Room air was circulated at 23 room-volumes per hour atid filtered by ....
EXPERIMENT E. EXPERIMEN". (V/mffi. (V/m). GROUP 1: C. -GROUP 4z 20. (. (v/-
!sJ.
EXTREMELY LOW F QENCY ERTA r~ll 45G,- ELECTRIJC :FIELD EXPOS-URE of RATS A SEARCH FOR GROWTH, FOOD0, AN ATER -CONSUMPTIO-N, BLOOD' METABOLITE, HEMATOLOGICAL, -AND PATHOLOGICAL CH4ANGES del
N.Mathewson G. M. Qosta S. G. Levin S. S. Diczmond M. E. Ekcstrom
07t I.M7
JCT.
Approved for pttlhc
v*&qe;
diiorkb6wtori
unlimitg'd
AMM FOMCS RAPIOSIOLOGY RISEARCN INSTITUTE Defense Nuclear Ageacy i~te~d, Mrylnd20014
RE VIEWED AND "PPROVED
ANDREW P. OL&8CO
& T'1M
UsI10NU* Aaw~tio th, Crr,&.,s ,Guieof frabo~toi
CM01 ~b-osajtyP~iml RsouceatNato"IRoomaft, )nsttuWof
M
ittF
LASSI FIED
______UNC
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION Of' TIlS POGE (Iflin Dots Entercd
REPOT DCUMNTATON AGEREAD
ISTRUCTIONS
REPORT______________________PAGE_
______
BEFORE COMPLETING FORM
2.GOVT ACC'te~ S
ARI-SR77-2
/
Fr+_Ke fmidnu&*.a.
,c Aom
XEQUENCr
XTEMELY LO0W
TICALL, 45-Hz_'tLECTRICfE9LD EXPOSURE 0RATS. .4 SEAR ,CH FOR GROWTH,"-FOOD. ANIP.~
________
WATER CONSUMPTION, 'DLOOD MIPTABOITE D1EMATOLOGICAL, AND PATHOIJOGICAL CDNGES -~
-PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER CONTRACT.OR GRANT tUM9ER(w
'6+.'
-,
N. S., 4 vlathewson, G. M./9osta, S. G./Levin, 's. s. 'DiamondaW' M. E. /Ekstrom 9PEFRIGORGANIZATION NAME AND AOL.RESe,
PROGRAM ELMH4N TPROJECT, TASK~
10.
Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institt,,e II.
QAX 'vi
.NWED
CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AN!) ADDRESS--
Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA) Washington, D. C.
CA
.NMEO
20305__59____=
1.MONITORING AGENCY NAME &ADORESS(tt different from Controllng Office)
IS.
Commanding Officer U. S. Naval Medical Research and Development
SECURITY CLASS
L__
-J
UNCLASSIFIED
Command
Ia. DECL ASSI F C ATI ON/ DOWN GRADING
B e th e s da ,_M a ry lan d _2 00 1 4 IS.
UBR
OKUI
AE
.(AFRRI)
Defense Nuclear Agency Bethesda, Maryland 20014C3016
_
DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of this Report)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
SHDL
Approved for public release; distribution unlimite
{
17. DISTRISUTION STATE.MENT (of the abstract orteed In block 20. It different frin Report)
1S.
SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES
IS.
KEY WORDS
'Continu* on rcors* side It necesesary md Identify by block number)f
AMnCr (Coth
a
-w~as
ee
It n".aiy
an td@Wtf* by block nimbc
4'rhree hundred eighty-four yoting male rats were exposed to 45-Hz, vertical electric fielda in nonmetallic cages, in an attemot to detect alteration of growth, food and water consumption, alterations in selected hematological and seruim biochemical values, and pathologicpd changes. Three experiments were performed, each using six groups of 16 aniilas exposed to field strength;a of 0, 2, 1G, 20, 50, and 100 1/in (RMS). All variables were statistically analyzed for difforences and the possible ex .stence of a "dose effect relationship". A further experiment (C)
D
IM
7
UCASFE
COITIOM OF I NOV 65 IS OBSOLETE
SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF TmlS PAGE (10ben
..
..
*.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
ots Itntered)
UNCLASSIFIED SCCUITY CLASIFICATION Of THIS5 PAG(~nm Date Entetei)
20. i:
ABSTRACT (continued) used 48 control animals and 48 animals exposed to 20 V/m (RMS) to minimize the possibility of missing a true alteration. Although some differences were found in three experiments (E, F, and H) neither a dose effect relationship nor a biological effect due to exposure was observed. iriment G, no statistical differences (p< 0. 05) were observed for any variables~it was concluded that no alterations in growth, food consumption, or water consumption resulted from exposure to extremely low frequency (ELF) electric fields. Neither serum or plasma concentrations of total protein, globulin, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and total lipid nor hematological values for red blood cells, white blood cells, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, hematocrit or hemoglobin appear to be influenced by Z.LF fields. ,41 addition, necropsy and histopathological examination of tissue from 16 organ dtstems did not reveal any changes that could be attributed to electric fields. Projdct was sponsored by the U. S. Naval Medical Research and Development Command, contract number XSB09.
irli
Wites hot"
Blt
lur1s~il
0
BiNtAtlOUNiCEDR ~ JUISTIFICIATIONI DISTUIO~AAL3LT tv ..................................... ~ .... ............. ....... 1...... .... ..- ...............
misia,AVAILAi;t/'
SPECIAL
UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(17,en Data Bnteed)
WON"
PRE FACE The authors gratefully acknowledge the valuable assistance of S. A. Oliva for designing and maintaining the electronic systems of the exposure facility, C. A. McIntire III and W. E. Jackson III for performing the computer programming and statistical analyses, J. E. Egan for the hematological analyses, and G. D. Lee for preparation of the tissue specimens.
We further acknowledge
the invaluable efforts of A. L. Miller, A. E. Cummings, and P. W. Jones for the care and timely manner in wh'ch these experiments were performed.
This
project was sponsored by the U. S. Naval Medical Research and Development Command, contract number XSB09.
I"1 1'
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface
.
..
..
..
.
.....
....
...
Introduction...................................
.
.
.
.
Materials and Procedures ..............
.
.
7
. .
.
..
Biochemical analysis Hematology . . .
..
.. ..
..
..
8 8
Animrals.................... Irradiation facility..................8 Experimentalidesign
1
... ..
..
.... ..
.. .....
...
9
....
12
...
.
..
..
12
Pathology.....................12 Statistical analysis...................12 Results.........................13 Analysis of growth, food consumption and water consumption during 45-Hz electric field exposure............13 Analysis of biochemical and hematological. results versus 45-Hz field strength.................19. Pathology versus 45-Hz field strength............26 Two-way ANOVA for 45- and 60-Hz effects ......... Discussion and Conclusions
.
..
..
..
....
...
26 ..
28
References........................32 AppendixA......
..................
34
AppendixB.......................43
3
Nat
LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1. Graphical summary of the average body weight and daily growth for each group during exposure . . . . . Figure 2.
Figure 3,
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Graphical summary of food consumption data during exposure ...... ...............
.
14
.
.
15
Graphical summary of water consumption data during exposure ..... ..................
16
Summary of the mean growth, food and water consumption data versus 45-Hz field strength ........... .
18
Summary of median total protein, globulin and glucose data versus 45-Hz field strength ...........
21
Summary of median total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride data versus 45-Hz field strength
.
.
.
.
Summary of median red blood cell, white blood cell anid segmented neutrophil data versus 45-Hz field strength. Summary of median lymphocyte, hezratocrit and hemoglobin data versus 45-Hz field strength .......
4
~4
.
..
.
22
.
24
25
.1
LIST OF TABLES Page Table
1.
Experimental Design and Animal Usage
Table
2.
Electric Field Strengths Applied to Each Chamber for Each Experiment
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Table
3.
The Number of Animals in Each Group of the 45-Hz and 60-Hz Two-Way Analysis of Experiment G.......1
Table
4.
Statistical Summary of the Analysis of Variance of Growth, Food Consumption and Water Consumption
Table
5. Statistical Summary of the Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of the Blood Biochemistry and Hematology Data . .
Table
6.
Statistical Summary of the Two-Way Analysis of Variance on 45-Hz and 60-Hz Field Strengths of ExperimentG................27
Table
7.
Statist-rnal Summary of the Kruskal-Wallis Analysis on 60-Hz Field Strengths of Experin'ent G .........
Table A-i........
9
10
17
..
.
.
19
8
................
36
Table a-2........................37 Teble A-3..........
.............
38
Table A-4.......................39 Table A-5.......................40
Table A-7
Table B-1.
.
..
...
...
...
............
...
....
...
..
..
..
42
..
