lens
Li Lens Upstream sweep magnets
Target
Downstream sweep magnet
8 GeV Antiprotons
Figure 1. Major components in the target vault of the upgraded target station. Not shown are the pretarget SEM and the beam dump.
HIGH INTENSITY TARGETRY
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Y = ∫ Y (x)I(x)Y(y)I(y)dxdy
ZKLFKLQWHJUDWHVWR Y =
σx σy σ + σ2b 2 x
x
σ 2y + σ 2b
y
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r 2 + r20 r r0 2 E(r ) = exp − 2 I0 2σ σ
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σ = σ . ,QFUHDVLQJDPSOLWXGHRIEHDPVZHHSUDSLGO\UHGXFHVSHDNHQHUJ\GHSRVLWLRQIRU r0 / σ h QHDU7KHHIIHFWLVWKDWDVZHHSUDGLXVRIPPUHGXFHVWKHSHDNHQHUJ\ GHSRVLWLRQWRDERXW-JIRU[ SURWRQVSHUSXOVH>@7KLVOHYHORIHQHUJ\GHSRVLWLRQ LVOLNHO\WREHDFFHSWDEOHIRUUHOLDEOHRSHUDWLRQLQQLFNHOWDUJHWV+RZHYHUFRQWLQXHG LQFUHDVHLQVZHHSUDGLXVKDVDZHDNHUHIIHFWRQSHDNHQHUJ\GHSRVLWLRQDVWKHKHDW GHSRVLWLRQSURILOHEHFRPHVKROORZ K
1
0.8 Ni melting point 1000
0.6 Cu melting point
0.4
0.2
Maximum Energy Deposition (J/g)
Normalized Antiproton Yield
104
100
0
0.1
0.2 0.3 0.4 Beam spot sizeσ =σ (mm) bx
0.5
0.6
by
Figure 2. Scaling of yield (curve) and peak energy deposition (points with error bars) in the target for proton beam intensity of 5 x 1012 as a function of beam spot size. The values for energy deposition were taken from Ref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upgraded AP2/Debuncher (32 π mm-mrad acceptance, matched at the target), 2000 V lens voltage, and a 0.15-mm spot size.
1
Relative Heat Deposition
No sweep 0.8
0.6
r0 /σh = 2 0.4
r0 /σh = 4
0.2
0 0
1
2
3
4
5
6
r/σh
Figure 3. Effect of beam sweeping on the local energy deposition profile for an initially Gaussian energy deposition. Curves are for no sweep, and two ratios of sweep radius to the spot size σh of the energy deposition profile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× DWPP VZHHSUDGLXV DW× DWPPVZHHSUDGLXV DQGDW× DWPP VZHHSUDGLXV $KLVWRJUDPRIWKHUDGLDOGLVWULEXWLRQRIFROOHFWHGSDUWLFOHVDWWKHOHQVDQGWKHVZHHSPDJQHW LVSORWWHGLQ)LJXUH6ZHHSLQJWKHEHDPKDVQRVLJQLILFDQWHIIHFWRQWKHGLVWULEXWLRQ7KH DVVXPSWLRQVUHSUHVHQWRSHUDWLRQZLWKRSWLPDOOHQVWLPLQJ UHODWLYHSKDVHGLIIHUHQFHEHWZHHQ
5 10 -5
12
Yield into Debuncher
4 10 -5
5 x 10
1 x 1013 3 10
-5
2 x 1013 2 10 -5
1 10 -5
0 0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Sweep radius [mm]
Figure 4. Yield vs. sweep radius at three incident proton intensities. Beam spot size is adjusted to fix energy deposition at 800 J/g. Lens voltage is 2400 V. WKHEHJLQQLQJRIWKHOHQVFXUUHQWSXOVHDQGWKHWLPHRIWKHEHDPSXOVH DQGDUHODWLYHO\ODUJH $3'HEXQFKHUWUDQVYHUVHDFFHSWDQFHDSHUWXUHRIπ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
Normalized yield per bin
0.02
0.015
0.01
0.005
0 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
Radius [cm]
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1.1 Upstream sweep radius = 0 1
0.33
0.5
0.75 mm
Normalized yield
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 -2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Downstream sweep angle [mrad]
Figure 6. Yield as a function of downstream sweep angle for several sweep radii.
1.02 no sweep
1
Normalized yield
0.98 0.5mm, 2.2mrad 0.96 0.75mm, 3.3mrad
0.94 0.92
focal point of lens
0.9 0.88 0.86 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Distance from lens to center of sweep magnet [m]
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(b)
(a)
(d)
(c)
Figure 9. Local magnetic field structure for a 2-phase rotating-field sweep magnet. Current to horizontal pair of conductors has a cos(ωt) time dependence; current to vertical pair of conductors has a sin(ωt) time dependence. Field distribution is shown for (a) ωt=0, (b) ωt= π /12, (c) ωt= π /6, (d) ωt= π /4. A magnetic core surrounds the conductors. Dimensions are in cm.
