Case studies of fiberglass window applications ... Applications of Fiberglass. •
Automotive...car bodies, such as the Chevrolet Corvette ... large profiles. – Any
transportable length parts .... Published By Oxford University Press In 1990.
Fiberglass for Fenestration
This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product. Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation. Thank you!
Copyright Materials This presentation is protected by US and International copyright laws. Reproduction, distribution, display and use of the presentation without written permission of the speaker is prohibited. © AAMA Fiberglass Material Council 2008
Learning Objectives • What is fiberglass • Performance characteristics of fiberglass • Pultrusion process • Manufacturing process and industry standards • Case studies of fiberglass window applications
What is AAMA? • A collection of scientific, business, engineering, production, sales and marketing people whose primary goal is to promote quality, confidence, and knowledge throughout the fenestration industry by representing window, door, skylight, curtain wall and storefront manufacturers and their suppliers • AAMA is a voluntary organization
AAMA’S Major Role • To develop standards and specifications for guidance of architects, builders and industry professionals • To influence code bodies for inclusion of key codes to better the industry and the marketplace • To develop buyer confidence in the quality, performance and reliability of the industry’s certified products.
What is FMC? Mission: To act as an information provider and promoter of fiberglass in the fenestration and related building products industry and provider of technical, regulatory, legislative, marketing and certification support to ensure that the appropriate standards are established, maintained and communicated for the benefit of the users and suppliers of fiberglass pultrusions and products.
Applications of Fiberglass Sustainable products for the world
From automotive to household fixtures
Applications of Fiberglass • Automotive...car bodies, such as the Chevrolet Corvette • Transportation...truck beds and armored vehicles • Aircraft…fuselage, propellers, nose cones • Boats…resistance to UV, saltwater & extreme heat and cold • Recreation…hockey sticks, golf carts, kayaks, travel trailers • Household Fixtures…shower stalls, laundry tubs, ladders • Environment…gas storage tanks, toxic chemical containers • Communications... fiber optic cables • Building and Construction…bridges, “H” & “I” beams, decking, rebar to resist corrosion, guard rails, light poles, manhole covers, tool handles, windows and doors
Advantages Of Fiberglass • Energy efficiency • High strength-to-weight ratio • Withstands extreme heat and cold • Suited for seacoast application • Resists moisture, scratching, denting, warping and impact • Attractive, complex integral shapes • Non-reflective, non-magnetic and non-sparking • Insect resistant • Dark colors in hot climates • Can be formulated for low flammability • Environmentally friendly finish options
Advantages of Fiberglass • Smooth operation • Low thermal expansion • Reduced sash sagging • Minimal sight lines • Large window units • Wind load resistance • Resistant to forced entry • Will not dent, warp, corrode • Unaffected by time or temperature
What is Fiberglass? Glass (sand) and resin strands • Low embodied energy • Energy efficient, non-polluting, low environmental impact • Low thermal expansion and contraction • Strong and durable • Withstands extreme heat and cold • Seacoast worthy • Superb condensation resistance • Resists atmospheric pollutants, chemical corrosion
What is Pultruded Fiberglass? Isometric View of Complex Pultruded Profile
What is Pultrusion?
Click link for You tube video
A Pultruded Profile
Advantages of Pultrusion •
• • •
High throughput rate – “Finished part” – Lines can produce profiles at 3 - 15 ft/min – More traditional line speeds range 3 - 5 ft/min High material usage (low process waste, low labor) Variety of reinforcement types, forms and styles with many thermosetting and thermoplastic resins and fillers Fabrication yields – Complex thin walled shapes – Extremely large profiles – Any transportable length parts
Fiberglass For Fenestration • Provides outstanding “U” factor • High performance finishes in a variety of colors –Powder and Liquid systems –AAMA specifications: 623, 624 & 625
• Can be refinished in the field • Extremely hard and scratch resistant • Environmentally friendly-green material
Thermal Performance of Fiberglass • High R-values/Low U-values • High condensation resistance • Reduces damage to walls • Helps achieve higher level of thermal comfort
Why Buildings? • Buildings consume: – 30% of all of our nation’s energy – 50% of all electrical energy • DOE to reduce building’s energy usage by 50% • AIA goal is “Zero Energy” by 2030
* Source: U.S. Dept of Energy and www.aia.org
What is Sustainability? • Meeting the needs of today without compromising the needs of future generations* • Resource-efficient manufacturing, product use, recycling & disposal • Minimizing the ecological impact of a building
*Source: U.N. Rio Earth Summit, 1992
Sustainability of Materials • Will it adversely affect health of occupants? • Will it need frequent replacement/repairs? • Are there impacts from mining or harvesting material? • Will it minimize energy use? • Toxic by-products created during manufacturing? • Renewable energy consumed during manufacturing? • Raw materials from rare or endangered resources? • Raw materials or mftg. locations far from building site? • Can the material be reused or recycled?