45
Table B-2.......................46 T able B-3.
47
Table B3-4............................48 5
LIST OF TABLES (eontlnued) Page
'Table B-
5.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
49
.
Table B- 6 . . . . . . . . . .0 Table B- 7........... Table B- 8..
........
............
51
:. ............
52 53
Table B- 9.............................. Table B-10 .........
................
Table B- ...........................
54
... ..
55
6 L
--
INTIODUCTION Extremiely low fretquency (ELF) radiation generally denotes ele tronmgtietic radiation having frequencies'from a few hertz (sometimes including zero hertz or de) to several hundred hertz. The natural or ambient levels of ELF radiation have been reviewed by Polk;" 1 however, the extent to which these dlelds may interact with bl';logical systems is still the subject of considerable research.
The largest source of man-made ELF radiation comes from com-
mercial electrical power lines operating at 50 or 60 lIz.
With the recent devel-
opment of the Navy's ELF Communications System for operation at 45 or 75 Hz, yet another man-mt'de source of this radiation will come into existence. It has become apparent that at least certain biological systems can sense and utilize ELF fields.
For example, some birds are affected by weak mag-
netic fields, 18 and it Is proposed that they may use terrestrial magnetic fields to aid in orientation. 20 Kain-djn has presented data suggesting that sharks and rays can locate prey by the weak ELF electric fields they produce, and that some fish may also be able to use terrestrial fields in obtaining orientational and navigational information. 5 Other biological effects from ELF fields have been reported by Goodman et al. on Physarum polycephalum 3 and by GavalasMedici and Day-Magdaleno on monkeys. 2 Recently, large 60-Hz electric fields have been reported to reduce the growth of rats I 0 and mice. 9 Noval et al. 13 have reported that 45-Ilz vertical electric fields at field strengths of up to 100 V/m (RMS) produced reduced growth, reduced abdominal body fat, and altered brain and liver enzyme activities.
The present work represents an attempt to verify the existence of low-
ered growth rates for rats exposed to similar 45-Hz, vertical electric fleld3 and to determine if food and water consumption, serum metabolite concentrations, or the parameters of a complete blood count were perturbed. liminary report of this work has been submitted elsewhere. 12
7
A pre-
MA'I'RIALS AND PROlCEDURES Animals.
Male Sprague-Dawley rats, approximately 180 g, liur(SD)
(I), obtained from llilltop LAb Aniimals, Inc., Scottdale, Pennsylvania, were used for all experiments.
Animals were quurantined, evaluated for health
status, and then randomly assigned to individual cages within the six exposure chambers of the irradiation facility.
Hody weight, Icod consumptaon, and water
consumption data were obtained three times each week during the exposure period and the 5-day preexposure acclimatization period.
The diet was a stand-
ard commercial rodent feed (Wayne Lab-Blox, Allied Mills, Inc., Chicago, Illinois) obtained in pulverized form for food consumption measurements.
Food
and water were provided ad libitum. Irradiation facility.
The irradiation facility has been described completel;
in a previous report. I I It was contained in a typical laboratory room maintained under slight positive air pressure, minimizing outside contamination. Access was restricted to personnel concerned with this research, who wore clean gowns, masks, and gloves.
Room air was circulated at 23 room-volumes
per hour atid filtered by IIEPA and activated alumina filters.
Illumination was
provided 12 hours each day from room and chamber lights, beginning at 6:00 a. m.
Temperature was controlled at 220 + 20 C and continuously recorded;
relative humidity was not controlled, but a continuous record indicated it remained between 25 and 55 percent. There were six identical exposure chambers contained in three racks,
each rack consisting of an upper and a lower chamber.
Each exposure chamber
contained 16 nonmetallic cages described previously, 11 providing food from aI 250-cm 3 glass jar and water from a glass sipper tube and 250-cm 3 glass bottle. Chambers were horizontal, parallel plate capacitors with an upper plate of aluminum screen, a lower plate of aluminum sheet, and an average plate separation of 46.4 L 0.3 cm (S. D.). A signal generating and signal monitoring system provided the sinusoidal 45-11z voltage, which could be independently varied from a nominally zero
- l l
l
field strength value up to 1000 V/m (RMS) for each chamber.
This system con-
tained two signal generators to provide a backup generator If the primary signal generator failed and circuitry to sound an alarm if both systems failed. Voltage and frequency were routinely measured to within t 0. 5 percent. The 45-Hz exposure field and existing ELF fields were measured by the Illinois Institute of Technology (lIT) Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois. Data were obtained for electric and magnetic fields at 15, 45, 60 and 180 liz, and were presented in the report of this facility. 11 The largest ambient field (45Hz fields turned off) was found at 60 Hz.
The average value of the 60-Hz elec-
tric field per cage was obtained for each animal position. Experimental design.
Four experiments (lettered E through H) were per-
formed using the six exposure chambers, each containing 16 animals housed one per cage (Table 1).
Six groups of 16 animals at field strengths of 2, 10,
20, 50 and 100 V/m (RMS) plus a control were used in experiments E, F, and H in an attempt to determine whether a dose versus effect relationship exists. It was assumed in the experimental design that any dose effect relationship that might be found would be monotonic; i. e., if an alteration were observed at one
Table 1.
Experimental Design and Animal Usage Experimental group F G H
Exposure conditions (V/m)
16
16
2
16
16
16
10 20
16 16
16 16
16 16
60
16
16
16
100
16
16
16
96
96
Animals/group Total animals
J9
16, 16,16
16
Controls
16,16,16
96 384
96
field strength, the alteration produced by a higher field strength would be at least as large.
The field strengths chosen cover the range of field strengths
reported by Noval et al. 13 as having produced the growth alteration previously mentioned.
Experiment G was designed to maximize the number of animals
for one field strength by using three chambers as controls and three chambers at a field strength of 20 V/m (RMS) (see Table 2).
This configuration mini-
mizes the chance of making a type-iI error, i. e., the failure to declare a result significant for a fixed level if a real effect is present.
The field strength
of 20 V/rn (RMS) was chosen because this value produced the effects observed by Noval et al.,
13
and it is approximately one hundred times greater than what
the ELF Communications System would generate.
Because of the large number
of animals in each 45-Hz groap of experiment G, a further classification into four 60-iz field strength groups can be made (Table 3).
TIjs classification
was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance to test for 45-Hz and 60-Hz effects, ond to determine if the 45-Hz and 60-Hz fields interact.
Chambers
were permanently numbered 'om one through six for reference, and chamber Table 2.
Electric Field Strengths Applied to Each Chamber for Each Experiment
Exposure chamber
45-Hz field strength (V/m (RMS)) Experiment G F
Position
Number
E
H
100
20
50
2
10
C
20
U
10
2
20
C
4
L
20
50
C
10
5
U
50
20
C
100
L
100
C
20
2
1
U
2
L
3
6
C
-L
16 animals per chamber C denotes control group (no 45-Hz fields applied) U denotes upper chambers L denotes lower chambers 10
'77"=
Table 3.
The Number of Animals in Each Group of the 45-Hz and 60-Hz Two-Way Analysis of Experiment G Frequency (Hz)
Field strength (V/m(RMS))Tol
_____
60
.21-. 42
.53-. 84
1.1-1.7?
24 12 36
8 4 12
12 24 36
2.6-3.8
animals
Field strength (V/ra(RMS)) 0 20 Total animals
4
48
8 12
96
48
bias was minimized by utilizing each chamber as a control or for a given field strength only once (Table 2). After the exposure period, animals were
ithdrawn from the exposure
room one at a time, given an intraperitoneal injection of chloral hydrate at a dose of 36 mg per 100 g of body weight, and placed in a clean cage.
When one
animal from each group had been obtained and all six had become unconscious, the animals were taken to a separate room where euthanasia was completed by heart puncture and exsanguination.
Three milliliters of blood anticoagulated
with EDTA at a final concentration of 8 mM were used for hematological analysis.
The remainder of the sample was allowed to clot for 1 hour at room
temperature, then centrifuged at 600 x g for 15 min to remove the clot, separated into aliquots, and frozen at -60 0OC for later biochemical analysis.
For
experiments G and H, this procedure was modified in three ways to reduce the variability caused by recent food consumption and aggressive behavior exhibited by the six animals when placed together in one cage. withdrawn at 4:00 p.m. on the day before euthanasia; kept in separate cages until euthanasia;
First, food was
second, animals were
and third, plasma was obtained from
blood containing 5 mM potassium ethylenediaminetetraacetate by centrifugation at 600 x g for 15 minutes, 11Y
4
Biochemical analysis.
