FUNDAMENTALS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
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FUNDAMENTALS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik Associate Professor School of Computer Engineering KIIT University Bhubaneswar, Odisha Manas Ranjan Kabat Reader and Head Department of Computer Science & Engineering VSS University of Technology, Burla Sambalpur, Odisha Souvik Pal Assistant Professor Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nalanda Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Odisha
Vikas® Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
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ISBN: 978 9325 976108 First Edition 2014
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To Dr. Rajib Mall : The Great Teacher — Prasant To Sree Sree Thakur Anukul Chandra: The Supreme of Love — Manas To Maa, Baba: Constant Sources of Inspiration — Souvik
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Fundamentals of Cloud Computing VII
Preface This introductory text in the area of cloud computing is primarily based on the work done by the author Souvik Pal during his M. Tech. Thesis. Cloud Computing is one of the emerging topics in Information Technology. Cloud Computing is also included in the syllabus of many universities. We, therefore, decided to work on a book on this subject for the benefit of the students and teachers. Some topics in this book are unique and based on published information which is current and timely. Some topics in this book are intended for readers who have no prior knowledge of this subject. So we believe that the book will be helpful to anyone who wants to learn cloud computing.
The book is organized into eight chapters, appendix and glossary. Chapter 1 provides basics of cloud computing, like the working principles of Cluster, Grid and Mobile Computing. Chapter 2 focuses on what Cloud Computing is and the services it provides and also the different deployment models of Cloud Computing. Chapter 3 describes the framework for Cloud Computing. Chapter 4 provides an overview of Virtualization techniques, Virtualization Model and how Virtualization is related to cloud computing. Chapter 5 presents different aspects virtualization procedure and the inter relationship among them. This chapter discusses the issues in scheduling, load distribution, energy efficiency, distribution pattern and also transactional approaches. Chapter 6 deals with the Live Migration Process in Cloud Computing. Chapter 7 is based on Cloud database issues like Relational-Non Relational, SQL-based-No-SQL data base. Lastly, Chapter 8 introduces ways to maintain privacy of the sensitive data and resources using an auditing concept within the third party provider to ensure data privacy and data integrity checks. There have been several influences from our family who have sacrificed lot of their time and attention to ensure that we are kept motivated to complete this crucial project.
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik is grateful to his father Late Ramanarayan Patnaik, Mother Smt. Jayalakshimi Patnaik, Father-in-law Er. Chittaranjan Mohanty, and Mother-in-law Late Renubala Mohanty for their blessings. He is also thankful to his wife Bismita and Daughter Prasannakshi for their love and support. Manas Ranjan Kabat is grateful to his Parents for their blessings, wife Arundhati for her unconditional love, patience and encouragement for this work. He is also thankful to his daughter Anamika and son Manish for their support.
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VIII Fundamentals of Cloud Computing
Souvik Pal is grateful to his father Prof. Bharat Kumar Pal and Mother Smt. Tandra Pal for their blessings and constant support. He is also grateful to his Grand Mother Late Sakhi Rani Pal, Grand Father Late Ajit Kumar Pal for their affection and motivation. He is thankful to his friend Smita Mukherjee for her encouragement and continuous support.
The authors are thankful to all the members of Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd especillay Mr. S. Verma, Mr. Nilabhra Poddar and Mr. Subhendu Sinha Roy for the given opportunities to write this book.
Above all God is Almighty.