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3
Longitudinal Position
3
2
2
1
0
100 200 Angle [degrees]
300
Figure 10. Shape of windings. The black curves represent one circuit, the gray curves represent the orthogonal circuit. Direction of current flow is indicated in one of the circuits.
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Figure 11. Sweeping magnet cross section. 0$56DQG&$6,0FDOFXODWLRQVRIHQHUJ\GHSRVLWLRQE\KDGURQDQGHOHFWURPDJQHWLF
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Figure 13. Line-integrated magnetic field distribution in the aperture of the rotating field magnet. 0 in horizontal scale corresponds to the vertical magnet axis. Horizontal scale is mm. Curve 1 is the field distribution in median plane. Curve 2 is measured at +7 mm vertically above median plane and curve 3 is measured -7 mm (below). Field measurements are normalized to field on axis.
Figure 14. Local magnetic field distribution in the aperture of the rotating field magnet. 0 - corresponds to the magnet vertical axis. Curve 1 represents the field distribution when the measuring coil is 2 cm inside the magnet end ring. Curve 2 is measured at 20 cm from the end ring. Magnetic measurements of the sweep magnet were performed with stretched wires. Ribbon cable was used to pick up the dB/dt signal along the whole magnet length and then was integrated to obtain a signal proportional to magnetic flux through the measurement loop. The signal amplitude was as expected. The line-integrated field distribution for three vertical planes is shown in Figure 13. The local field distributions in the median plane measured with a small pickup coil in two longitudinal positions is shown in Figure 14. POWER SUPPLY
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ω12,2 =
1 2 L3 L4 C3 C4
L3 C3 + L4 C4 + L4 C3 ±
(L C 3
3
2 + L4 C4 + L4 C3 ) − 4 L3 L4 C3 C4
DQG a1,2 = ±
1 − L3 C3ω 22,1
L3 C3 (ω12 − ω 22 )
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1
efficiency
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5 0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
inductance [µH]
Figure 17. Theoretical efficiency of energy transfer from capacitor C2 to the ringing sweep magnet circuit through the saturated inductance of the output switch L3.
20
15
10
5
0
-5
-10
Fig. 18. Scope picture of voltages in compression stages. Initial voltage = 1.8 kV. 1 first charging capacitor x 10. 2 - first compression stage capacitor. 3 - second compression stage capacitor. 4 - ringing circuit (magnet) voltage.
Fig. 19. Scope picture of currents in compression stages of power supply. Peak magnet current is 7 kA, corresponding to 2.2 kV. Vertical scale = 1 kA/div. Horizontal scale = 2 µs/div. 1 - SCR current. 2 - first compression stage. 3 - second compression stage. 4 ringing circuit (magnet) current.
*Present address: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 †Present address: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 >@)0%LHQLRVHN$EHDPVZHHSLQJV\VWHPIRUWKH)HUPLODEDQWLSURWRQSURGXFWLRQ WDUJHW)HUPLODE70 $XJXVW >2@P.P. Bagley, et. al.6XPPDU\RIWKH7H9:RUNLQJ*URXS ,in 6QRZPDVV&RQI >@&0%KDW190RNKRY&DOFXODWLRQRI%HDP6ZHHSLQJ(IIHFWIRUWKH)HUPLODE $QWLSURWRQ6RXUFH)HUPLODE70 >@S. C. O’Day and F. M. Bieniosek, *H9SEDU\LHOGPHDVXUHPHQWVDWWKH)HUPLODE DQWLSURWRQVRXUFH, Nuclear Instrum. and Methods A343, p. 343-350 (1994). >@&+RMYDWDQG$9DQ*LQQHNHQ&DOFXODWLRQRIDQWLSURWRQ\LHOGVIRUWKH)HUPLODE DQWLSURWRQVRXUFH1XFOHDU,QVWUDQG0HWKRGVS >@)0%LHQLRVHN6XPPDU\RIUHVXOWVIURPWKHEHDPVZHHSWHVWPRGXOH)HUPLODE ,QWHUQDO3EDU1RWH-XQ >@)0%LHQLRVHN%HDP6ZHHS0DJQHWZLWK5RWDWLQJ'LSROH)LHOG)HUPLODE,QWHUQDO3EDU 1RWH >8@C. W. Chen, 0DJQHWLVPDQG0HWDOOXUJ\RI6RIW0DJQHWLF0DWHULDOV 'RYHU1977), p. 474.