Total protein and globulin assays were performed
on the AutoAnalyzer (Technicon Corporation, Tarrytown,. New York) by the technique of Sobocinski etal. 17 Glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and total lipids were assayed using commerial reagents and standards from Boehringer Mannheirm Corporation' (New York, N. Y.) wvith the following catalog numbers: 15715, 15738, 15989, and 15991, respectively.
Unknowns and quantitative
serum controls (Monitrol I and II, Dade, Division, American Hospital Supply Corporation, Miami, Florida) were assayed simultaneously in a random sequence. Hematology.
Red and white cell counts were obtained using the Coulter
Counter Model B (Coulter Electronics, Inc., Hialeah, Florida).
Hematocrit
values were obtained by reading capillary tubes after centrifugation, and hemoglobin was estimated by the cyanomethemoglobin method employing Drabkin's solution (Hycel, Inc., Houston, Texas). Pathology.
Necropsies were performed on a minimum of four randomly
selected animals from each group.
Specimens from the skin, brain, salivary
gland, lung, heart, stomach, duodenum, cecum, colon, liver, spleen, kidney, urinary bladder, adrenal gland, pancreas, and testes were fixed in 10 percent buffered Formalin for histopathologic examination. were weighed when removed from the body.
Adrenal glands and spleen
Tissue preparation and staining
were performed according to accepted methods as outlined in the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Manual. 8 Hematoxylin and eosin were routinely used, but selected samples were submitted to Gomori's methenamine silver stain, BrownBrenn tissue gram stain, and the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. Statistical analysis.
Histograms of individual observations were u3ed to
determine if nonparametric statistical tests should be employed.
Based on
this evaluation, body weight, food consumption, and water consumption data were analyzed using the t-test or analysis of variance (parametric methods) followed by the Neuman-Keuls test 1 9 (nonparametric method) if significance was observed (p< 0. 05).
j
For biochemical and histological analyses, significance
*1
12
S~.,.
P~7~-
(p< 0. 05) was tested using the one-way analysis and multiple pairwise comparisons of the Kruskal-Wallis tests 4 or the Mann-Whitney test 1 6 (nonparametric methods). RESULTS During these experiments the exposure facility operated without failure. Routine monitoring of the signal-generating systems (at least three times a week) revealed that the chamber voltages remained constant to within +4 and -2 percent, and the 45-Hz frequency did not vary more than k 0. 5 percent. In this research, growth is defined as the net change in body weight of the test animal.
Since the duration of these experiments was short (28 days) and
since all animals used were approximately the same age, the average values of growth per day, food consumption per day, and water consumption per day are valid measures for comparing groups within an experiment.
These values
were calculated by obtaining the total change in body weight or the total weight of food or water consumed for each animal and dividing by 28 (number of days in the exposure period). Analysis of growth, food consumption and water consumption during 45-Hz electric field exposure.
The average body weight and the average growth
per day for each group and each experiment are summarized in Figure 1. The cumulative food and water consumption and the food and water consumption per day for each group and each experiment are summarized in Figures 2 and 3. The daily summary of body weight, growth, and cumulative and daily consumption of food and water are presented in Appendix A.
The strictly monotonic re-
lationship observed for growth, food consumption, and water consumption showed that these experiments were well controlled.
The small depressions observed
in the body-weight change/day curves (e.g., in G experiment on days 10, 18 and 25) always occurred after the cage bedding was changed, and may have resulted from the animal's attempt to mark his new bedding by defecation. 15 Notice that
13
EXPERIMENT E
EXPERIMEN"
(V/mffi
(V/m)
GROUP 1: C oGROUP 2 2 *GROUP 3: 10
( *GPOUPI: 100 2: 12 GRIOUIP2:10
-GROUP 4z 20 vGROUP5s SO
-GROUP -GROOUP 5:
*GROUP 6:100
*GROUP
10
I.i
3:
2
6:
OGO__
I
;
(v/-!sJ
-GROUP 4: SO GROUP S: 2C
I
,
,
n
II16
160 40
37S
4-
al -i
12
4,i
0
i 51
IO
20
2S
30
0
5
to
SEQUENTIAL DAY
20
Is
25
30
SEQUENTIAL DAY
EXPERIMENT G'
EXPERIMENT H
GROUP 1 COMPOSITE OF THREE CONTROL
(V/
(Vm
GROUPS * GROUP 2: COMPOSITE OF THREE IRRADIATED GROUPS (20 V/mI
16
_
=
Io
GROUP 1: 50 oGRCUP 2: 20
GROUP 4: 10 -GROUP 5: 100
* GROUP 3: C
*GROUP 6:
-- kt
i:
i
~*
__
_
,S~ __
_
_
__
o
425
2
3?!
__
_
"*
_
_
_
_'
o
-
Z.,
325
175 0'LS I . I
,1
,.1
27
M
..
.
, I
0
I
,
Z
(2
w 1.,32
S
2SI
SIGUENTIAL DAY
SEQUENTIAL DAY
Figure 1. Graphical summary of the average body weighlt and daily growth for each group during exposure
-S
" , , , , ' , , : - :i 14
*
-11E1 1 1
1
EXPERIMENT F
EXPERIMENT E (mi(V/.r)n)L-
1
4
'GROUP1: C o:RUP 2: 2
00GROUP 4: 20 'GROUP 5: 0
3:10 *G SROUP
*GROUP 4: 100
C
1
(V/mi GROUP 1! 100 0-GROUP 2: 10
IV/-) OGROIJP 4: S0 'GROUP 5: 20
*GROUP 3: 2
*GROUP 6: C
270
700 0*0
0
0 .2 6 75
S
100
20
2
jaw
00
5
1
SJUNTA DA
s
2
SL UI IL
5
-IAY
_
EXPERIMENT G EXPERIMENT H
* GROUP 1: COMPOSITE OF THREE CONTROL GROUPS * GROUP 2z COMPOSITE OF THREE IRRADIATED GROUPS 120 V/rn) 40 CE
~*GROUP
II
Vm 'GROUP 4: 10
IV/-n) &GROUP 1: S0
*GROUP 6:
3tC .
I...
2
.40
II
~I
02
0
I
I
I
I
0
70
0
0
-
$7S 5
67
525
523-
O
0 ..
0
175
0
5
20 Is 10 SEQUENTIAL DAY
25
3
A
]i
0
5
20 1S 10 SEQUENTIAL DAY
25
Figure 2. Graphical summary of food consumption data during exposure
30
EXPERIMENT E
EXPERIMENT F
(V/m. *GROUP 1: C
/GROUP "GROUP 4: ;tQ
GROUP 2: 2 *GROUP 3: 10
GROUP 5: 50 *ROUP 100
1: 100 , ROUl 2:10 *WROUP 3: 2 I
0
9GROUP 6: 20 R :
44
1
045'
,:GROUP 4: 50 GROUPS: 20
Z
'I130
4C
~
0
M
S260 285-20
240,
0,. 10 Is 20 SEQUENTIAL DAY
3
25
30
I
0
5
EXPERIMENT G GROUPS (20 V/mI *
*
s
O
a
30
E
GROUP 2: COMPOSITE OF THREE IRRADIATED
1.
25
EXPERIMENT H
GROUP I: COMPOSITE OF THREE CONTROL GROUPS
so
10 1s 20 SEQUENTIAL DAY
II
*
0-
S
i, -I31
3 Cc
IF
IV/mi
,GROUP 1: SO o GROUP 2: 20
OGROUP 4: 10
'GROUP a"
*GROUP 6: 2
t I.'
3: C
j?,,
-GROUP 5: 100
,
4t I'
J
0 1300
1300
3t
100
004
0
zo0 .2
t -S 20 -44
260
-
260
ca ol
010
Figure 3.
SEQUENTIAL DAY
SEQUENTIAL DAY
Graphical summary of water consumption data during exposure
16
these readily visible depressions in growth per day are the result of a virtually indistinguishable displacement in the average cumulative body weight curves. In three experiments (E, G and H), no statistically significant differences were found between any experimental or control groups for growth per day, food consumption per day, or water consumption per day when these parameters were compared at the several 45-Hz exposure field strengths used (Table 4). In experiment F, statistical analysis revealed no difference in water consumption per day between any experimental or control groups, although differences
Table 4.
Statistical Summary of the Analysis of Variance of Growth, Food Consumption and Water Consumption Experiment Variable
-
E
F
G
H
a BW/A day
-
**
-
-
h Food/& day a Water/& day
-
**
-
-
-
Not significant (p> 0.05) ** Significant difference (p< 0. 01) -
in growth per day and food consumption per day were observed.
For growth
per day, significant differences (p< 0. 05) were found between the 100 V/m group and the 2, 20. and 50 V/m groups, but not between that group and the control or 10 V/m groups.