Prasant Kumar Pattnaik
[email protected] Manas Ranjan Kabat
[email protected] Souvik Pal
[email protected]
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Content Chapter 1 Basics of Cloud Computing 1. Introduction 1.1. Evolution of Cloud Computing 1.2. Cluster Computing Environment 1.2.1. The Architecture of Cluster Computing Environment 1.3. Grid Computing Environment 1.3.1. Grid Related Technologies 1.3.2. Levels of Deployment 1.3.3. Architecture of Grid Computing Environment 1.4. Mobile Computing 1.4.1. Characteristics of Mobile Computing 1.4.2. Characteristics of Mobile Networks 1.5. Summary Exercise Further Readings
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2.1. Introduction 2.2. Popular Views 2.3. Characteristics of Cloud Computing 2.3.1. Elasticity and Scalability 2.3.2. Measured Metering and Billing of Service 2.3.3. Self-Service Provisioning of Resources 2.3.4. Application Programming Interface (APIs) 2.3.5. Performance Measurement Service 2.3.6. Device and Location Independency 2.2.7. Customization 2.3.8. Security 2.4. Need for Cloud Computing
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Chapter 2 Introduction to Cloud Computing
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2.5. Types of Cloud 2.5.1. Public Cloud 2.5.2. Private Cloud 2.5.3. Hybrid Cloud 2.5.4. Community Cloud 2.6. Cloud Services 2.6.1. Resource as a Service (RaaS) 2.6.2. Infrastructure as a Service 2.6.3. Platform as a Service 2.6.4. Software as a Service 2.6. Security Paradigms and Issues of Cloud Computing 2.7. Some Popular Cloud Service Providers 2.7.1. IaaS Service Providers 2.7.2. PaaS Service Providers 2.7.3. SaaS Service Providers 2.8. Summary Exercise Further Readings
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3.1. Introduction 3.2. Framework for Cloud Computing Environment 3.2.1. Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) 3.2.3. Life Cycle of Services in SOA 3.2.4. Integrating SOA and the Cloud 3.2.5. Cloud Framework 3.2.1. Framework Constraints 3.4. Workflow and Co-ordination of Multiple Activities 3.4.1. Need of Workflow 3.4.2. Examples of Workflow Tools 3.5. Summary Exercise Further Readings
31 31 33 34 36 37 40 41 42 43 43 44 44
Chapter 3 Cloud Framework
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Fundamentals of Cloud Computing XI
Chapter 4 Virtualization 4.1. Introduction 4.1.1. Needs of Virtualization in Cloud Computing Environment 4.1.2. Virtualization versus Traditional Approach 4.2. Virtualization and Virtual Machine 4.2.1. Advantages of Virtualization Technique in Cloud Computing Environment 4.2.2. Category of Virtual Machine 4.3. Virtualization Model for Cloud Computing 4.4. Categorization of Guest OS Virtualization Techniques 4.5. Mapping Technique of Virtual Machine to Physical Machine in a Private Cloud 4.5. Draw Backs of Virtualization 4.7. Summary Exercise Further Readings Chapter 5 Classification of Virtualization Environment
5.1. Introduction 5.2. Classification 5.2.1. Scheduling-based Environment 5.2.2. Load-Distribution-Based Environment 5.2.3. Energy Aware-Based Environment 5.2.4. Operational-Based Environment 5.2.5. Distributed Pattern-Based Environment 5.2.6. Transactional-Based Environment 5.3. Summary Exercise Further Readings
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Chapter 6 Live Migration of Virtual Machines 6.1. Introduction 6.2. Need of Live Migration of Virtual Machine 6.3. Advantages of Live Migration 6.4. An Designing Process of Live Migration 6.4.1. Live Migration Process 6.5. Security Issues 6.5.1. Possible Attacks 6.6. Summary Exercise Further Readings
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7.1. Introduction 7.2. Non-Relational Data Models 7.2.1. Transactions in Cloud Databases 7.2.2. Advantages of Cloud Database 7.3. Heterogeneous Databases in DaaS 7.4. MongoDB 7.4.1. Data Model 7.4.2. Replication 7.4.3. Sharding 7.4.4. Architecture 7.4.5. Consistency 7.4.6. Failure Handling 7.5. CAP Theorem 7.6. Issues in Live Migration of Databases in Cloud Computing Environment 7.6.1. Cloud Database Classification based on Transaction Processing 7.7. Commercial Available Cloud Database Platform 7.8. Summary Exercise Further Readings
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Chapter 7 Cloud Database
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Chapter 8 Auditing 8.1. Introduction 8.2. Data Security in Cloud Computing Environment 8.2.1 Characteristics of a Secure Cloud Computing Environment 8.2.2. Need for Auditing in Cloud Computing Environment 8.2.3. Auditing Background within Third Party Service Provider 8.3. Cloud Auditing Outsourcing Lifecycle Phases 8.4. Auditing Classification 8.5. Auditing Service 8.6. Summary Exercise Further Readings
Appendix I CloudSim: A Simulator for Cloud Computing Environment Appendix II Some of the Applications of Wireless Sensor Network in Cloud1 Glossary
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