Gender differences in job assignment and promotion in a ... - IZA

Bi?_ih _gihi?Uit ? LM @tt}?4i?| @?_ ThL4L|L? ? @ UL4T*i |) *@__ih Lu LMt AL4@t i!!@h?i?_: a@?@ V@h|@?i? a@?@h) 2ff2

Mt|h@U| Ai T@Tih t|_it }i?_ih _gihi?Uit ? |i @**LU@|L? Lu Lh!iht |L |@t!t Lu _gihi?| UL4 T*i |) t?} T@?i* _@|@ uhL4 @ hiThiti?|@|i t@4T*i Lu 6??t 4i|@*Lh!iht _h?} bbfbbD 6??t 4i|@* ?_t|h) _@|@ ThL_i @ UL?|?Lt 4i@thi Lu |i UL4T*i |) Lu |i Lh!ih , zkhuh  lv d vkliwhu vxfk wkdw CI@C A 31 Ghqh Ii +$,  I +$> i , dqg Ip +$,  I +$> p , dqg dvvxph wkdw p A i zklfk lpsolhv wkdw Ip +$, A Ii +$,1 Wkh uvw wklqj wr qrwlfh lv wkdw dv zh dvvxphg wkdw wkh lqlwldo wdvn dvvljqphqw grhv qrw lqfoxgh dq| wudlqlqj/ wkh glhuhqfhv lq rxwvlgh rssruwxqlwlhv gr qrw sod| dq| uroh wkhuh1 Wklv phdqv wkdw wkhuh duh qr jhqghu glhuhqfhv lq wkh hhfwlyh delolw| dprqj wkh zrunhuv lq wkh vdph wdvn lpphgldwo| diwhu wkh lqlwldo wdvn dvvljqphqw1 Krzhyhu/ wkh surprwlrq ghflvlrqv duh dhfwhg e| glhuhqw glvwulexwlrqv ri rxwvlgh rswlrqv ehfdxvh wkh wudlqlj lqyhvwhg rq d zrunhu zkr ohdyhv lv orvw1 Glhuhqwldwlqj 7 zlwk uhvshfw wr  dw   |lhogv= U  5  i +{w .5, CI +$>, g$ g  C  i +{w .5, @  g CG+ > {w ,@C zklfk lv qhjdwlyh vlqfh CG+  > {w ,@C A 31 Wkxv  ghfuhdvhv wkh surprwlrq wkuhvkrog ydoxh ri lqqdwh delolw|   dqg ehfdxvh p A i zh kdyh wkdw  p ?  i 1 Vr zrphq qhhg wr kdyh d kljkhu ohyho ri lqqdwh delolw| wkdq phq lq rughu wr eh surprwhg1 Vlplodulo| glhuhqwldwlqj zlwk uhvshfw wr  dw {w |lhogv= g{w @ g

U  5 i +{w .5, i +{ w .5,

CI +$ >, C

g$

CG+> {w ,@C{w

zklfk lv dovr qhjdwlyh vlqfh CG+> {w ,@C{w A 3 1 Wkxv zh kdyh wkdw {p ? {i 1 Zrphq dovr qhhg d orqjhu oderxu0pdunhw h{shulhqfh wkdq phq lq rughu wr eh surprwhg1 Wkxv dv wkh glvwulexwlrqv ri lqqdwh delolw| dqg oderxu0pdunhw h{shulhqfh duh wkh vdph iru erwk phq dqg zrphq zh vkrxog h{shfw wr vhh ohvv zrphq surprwhg Vlqfh phq dqg zrphq kdyh glhuhqw surprwlrq wkuhvkrogv wkh| kdyh glhuhqw zdjh glhuhqwldov : wkdw lqgxfh hflhqw vhohfwlrq wr wdvn D lq shulrg w . 41 Qdpho|/ wkh zdjh vsuhdg iru zrphq vkrxog eh kljkhu1 Wkxv/ d rqh zd| wr lqgxfh hflhqw surprwlrqv zrxog eh wr sd| jhqghu vshflf zdjhv lq shulrg w . 4 dqg ohw zrunhuv fkrrvh mrev iuhho|1 Krzhyhu/ lq dq| nlqg ri uhdolvwlf vhwwlqj jhqghu vshflf zdjhv duh qrw ihdvleoh ehfdxvh ri dqwl0glvfulplqdwur| ohjlvodwlrq dqg wkh hpsor|hu lv irufhg wr xvh wkh vdph zdjh vsuhdg iru doo wkh zrunhuv1 Dvvljqphqw ri zrunhuv wr mrev dqg xvh ri glhuhqw surprwlrq fulwhuld 8

iru phq dqg zrphq e| wkh hpsor|hu1rhuv d zd| durxqg wklv sureohp1 Khqfh/ dv zrphq kdyh wr phhw d kljkhu surgxfwlylw| fulwhulrq wkdq phq lq rughu wr eh surprwhg wkh zdjh lqfuhdvh lv rq dyhudjh kljkhu iru surprwhg zrphq wkdq iru surprwhg phq1 Wr vxppdul}h/ lq d prgho zkhuh phq dqg zrphq duh rwkhuzlvh lghqwlfdo zkhq lw frphv wr wkhlu srugxfwlyh fkdudfwhulvwlfv exw zrphq kdyh d frpsdudwlyh dgydqwdjh lq qrq0pdunhw dfwlylwlhv zrphq kdyh wr phhw d kljkhu surgxfwlylw| fulwhulrq lq rughu wr eh surprwhg wr pruh frpsoh{ wdvnv1 Frqvhtxhqwo| zh vkrxog revhuyh ohvv zrphq wkdq phq surprwhg dqg surprwhg zrphq vkrxog jdlq kljkhu zdjh lqfuhdvhv xsrq surprwlrqv wkdq phq1 Lq wkh iroorzlqj vhfwlrqv zh zloo dqdo|}h surprwlrq udwhv dqg zdjh jurzwk zlwk gdwd iurp Ilqqlvk phwdo lqgxvwu|1

 7KH GDWD Wkh gdwd frph iurp wkh zdjh uhfrugv ri wkh Frqihghudwlrq ri Ilqqlvk Lqgxvwu| dqg Hp0 sor|huv +Whroolvxxv md w|‚ rqdqwdmdw,1 Hdfk |hdu d vxuyh| lv frqgxfwhg dprqj wkh phpehu hpsor|huv ri wkh frqihghudwlrq dqg wkh lqirupdwlrq lv jdwkhuhg lq wkh zdjh uhfrugv1 Wkh zdjh uhfrugv frqwdlq ghwdlohg lqirupdwlrq rq wkh zdjhv dqg zrunlqj krxuv ri doo wkh zrunhuv zkr duh hpsor|hg lq d up doldwhg zlwk wkh frqihghudwlrq1 Lq wkh fdvh ri phwdo lqgxvwu| lq Ilqodqg wklv fryhuv sudfwlfdoo| doo wkh upv lq wkh lqgxvwu|1 Zh zloo zrun zlwk d vdpsoh gudzq iurp wkh zdjh uhfrugv wkdw kdv ehhq xvhg lq d qxpehu ri vwxglhv rq Ilqqlvk zdjh vwuxfwxuh1 Lq wkh ruljlqdo vdpsolqj wkh |hdu 4