For food consumption per day the only difference
(p< 0. 05) was between the 20 V/m, 100 V/m, and 10 V/m groups but not between the control, 2 V/m, or 50 V/m groups.
These differences are not bio-
logically important, as suggested by the findings that (1) the differences observed in experiment F were not observed in experiments E, G and H, i.e., the alterations were not reproducible, and (2) no dose versus effect relationship was apparent from these differences (Figure 4).
Thus, all four experi-
ments indicate that rat growth, food consumption, and water consumption
17
77
MEAN DAILY BODY WEIGHT CHANGE VS FIELD STRENGTH
1
.%
J= It1 SE
MEAN FOOD CONSUMPTION VS FIELD STRENGTH
________________
29
2
0
\
. .......
Q 26 25:
Z
241*
SE
MEAN WATER CONSUMPTION VS FIELD STRENGTH
44z
44-
.~40z
IEXPERIMENT j 32-k
F 0.--.e
z
02
10
so100 20
FIELD SIRENGYN (V/mi
Figure 4.
Summary of the mean growth, food and water consumption data versus 45-Hz field strength
j :I~
Ij
l
Jtt I
were not altered by exposure to 4b-Hz ELF eleutric fields of up to 100 V/m for up to 28 days. Analysis of biochemical and hematological results versus 45-Hz field streigth. In Appendix B are values for each biocheni-ial and hematological parameter measured on all control and experimental animals and a statistical Analysis of these data
summary for each control and experimental group.
(Table 5) showed that no consistent alterations were found in any of the parameters measured in any of the four experiments performed. vidual parameteri
Table 5.
Findings for indi-
are summarized below.
Statistical Summazy of the Kruskal-Wallis Analysis of the Blood Biochemistry and Hematology Data
Variable
Experiment ....... F G H E
G.,OB
*
'
GLU
**
TL
*
-
*
-
*
(HOL
-
-
-
-
TRIG
-
-
-
-
RBC
**
**
-
-
.
.
WBC POLY
. ..
LYHS
.
HCT
**
HGB
* ..
.
i -
-
.
MONO
within normal limits
EOS
within normal limits
Not significant (p> 0.05) Significant difference (p< 0.05) *Significant difference (p< 0.01)
19
A
Total protein: In experiments E, F and G, no groups were statistically different from the contrr" or from each other. the control and 100 '/m
In experiment H, only
group .Jlffered. No trend or dose relationship was ob-
served (Figure 5). Globulin: In experiments E, F and G, no groups were statistically different from the control or from each other. In experiment H, only the control and 100 V/m group differed.
No trend or dose relationship was observed
(Figure 5). Glucose: In experiment G, where the statistical test should be most sensitive, the control and irradiated groups were not statistically different.
In experiment E, only the control and 2 V/m groups differed.
In experi-
ment F, the control group, 20 V/m group, and 100 V/m group were statistically different; and in experiment H, only the control and 100 V/m groups were statistically different.
No consistent pattern of statistical difference or dose re-
lationship was observed throughout these experiments (Figure 5).
In addition,
some of the apparently large variability observed in experiments E and F may be due to the euthanasia procedure used (see below). Total lipids: In experiments F, G and H, no groups were statistically different from the cont:ol or each other. group and the 100 V/rn group differed.
In experiment E, only the 2 V/m
No trend or dose relationship was ob-
served (Figure 6). Cholesterol: In all experiments (E, F, G and H), no groups were statistically different from the control or from each other, and no trend or dose relationship was observed (Figure 6). Trigly, erides: In all experiments (E, F, G and H), no groups were statistically different from the control or each other, and no trend or dose relationsldp was observed (Figure 6). Red blood cells:
Ir, experiments G and H, no groups were statisti-
cally different from the control or from each other.
In experiment E, differ-
ences were found between the control and the 10, 50 and 100 V/m groups, but
20
84
-'-
'
"-r-
MEDIAN TOTAL PROTEIN VS FIELD STRENGTH
S......
- ,-.,,,-.,-,....... ....... .....,, ,........ ...r ,T.'"..'..... 1 40i. ............. ............... ,.+,.,,...........• +,,
0 MEDIAN GLOBULIN VS FIELD STRENGTH
z
i2 -
..... *%
........ ,." .....,..,."...............
,.. 2,03
MEDIAN GLUCOSE
:
FIELD STRENGTH
w2 30-VS
1''''"..
260-I
" ......... ...... ...5.2.. .... .. .. ...
.. ....... .... . . ........ I'
..............
ISO*'
140
2
10
Figure 5.
L
EXPERIMENT E
.i H ,i....... 0
+++ + +
i' +
A ..... ........ ....................
o220--t . %, "p . ,' +lllL,
.. + .....,.....+..
so
20
Summary of median. total protein, globulin and glucose data versus 45-Hz field strength 2
100
I I
I
IJ
I
MEDIAN TOTAL LIPIDS VS FIELD STRENGTH
520-
S/
0
0
440-
XERMN
e.-".MEDIAN TRIGLCERIDE
~o
3
~
.M.............
r
o 10- 0
0
2
MEDIAN CHOLLYETEEPEN VS FIELD sSTRENGTH
I I
ls
SFIELD STRENGTH /n
v210
VS FIELD STRENGTHm *
0w5011,
Figure 6.
E ,
n
i
,
'
Summary of median total lipid, cholesterol and
triglyceride data versus 45-H1z fteld strength 22
not between the 2 and 20 V/ni groups.
Additionally, statistically significant
differences were found between the 2 V/m group and the 10, 20, 50 and 100 V/rn groups.
In experiment F, statistically significant differences were found
between the control and the 2, 10 and 50 V/m groups.
However, since these
differences were not reproduced in experiments G and 11, the pattern of statistical dliference in experiments E and F may be related to the euthanasia procedure (see below).
Considering all experiments, no trend or dose relationship
was observed (Figure 7). White blood cells& In all experiments (E, F, G and H), no groups were statistically different from the control or from each other, and no trend or dose relationship was observed (Figure 7). Segmented neutrophils (POLY): In all experiments (E, F, G and H), no groups were statistically different from the control or from each other, and no trend or dose relationship was observed (Figure 7). Lymphocytes:
In all experiments (E, F, G and H), no groups were
statistically different from the control or from each other, and no trend or dose relationship was observed (Figure 8). Hematocrit: In experiments F, G and H, no groups were statistically different from the control or from each other.
In experiment E, only the
2 V/m and 50 V/m groups were different from each other.
No trend or dose re-
lationship was observed (Figure 8). Hemoglobin:
In experiments F, G and H, no groups were statisti-
cally different from the control or from each other.
In experiment E, only the
2 V/m and 50 V/m groups were different from each other.
No trend or dose
relationship was observed (Figure 8). In experiments G and H, an improved euthanasia procedure was used in which plasma was obtained from control and irradiated animals that had fasted for approximately equal periods of time, and that were not excited since the anim.as had been caged separately until euthanasia to prevent stress.
As a
result of these improved procedures, marked reductions were noted in the group
23
MEDIAN RED BLOOD CELL COUNT VS FIELD STRENGT1H
7.0.A.
6.6
~
*................
S6.2-
5.4 7600
1
MEDIAN WHITE BLOOD CELLS VS FIELD STRENGTH
,.
~6000%.
.~
520
.. do*t
144
g
do.P*%.
4400-
9
.r .MEDIAN SEGMENTED NEUTROPHILS ........... VS FIELD STRENGTH
S.0-
U
*..........
EXPERIMENT
&
E
*
GU--
5010
20s
100
FIELD STRENGTH IV/1m)
Figure 7. Summary of median red blood cell, white blood cell and segmented neutrophil data versus 45-Hz field strength
24
-94
~
MEDIAN LYMPHOCYTES VS FIELD STRENGTH
a'
........ ....
W
...
.................
V *
a.
88
MEDIAN HEMATOCRIT VS FIELD STRENGTH
542_______________ 48-
J
40
MEDIAN HEMOGLOBIN VS FIELD STRENGTH
EXPERIMENT E
F *-
16.1-
*-
..... *...... ................... ..................... ~~~.
-h*..............................................
14.0-
02
10
20
s0 FIELD STRENGTH (V/rn]
100
maori
n n Figure 8. Summary of median lymphocyte, eaoci hemoglobin data versus 45-11z field strength
for glucose, to group variability (Figures 5-8) and the within group variability hematocrit, and hemototal lipids, cholesterol, triglyceride, red blood cell, that there were globin values. It can be stated with a high degree of confidence variables used no differences in the plasma or serum values of the biochemical 25
in this study.
After completion of serum triglyceride assays for experiments
E and F, it was observed that free glycerol was present in the commercial standards used.