Average Annual Growth Rate of Window Materials 2007 to 2013F 120%
103%
100% 80% 60% 40% Growth
15%
20% 0% -20%
Fiberglass
Vinyl
Aluminum
-30%
-40% -60%
Wood
-44%
Source: AAMA/WDMA 2010/2011 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast
Window Usage in Residential Buildings 2007 – 2014 Forecast Total Construction (Millions of Units) 2009 2010 2011
2007
2008
2012F
2013F
2014F
Wood*
15.1
11.9
8.6
8.9
8.7
9.3
10.0
10.6
Aluminum
6.4
4.6
2.9
2.8
2.4
2.8
3.3
3.6
Vinyl
35.7
29.8
25.5
27.8
29.4
33.1
37.6
40.9
Fiberglass*
1.28
1.36
1.2
1.4
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.6
Other
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
Total
59.1
48.4
38.9
41.6
42.7
48.0
54.1
58.8
Source: AAMA/WDMA 2010/2011 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast
Patio Door Usage 2007 – 2014 Forecast (Thousands of Units) 2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012F
2013F
2014F
Wood*
1245
980
699
726
722
819
909
976
Aluminum
505
375
246
248
237
251
278
289
Vinyl
1785
1515
1296
1422
1498
1711
1956
2147
Steel
560
465
281
301
313
341
383
411
Fiberglass
200
180
160
178
196
233
290
332
Other
50
45
41
44
45
53
62
70
Total*
4345
3560
2723
2919
3011
3409
3879
4225
*Includes both aluminum and vinyl wood clad units and un-clad wood units. Source: AAMA/WDMA 2010/2011 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast
Fiberglass Windows and Doors Structural Testing AAMA/WDMA/CSA 101/I.S. 2/A440-08
Fiberglass windows and doors are tested to the same structural performance standard as aluminum, vinyl and wood windows
Fiberglass Windows and Doors Material Test Results Thermal Expansion 5.0 x 10-6 in/in/°F 100 in. sample at a temperature change of 100°F = 0.05 Modulus of Elasticity (PSI x 106)
3.0 Thermal Conductivity BTU/in/hr/SF/°F
2.08 Tensile Strength (KSI)
60.0 Source: Principles of Polymer Engineering; By N.G. Mccrum, C.P. Buckley, and C.B. Bucknall, Published By Oxford University Press In 1990.
Energy Star Program
Fiberglass windows and doors perform very well with the ENERGY STAR© program requirements
Energy Star® Climate Zones for Windows, Doors and Skylights
Energy Star® Qualified Windows and Doors Eligibility U-Factor1
SHGC2
Northern
≤0.35
Any
North/Central
≤0.40
≤0.55
South/Central
≤0.40
≤0.40
Prescriptive
≤0.41
≤0.36
≤0.42
≤0.31
Equivalent Performance (excluding CA)
≤0.43
≤0.24
Climate Zone
1. btu/h.ft2.°F 2. Fraction of incident solar radiation
Products meeting these criteria also qualify in the Southern zone
Energy Star® Qualified Windows and Doors Eligibility Climate Zone Southern
U-Factor1
SHGC2
0.65
0.40
Prescriptive
0.39
Equivalent Performance
0.66 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.73
0.38 0.37 0.36 0.35
0.74
0.34
0.75
0.33
1. btu/h.ft2.°F 2. Fraction of incident solar radiation
Window Usage in Non-Residential Buildings 2008 - 2014F (vision area, millions of square feet)
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012F
2013F
2014F
Site Fab Windows
151
118
96
79
83
100
129
Shop Fab Windows
113
95
82
70
75
92
120
Curtain Wall
118
99
77
65
67
78
100
Storefront
160
125
101
83
88
106
138
Total
542
437
356
298
313
375
488
Source: AAMA/WDMA 2010/2011 U.S. National Statistical Review and Forecast
Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study Boyne River Ecology Center • Designed to uplift the spirit, windows allow light and colors inside to change with the hours and the seasons • 1,020 square feet of windows, 308 square feet of skylights built with pultruded fiberglass with an overall U-factor of 0.125.
Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study Green-on-the-Grand • New office near Toronto (Canada’s first C-2000 project) • Window frames are assembled from fiberglass profiles filled with polystyrene insulation, chosen for their insulating value and low embodied energy • 30% window-to-wall ratio
Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study St. Ursula Academy • Toledo’s oldest all-female, Catholic college-preparatory high school • Installed in the late 1950s, 1300 single-pane steel windows had to be replaced • All units were glazed with 7/8" low-E/argon glass meeting the U.S. DOE Energy Star™ requirement of 0.35 U-value
Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study DOE/EERE Solar Decathlon • Uses the USGBC Indoor Environmental Quality and Indoor Air Quality guidelines: –Daylighting –Lighting quality –Thermal comfort –Acoustics –Occupant control of the building’s systems –Access to views
Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study Reed College
• Restoration project included replacement of original 200 windows • Restoration completed using pultruded fiberglass double hung retrofit frames
• Designed to fit with original décor • Selected because of energy efficiency, and low environmental impact
Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study DOE/EERE Solar Decathlon • Entrants design and build homes that can conserve sufficient energy over a fixed period of time to power all of the home’s electricity and operating amenities.
Fiberglass Windows and Doors Case Study DOE/EERE Solar Decathlon University of Virginia used fiberglass windows and doors in their home’s design • In 2002, achieved perfect scores for: • Energy Balance, • Design & Livability • In 2005, first place for: • Architecture & Dwelling
Fiberglass Windows and Doors
Structural Integrity
Fiberglass Windows and Doors
Energy Efficiency
Fiberglass Windows and Doors
Finish
Fiberglass Windows and Doors
Function
Fiberglass Windows and Doors
Flexibility
Fiberglass Windows and Doors
Life Cycle Costing
Fiberglass Windows and Doors
Sustainability
Fiberglass Windows and Doors • Energy Efficiency • Structural Integrity • Finish • Function • Flexibility • Life Cycle Costing • Sustainability • Overall Value
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