To correct the triglyceride values in experiments E and F, the
values reported in Appendix B and the group medians of Figure 6 must be multiplied by 0.66. analysis.
This constant factor does not alter the results from statistical
The accuracy of this correction factor and of the measurements in
experiments G and H was verified by using two independent standards (Precilip, Boehringer-Mannheim Corp., New York, N. Y., and Triolein, Sigma Chemical Company, St. Louis, Missouri) as well as the known molar extinction coefficient of the reduced form of nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NADH). Pathology versus 45-Hz field strength. were coded and analyzed in a blind manner.
All animals used in this analysis No gross lesions or differences in
adrenal and spleen weights were observed at necropsy, and no significant microscopic changes were present in any of the tissues. Two-way ANOVA for 45- and 60-Hz effects.
Detailed analysis of field
map data after completion of experiments E, F, G, and H suggested that the level of the contaminating 60-Iiz electric field had been underestimated in the initial field map. 11 In an attempt to determine the effect of this field on the results of the 45-Hz analysis, the data from experiment G were separated into four groups according to the average 60-liz field strength per cage for two-way analysis of variance as shown in Table 3.
Since the experiment was not initially
designed to examine possible 60-Hz effects, the two-way classification did not yield groups of equal size.
In addition, random animal positioning at the begin-
ning of the experiment happened to allow the group exposed to the highest 60-Hz field strength to start with an average initial body weight slightly heavier than the other groups. As a result, care must be taken when interpreting results of the two-way analysis of variance for growth per day, food consumption per day, and water consumption per day shown in Table 6.
Despite these restrictions,
certain statistically valid comparisons can be made.
There were no statisti-
cally significant differences (p< 0. 05) between the control and 20 V/m groups
26
Table 6. Statistical Summary of the Two-Way Analysis of Variance on 45-Hz and 60-Hz Field Strengths of Experiment G V
Factor one
bl
Factor two
tet
8f0 HzI
45z
ABW/c day--
Food/A day77 AWater/& day
-*
significant (p> 0. 05) Significant (p< 0. 05) Significant (p< 0.01)
-Not
* **
at 45 Hz for growth per day, food consumption per day, or water consumption per day.
Neither was the interaction between the 45-Hz and 60-Hz fields found
to be significant for growth per day, food consumption per day, or water consumption per day.
Further, there was no alteration of growth which is attrib-
utable to the 60-Hz field.
The statistical differences observed in the data on
food consumption per day and water consumption per day occurred only between the highest and lowest field strength groups.
Thus, the statistically significant
results obtained - ,.re most likely not biologically important because (1) the animals in the group exposed to the highest field strength started with an average initial body weight slightly heavier than the other groups, and (2) the food and water consumption correlated strongly with initial body weight.
This conclu-
sion is reinforced by the expectation that a biologically important alteration in -food and water consumption would be reflected in a growth alteration.
To com-
plete the 60-Hz analysis, the biochemical and hematological data were tested for significance; results are presented in Table 7.
No statistically significant
diffcrences were observed for glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, white blood cells, segmented neutrophils (POLY), lymphocytes, hematocrit, or hemoglobin.
Significance occurred in total protein and globulin data only be-
tween the highest and next highest field strength groups, and in the red blood cell data only between the lowest and next lowest field strength groups.
27 ,p-."
Table 7.
Statistical Summary of the Kruskal-Wallis Analysis on 60-Hz Field Strengths of Experiment G Variable
Sigidflcance
TP
*
GLOB
*
GLU TL CHOL TRIG RBC
*
WBC -
POLY LYHS HCT
-
HGB
-
Not significant (p> 0. 05) Significant difference (p< 0.05) •* Significant lfference (p< 0. 01) -
*
Because no.significant differences were observed for any variable between the highest and lowest field strength groups or between the two field strength groups with 36 animals each, no biological significance was attributed to these differences.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Theoretically, ELF radiation can be separated into terrestrial and manmade radiation.
The terrestrial field strength in the exposure facility was not
measured, but is considered to be negligible compared to the experimental field strengths.
Man-made fields at frequencies from 25 to 60 Hz are present any-
where electric power is used. 21 For example, under high-voltage power lines,
28
electric field strengths of thousands of volts per meter are found; I and in the laboratory, every operating electrical appliance is an ELF irradiator;
The
man-made 45-Hz fields in our exposure facility were documented by the lIT Research Institute.
They also documented a contaminating 60-Hz field which
was present in all chambers, i.e., both irradiated and control. No biologically important differences were found for any of the variables studied.
No statistically significant differences were observed in any experi-
ment for the following variables: water consumption, serum or plasma cholesterol, serum or plasma triglycerides, white blood count, segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes, adrenal weights and spleen weights.
No significant differ-
ences were observed in any of the histopathological analyses.
For the follow-
ing variables, the only observed significant statistical differences occurred between irradiated groups: growth per day, food consumption, serum or plasma total lipids and hemoglobin.
Significant differences between the control and
irradiated groups occurred only for total protein, globulin, red blood cells, and hematocrit.
Further, no dose-relationship was observed between the exposure
field strength and any of the variables studied.
The most unequivocal results
are from experiment G, in which 48 animals were used in both control and 2C V/m exposed groups.
No significant differences were observed for any of
the variables measured in this experiment. The data from experiment G were subjected to two-way analysis of variarce to test the possibility that the contaminating 60-Hz fields in the exposure facility affected the results of the 45-Hz analysis.
No significant differences (p< 0.05) were found in growth per day for the 45-Hz or 60-Hz fields; further,
no significant interaction was observed for growth per day, food consumption, or water consumption.
These findings together with the fact that the two 60-Hz
groups (of 36 animals each) were not significantly different from each other led to the conclusion that the 60-Hz fields in this experiment did not produce a biologically important alteration.
From this analysis it is surmised that the data
from the 45-Hz fields also were not affected. 29
A
A -ilot experiment gives further indication that ambient fields did not perturb the negative finding of the 45-Hz analysis. '9
In that experiment the average
growth rate for 96 animals was found to be 7. 8 grams per day per animal. These animals were fed and handled using procedures identical to those in experiments E, F, G, and U; however, they were housed in rat cages of standard No. 2 mesh and sheer -tainless steel. At our request, the lIT Research Institute determined that these cages provide better than -40 dB of electric field shielding at 60 Hz (Appendix B of reference 11).
Thus, these animals (in the pilot ex-
periment) were grown for 28 days in an ambient 60-Hz electric field which was less than 0. 010 V/m (RMS).
If the ambient electric fields present in experi-
ments E, F, G, and H had produced a growth reduction in all experimental groups of at least 20 percent (the smallest growth reduction reported by Noval et al. 13), then these shielded animals would have growth rates greater than 9. 2 grams per day per animal.
Instead, the growth rate of the animals in this pilot
experiment (7. 8 grams per day per animal) is well within growth rates measured for the six groups of animals in experiment F (Figure 4) which were the same age as in the pilot study. The findings of this research are consistent with the work of Knickerbocker et al. 6 and Krueger and Reed. 7 Knickerbocker et al. exposed male mice to a vertical electric field of 157,000 V/m at 60 Hz for 10-1/2 months (6-1/2 hours each day), and analyzed for differences in growth, reproduction, gross pathology, and histopathology.
Although they noted that the unexposed male progenies of
the exposed animals did not grow to be as heavy as the male progenies of the control animals, no other statistical or biological differences were observed. Krueger and Reed exposed female mice tc horizontal electric fields of 100 V/m at both 45 Hz and 75 Hz.
No statistical differences were observed between ex-
posed and control animals in rate of growth, serotonin levels of blood and brain, or susceptibility to challenge by influenza virus. After exposing 384 young, male Sprague-Dawley rats for 28 days to 45-Hz vertical electrical field strengths of 2, 10, 20, 50 and 100 V/m (RMS), no 30
biologically significant differences were observed for any of the measured variablk
,
Further, no dose relationship was found for any of these variables ver-
sus the applied 45-Hz field strengths.
31
nil
REFERENCES 1. Bracken, T. D. Field measurements and calculations of electrostatic effects of overhead transmission lines. IEEE Trans. Power Appar. Syst. PAS-95:494-504, 1976. 2.
Gavalas-Medici, R. and Day-Magdaleno, S. R. Extremely low frequency weak electric fields affect schedule-controlled behavior of monkeys. Nature 261:256-259, 1976.
3.
Goodman, E. M., Greenebaum, B. and Marron, M. T. Effects of extremely low frequency el.;ctromagnetic fields on Physarum polyc. halum. Radiat. Res. 66:531-540, 1976.
4.
Hollander, M. and Wolfe, D. A. Nonparametric Statistical Methods, Ist ed., pp. 114-129. New York, N. Y., John Wiley and Sons, 1973.
5.
Kalmijn, A. J. The electric sense of sharks and rays. 55:371-383, 1971.
6.
Knickerbocker, G. G., Kouwenhoven, W. B. and Barns, H. C. of mice to a strong AC electric field - an experimental study. Trans. Power Appar. Syst. PAS-86(4):26-33, 1967.
J. Exp. Biol.
Exposure IEEE
7. Krueger, A. P. and Reed, E. J. A study of the biological effects of certain ELF electromagnetic fields. Int. J. Biometeorol. 49:194-201, 1975. 8.
Luna, L. G., editor. Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, 3rd ed. New York, N. Y., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1967.
9.
Marino, A. A., Becker, R. 0. and Ullrich, B. The effect of continuous exposure to low frequency electric fields on three generations of mice: a pilot study. Experientia 32:565-566, 1976.
10.
Marino, A. A., Berger, T. J,, Austin, B. P. and Becker, R. 0. Evaluation of electrochemical information transfer system. I. Effect of electric fields on living organisms. Electrochem. Technol. 123:11991200, 1976.
11.
Mathewson, N. S., Oliva, S. A., Oosta, G. M. and Blasco, A. P. Extremely low frequency (ELF) vertical electric field exposure of rats: irradiation facility. Bethesda, Maryland, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute Technical Note TN77-2, 1977.
32
12.
Mathewson, N. S., Oosta, G. M., Oliva, S. A., Levin, S. 0. and Blasco, A. P. Effects of 45 Hz electric field exposure on rats. In: Biulogical Effects of Electromagnetic Waves, Johnson, C. C. and Shore, M. L., editors, Vol. 1, pp. 460-471. Rockville, Maryland, HEW Publication (FDA) 77-8010, December 1976.
13.
Noval, J. J., Sohler, A., Reisberg, R., Coyne, H., Straub, K. D. and McKinney, H. Extremely low frequency electric field induced changes in rate of growth and brain and liver enzymes of rats. In: Compilation of Navy Sponsored ELF Biomedical and Ecological Research Reports, Vol. III. Bethesda, Maryland, NMRDC Report EMRPO-1, Department of the Navy, National Naval Medical Center, January 1977.
14.
Polk, C. Sources, propagation, amplitude, and temporal variation of extremely low frequency (0-100 Hz) electromagnetic fields, Chapter II. In: Biologic and Clinical Effects of Low-Frequency Magnetic and Electric Fields, Llaurado, Sances, and Battocletti, editors. Springfield, Illinois, C. C. Thomas, 1974.
15.
Russell, P. A. Open-field defecation in rats: relationships with body weight and basal defecation level. Br. J. Psychol. 64:109-114, 1973.
16.
Siegel, S. Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences, 1st ed., pp. 116-127. New York, N. Y., McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., 1956.
17.
Sobocinski, P. Z,, Canterbury, W. J. and Hartley, K. M. Automated simultaneous determination of serum total protein and globulin. Bethesda, Maryland, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute Technical Note TN73-11, 1973.
18.
Southern, W. E. Orientation of gull chicks exposed to Project Sanguine's electromagnetic field. Science 189:143-145, 1975.
19.
Steel, B. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. Principles and Procedures of Statistics, pp. 110-111. New York, N. Y., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., 1960.
20.
Walcott, C. and Green, R. P. Orientation of homing pigeons altered by a change In the direction of an applied magnetic field. Science 184:180182, 1974.
21.
Westmann, H. P., editor. Reference Data for Radioengineers, 4th ed. pp. 929-931. New York, N. Y., International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation, 1956.
33
_
_
_
.
.
.
..
.
.-
,,..
APPENDIX A Daily Summary of Body Weight, Growth, and Cumulative and Daily Consumptlon of Food and Water The following seven tables (A-i through A-7) summarize the actual raw growth and consumption data for each experimental group of the four experiments (E, F, G, and H).
In addition, the dates were obtained trd a summary
of the temperature and relative humidity on those dates is provided.
The
field strength and chamber position (either upper or lower) for any group can be obtained from Table 2 of the text. The headings for each column are defined (proceeding from left to right) as: DATE:
date these data were obtained; expressed as day/month/last digit of the year
DAY:
the number of days these animals have been exposed
TEMP:
the average - the range of room temperature ( F), taken over the interval from the previous data day to this day
HUMIDITY:
the average + the range of relative humidity (% RH), taken over the interval from the previous data day to this day the number of animals in each group, either 16 or
N:
48; or when an animal's food or water consumption could not be accurately measured due to an accident; (e. g., bottle was spilled), it then becomes the smallest number of animals used for any one of the calculations for this date BODY WEIGHT: XBAR
the average mass (g) per animal for this group
SD
the standard deviation of XBAR (g)
34
CHG. BODY WT: XBAR
average change In mass per day (g/day) per animal for this group, taken over the interval from the previous data day to this day
SD
the standard deviation of XBAR (g/day)
FOOD CONSUMED AND WATER CONSUMED: XBAR
average food (water) consumed per day (g/day) per animal for this group, taken over the interval from the previous data day to this day
SD
standard deviation of XBAR (g/day)
TOTAL TO DATE
average of cumulative food (water) consumed (g) per animal from day zero to this day
SD
standard deviation TOTAL TO DATE (g)
ASTERISK (*)
this symbol is used to note that the data from all animals could not be used; where N = 16 for experiments E, F, and H, or N = 48 for experiment G.
Further information
is provided in the next paragraph It was necessary to delete three animals from experiment F because they accidently went without water over a weekend. This accident occurred early in this experiment, and animals resumed normal drinking, eating, and growth values; therefore, these animals were not deleted from the biochemical and hematological analyses.
Because one animal was deleted from group two (Table A-3)
and two animals were deleted from group six (Table A-4), asterisks indicate that fewer than the usual number of animals were used for each day.
35
.. . ... .......... ... ..
'I II
i
i
TABLE A-i GRcOUP I
DAT!1 DAY TtpC
HUMIDITY
N
BODY.WRIGHT 460 Sb
CMIG.BODYWT. 1103 so
)M3AN
FOOD CONSUMED TOTAL so To DATE
SO
I.ATtl CONSUMED TOITAL SD TO DATE
X303
SD
7, 44
a
64 1- 6 16 12k.-3
12.20
6.00
6.60
6060
6,6.00
6le .66
6.66
69.0
9,4,3
& pz.6-0 204 6- 1 16 l3r.66
13.17
7.03
1.16
26.40
1.131
526
3.03
42.43
4.953
Ito,443
4 Pt.*-* 34* 1- l? i6 533.6
14.60
?-11A
1.60
Z6.3@
I.as
1@5'5?
"r0
44.51
1,42
IMP0
16.11
16m6
6.6
1.63
P6.19
3.79
150.14
q.15
43.15
6.14
303.43
31.44
9.29
1.13
Z16.75
1.s4
r4'.s4
16,3
44.16
9.67
m-1.71
45.%4
04-a
14 4' 12 70-I II'
30" 1- a to 660.99
760646
II4448 7
14 1 11604.1 4110.4
6l.60
I 04,4"
6.66
46- a is 311.44 *-
10.54
7.34
3.56
ea.@%
1,69
303.60
14.67
46,1
6.16
4.53
a to1332.03
13.11
6.07
1.67
25.60
6.50
363.43
1%,sr
4,3.14
6.63
60.4
6 it 346.99
66.43
5.75
3.21
36.9?z
2,?3
4"4. 9
24.20
4,1, Os
?.14
6914.64 %d1.02
25e 4.. IS 70665r4 0- I Itj 355.61
j$ 64.9I
.4q
Z5. c k
43* - 0
.03
703.31
26, 445 61 71.0-0 43* 0- 3 16 369.?'
26.63
4.C,5
,32 'w
51 1-0 1;11. 1
30, 4
23p10-e n 53+ 6- 1 16 379.63
65.14
4.7l13.07
2'
14 ?9 1+0-0 54408- 1 14 385,1%
66.66
2.56V
ll,
4
14 pk40-0 464
230' 44 14 74-6 Q+46
,
3.43
7
3.43
6?i3
3,1-5 517.114 .V0
33.044
'..' I5.922
1.43
40N. 4.1 3..5$
5 4
1 -1 *27
379
43.546
-. 34.07
.14. (
412.
4,9 4
003.t2
.36
495 6.l
1IW..
I13. 3 '
10 u 104 193.54
GROUP a
DATR DAY Tily
N
HUMIDITY
BODY WRIGHT 81603 sD
6 661to7I.44
6MC. OOY WT, 8143 98
nap
7' 445
6
14.00
0.66
so 4"
a ?24-4 14. a- I It 633.59bl 14.56
0,64
1.62
20.32
It,' 44
4 11+-11344 1-6aI
6.66
3.31
14.' 44
F pf0-1 34+ 1- a It z27353
16 .'s
s 024-6 464 1- 1B66
6+2-0
64*
264P.24 14.04 21.1's
.0 6
FOOD CONSUPTD TOTAL SD TO DATE7 SD
60
0..6.0
6.0
0.00
5s.64
7.56
42.a3
6.13
-%-56
43.06
4.6?
CONSUMED TOTAL TO DAT!E SD
6.66
1.60
100.56
1'6.56
16.62
66.33
6.06
193.94
22.44
41.'31 11.59
?S5.06
30.74
?,5
61 53.61
9.60
19.11
0.0
3.26
69.?4
7.63
1.6?
Z6.3.1 9.44
all' 4.9 14 ?146-0 40+ a- a 16 325S.43 10.63
66.59
43361
6.25
362.20
305.65% ?4.06
42.06
S.48
466.36* 65.26
?.37
1.04
31.50
2.67
400,14
24.46
43.?7
5.64
1@.%@
P.05
1.9O
10.63?
2.05
461.48
28,44
44.53
C.02
Z51' 415 Ia e+2-8 57+ 61- I 16 353.64
10.0?
4.31 4,4 ".$)
341 10
3
22 .71
as*.01
42.03
5.,34
7140-l 43- a- 3 16 370.27
15!. 22
5. 68
1.81
32.14
1
419. 'l 12
'!L .37
45.14
0.3-1
23 71*0-S 53+ 6- I IS 3711.1aZ0.61
3.fl
1.111 31.1?
681.46
3',7. G
45.,3
16,018
3.1
1.55
741.41
30.451
41.87
to 7640-o 4t+ G- 6 Is 341.50
?se
.21
a.,4
5Z. 5 7140-S 54+ 6- I It 364.93
0.669
.66 12.2?
25.!56
18.56
a3.,4n
6 64.45
%69 5.06
s 14 s
R1 6-
sD
9.59
606.
30r.34
160044 It ?1+1- 64
WIT!3 81307
.
2,.57
5.!'0 R.54
99.16
00e.58
6eq.1065.7 1
002
"7.54% 120.180 .9
135,74
(4.14 1007.34 153,9
GROUP 3
DATE DAY T". MUIIDINY
r., "-
a
640-6
0' 44" 6 7246lie 445 10104"
N
4603l
04 6- 0 to 611.7
BOYWRGT00.1OY'T IOYCMI.NOY 1617 T.*TOTAL so 1104 SO XtAl
FO CONSUMED SD' TA) DA0TE sD
5.67
6.66
ea* 11- 1It 2626.6s 17.39
6.5?
6.6-4
24.81
4.0k)
3.5'3
,c 0.06
6.66 00
WATER 813
sD
8.0
ol06
0. 0
45.h63
811?
36.33
9.69
$.$1
CONSUMED TOTAL TO DATE SD
6.06
6.66 6.6 79.07
6 15.36
4 72*0-6 34. 1- 6 It 244.11
12.14
0.61
Z5.64
1.5,2 too.%$
43.35
3.63
113.36
10.36
? ?*46-1 30+ 1-
K 6704M
16.71
0.514
1.69
27.76
1.49
104.86
ll.?
46.03
3,66
?63.49
Z5.36
1It1 20461
42,41
5 72+1-61Q+4 2-
M334
T.13
t,77
20.93
3.34
241.13
16.64
3%55
12,.61
36.54
16-4
It ?1+1-0 41-+6- a Is 3611.31 14.95
?. n
1.62, 67.64
1.64
6546.66 16.23
41,45
4,66
651.44
.9.3
21.' 4
14 ?1+0-0 46469- 2 It 32a.71
16.?6
7.13
1.16
a9.1?
1.94
304.34
62.30
41.651
3,7?
577.11
57.69
?I.,
16720-a 46*4is
16.65
4.61l
1,43
T,1
Z?.3 .49
426
63.15
lie' 44S
a Is "9. 13
ne 445 le rkw.-o 5r+.0- I IS 3.4.3
17.15
'00 41-2E1 71+11-0 .30- 3 16 35Z.04
?2.65
3. 49
:;V. 4'5 23 71*6-0 33 0- 1 16 3 e,6.3 5
20.63
4.19
1.0
5 !19n9 7.-0 54- 0- 1 16 3R73R.7 70.80~f 3.,"N
4431.10
2n.-.!
.10.08?
.4?
20.1 El~
5.3110.7
25.4I0L
413.35
.5'1
0.10
4.135 945 .03
41.31,
00.0,
3,23 .7 1.04
24.7
2.7*
G44. 4 ' 44.58
'le. 04
lo41
"n1,31
36
IT L .
Jt
4C.-5
0,1,3 34
4 1.07
4.20
74',,c-, V,.5.33 7'k 901
i' 7 54 11.8
103-1.61945.05
TABLE A-2 IMPIMSI4T t GICJP
4FODCMM&WAE
DATE bay Itto
6
To Ales
H U1811VV
16Y'bE114T KIRE to
1
too, .1
MI V TOTAL TO DATE
so
141
So
68L4
e.s6
6.75 ,1 6.31
6c84 47 c.ps
25.41 13 25391
4.8% 41-a1 45 31
56.!4 6.113 36.63 191141% 1.4.05 41.36 117 .4 46
Ma.l 6.66 .3
6.-6 414 1- 1 to 291,64 f
1646
?764
1,05
17.66
2.T0
R40.13
P2.31
41.46
3.7f30666.1
53.sr
ato 303.60 It
I.66
6.12
1,21
16.11
1d
o"7.3s
114.31
44,61
6.16
47e. S4
63,00
10.11o
GIGS
1.2648.7s
3.1
316411t 32.76
.13J0
694
6363
6
11..14
6,46
I.151
Z57
3N.Z% .10
443.04
31, 14
.4.,05
"l.3
(0
2Z.72
6.74
1.7?
2?". Iq
"-"
5n". 1"
4'. Om
03.Q.
-1,.M
77,7.84
M4.4 384
4,81
1.58
44.Sk
5I. Zt 57A
4q.7,"
41,37
8
24.56
1,73
1.3
4.'
s.37
24.22
4.13
2.20
Is 724-0 4z+ S- a 0; 318.75s
25.' 4e% te
-6r+- oT - 1 1183
. 21
M8' 4.5 a1 ?1+00 43+ 0- 3 It 4.15 23 r190-0 53+ a- 1 16 11.4.33 71 -0-M 3440-
Z.''4" ^ V
0.se
.4
6.86
1s a£1.16
ato' 4^' 14 14-6 40+ a- a to 323.6
10.1
61
113117 1.6 16.41
64 2. a
? 1+1-4 42* .
230' "'
TOTAL To DATE
)Mfkp
11.34
610-0
it' f1+636-2 11646- I to 236.46 ii ' a4.6 14 7e-I 6. p4- a to 10.41 ISO' 4.1
CHG, BODY W~T. 486~ so
1 16 1384,5
I'.S -el.3
6.66
6.6o
6.1 .66 6
C9.19 II.1 11,1tl
2.43
7'.39
",10.31A0)
44, 14
6.06
6.6
?S.N6 M640 1.0 96.33 666 3
I'S1 14.!Y7 li-. 37,
451.7 3'S,r414.7
4,.12 1 Mi73.S3 140. 4
GROUP 6 FWD1
bat
To, 4^S SO,
BODY WEIGHT 14 14686 so
DAY TEMP HUM41IITY
"
6
0+6-6
C140. BODY*WT, Xb68 SD
CONSUMED1 TOMA TO DATE
)K686
5D1
6+ 1- 6 it 214.40
12,5a
6.@6
6.66
6.05
600B
672+5-6 29+46- 1 14 ?31.05 r
Me?0
6.2ai
11
.15.57
1.0
6su. 33
14.1t
6.14
1.73
26.F62
2.13
103,1
OATIP ID
14686
oleo1 6.66 51.13
O.01
SD
C04SUMED TOTAL TO DA4TE SD
0.13
0.66
4.52
64.16
3.75
.4,1
7.GLI
42,13
131!1'
6.66 S.43
11lo, 4.5
4 ra46-6 344 1- a
14' 4AS
t
304 1- 3 14 073.4%
17.36
4.1 1
i.18
27.32
3,7
165,14
15.411
43.4?
5.24
M1.26
16.04'S
6 ?24-0 42+ 1- 1 1t M1,45
11.67
6.46
1.64
26.M
2.
41,54
0.30
41.60
4.41
3%0 . I
19.13
r.5.1 2.40
20,a55
'11
It 325,16
r2.4?
s.at
1.7?
26.24
6 1 N3.3I
4% 4.ke
6.73
1.43
e64."'
61.34
1.,
24
Ito, 4eS 11 711-Q
4,4%- a IS 305.46
ale 4^S 14 ?1+0-0 46.6aale 4^S 16l720-6 42+4L3' 4'S16 to I"Ae 4'21
2
44-z0 574 13- 1 11 Ml^1' 714-
3 15
4340 A*-
411!5s toI3Il
4.3
.4.,40
4,5%
41-5.31 $6. ?.1
3.02
36.!.?
30.5
.l..
9,5
613.1"
%3.0 4,4
445.4?
34.3
4.19
7041
l."
5044.k-4 373
2 .: 3a9 30.. cl~
71
1
.1
1
1 1Ir 373,27
26. VI
3, 44
1.. 24
.3
17,74
34K
ze 511 5n71+6-0 544 a- 1 16 38k.44
27.1m
-. 7'
1.4-1
.69
3. C
111
340' 4'! Z3 ?1-0-a 33+ 0-
30.4
33,.4
7t.,
Z4.4 44
108.es
.4 4
1.3 -. Q~[..
71
7.3
~7l4~,.
,
4..
173,
ll[~37'lI. .447
5 4.4
7,114 7
4
11c.'
114.7I
GROUP7 6 pool,
DATE DAY TEM
HIIY I1'6
7.e ".
6
Se des
2 746-0 as+46-
644-6
M1
B0DY 6MIGHT 14606 so
G+ 0- 6 16 11.4 1 16 232.64
C1447 BODY WT. so Sb 14686
14
D
0.08
0.00
16.76
0.30
1.11
26.416
1.S9
16.4 M0
,1.0
401114140 TOTAL TO I-ATE
0.86
11.68B
6ATER 1436
6D.
,0 1D 0
.60
3.1$P 44.45
"4.31
%D
4684130 TO7A L TO ZATE
SD
0.08
15.00
4.66
8o.8
6a .21
S.8 " 5,50
8.327.43
40.853 34,17
8.60
li.'415
472e4-0 344
41.6,4
16.46
a.6
1.I.18,27.23
2.12
t4, 4e5
7 pa41-I 36+ I - 2 16 275. 41
26.45
8,71
6.66
26.44
3.130
IV' 44
6a+6-0 42431- 1 It6211.56
226.6'
6.7r
1.66
21,.66
3,77
350.71S 31.%6
4r.11
1.73
42 1.6
44.54
16' 4
11 ? 1+1-6l4Q 16- 2 14 305,5?
23,61$
7.61
1.10
Z8.50
1.94
307.7rl
2AI
4r,38
5.11
$16.01
57.4's
ate 4'
14 7140-6 464 a- 3 Is 3"--S
Me.6
?.,)1
1.61
369
3.36
3".4.6
33.2!'
41,04
7. ?6
663.07?
61.'445 16 72+q-8 4a4 $- 2 Is 34.q4
27.33
6.118
1.51
11.55
!,.%1
'w..34
33,53
4k,.44 .1c, 6.(
"7.1
43-. '
05 4 1 ?3V 4.1521
1- 3 t
76+2-0 Sr740- 1 14 352,54
5. I;.3
2.94
3;07,--
4.44
3
4. 4.30 ,
1172
3Z-711
27
1 16 374.61
34.0)3
4.17
I 1.
31.l:
544 0- 1 16 384.46
35. 44
4.04
1.,45
V8.7
1-0-0 434 0- 3 16 3 C.1.47
36' 443 23 ?1+0-0 '534 0V. 54'1 VS
0-
11)7.3i& ?.$j M37,4
C7~0
. 15 43.7 4.31
1q.1.3 46 .85
" I
1111ki.44
'44. 41
-.
48,C2
70.B3
V'. 0' 1 .18.4
4%.U,
4,-
.MAN"
11.14
5,17
,r31 3'0 10.35 ').43
%G. 3. S c.3 11.77 14.'
I15915Z 161.4%) 11 8G,041657.
TABLE A-3
I
EXPERIMENT F GDOUr I
HUMIDITY
CHG. BODY WT. XBAR sD
FOODCOGSi1ITD TOTAL TO DATE SD
(.as 8
.8 .8
8.66
6.68
3.84
24.,-8
2.33
49.97
5.87
79.99
6.39
29.44
2.85
188.86
£6.68
2.68
147.13
12.30
29.25
2.8
196.62
1.33
2.29
195.09
16.37
32.46
2.82
261.54
23.63
24.59
2.2?
244.8?
26.52
39.26
4.43
346.11
31.83
25.76
2.54
32.16
27.25
37.86
4.29
451.29
43.53
1.62
25.79
2.13
373.75
30.76
38.77
4.72
528.63
51.80
6.11
1.83
26.11
2.00
425. .8
34.34
40.15
3.78
669.73
58.40
39.??
38.88
4.34
?2-.54
68.3.'
)GAR
a 6-
-- n 6 1127.24
10.85
0.8
6.86
8.0
8 .88
14' 54
2 72+1-I 624 2- 2 10 152.69
12.76
12.43
1.66
18.73
1.52
37.49
I/ 5."S
4 72 L-6 56
1- 1 16 176.14
12.85
9.83
1.69
21.2$
1.94
IS/ 515
7 72t1-6 57+ 1- 1 16 196.42
£5.63
8.76
1.41
2Z.38
21' 55
9 ?3+0-6 58+ 6- 6 16 212.57
15.29
0.07
1.04
24.26
23e54 It 74.6-1 63. 6- 3 IS 23052
£6.96
6.96
1.79
as- 5/5 14 7546-3 70.16-IS 14 257,69
£6.56
9.66
|.57
26."5/S 16 78+6-1 04+ 4- 4 16 272.65
26.27
7.4
8.0
SD
CONSUMED TOTAL TO DATE
SD
I2 3-5
£6 2618.06 26.49
Wittl XNAS
DAY TEMP
30)- 5e5 £8 720-6 70+ 2-
H
BODY WEIGHT XBR SD
DATE
SD
0.8
2-. 6,-5 Z1 72.1-0 61+ 3- 0 15 311.38
22.80
7.21
1.6£
27.??
2.10
50..
23 7t.O-t 61+ £- 6 £5 327.02
22.92
7.62
2.56
20.58
3.42
567.33
41.7£
40.90
4.41
81(.34
75.24
£6 338.44
24.57
5.7£
1.8
26.48
2.45
624. 12
41.0K
41.48
4.51
85,.
02.832
c')+ 8- 0 16 357.97
25.58
6.51
8.97
27.09
1.%6
?7.0
49.G1
36.96
4. 1?
4..6"
6/ 645 25 6C+2-0 6+.0- 0 9e G*4 28 ?I+eGROUP
DATE
£0083.1 9I.k .
2
DAY TEIM HUMIDITV
H
BODY M4IGHT CHG. BODYWIT, XBDK so XMAR SD
XBA
FOODCONSUMED TOTAL SD TO DATE
WTER SD
XBAR
SD
CONSUMED TOTAL TO DATE SD
£2- 5,'5
6
£29.65
3.94
8.66
8.86
e.e
6.66
8.66
6.6
8.0
6.66
6.66
14' 55
2 r2.1-1 424- 2- a £5 £48.28
9.'3?
9.32
3.68
*5.18
1.85
36.35
3..?
25.87
3.45
50.13
6.G6
1/
4 721-6 56+ 3- 1 £5 £46.44
11.22
9.66
2.86
E1.35
1.66
79.05.
6.3£
38.63
4.28
111.48
14.12
7 72+1-6 574 I-
54
6+ 6-
6*8"
i
e.8e,
£2.6.
6.43
2.43
23.68
1.75
148.30
£6.84
29.81
3.5?
280.83
23.98
21/ 5"5 9 131e-8 50+ 0- 0 £5 288.2£
13.04
8.24
2.56
24.82
2.86
197.95
13.47
32.48
3.58
265.79
30.45
6346- 3 15 224.54
14.68
8.17
2.76
24.09
2.10
247.72
17.11
48.15
4.86
346.09.
38.78
16.12
9.24
2.??
25.70
2.6
?24.5
72.85
37.97
4.S2
£1676+8-I 64 4- 4 15 267.53 36' 55 £8 72+0-8 3.+ 2- 8 £5 282.30
34.57
7.63
2.34
26.26
2.10
2.5C
27.68
3.12
26.54 20.71
36.78 43.41
4.23 5.51
58.1.
7.43
3774 3 112.9
537.55
17.97
64.37
6 .9
65 21 72t1-0 61+ 1- 0 14 .72.05
18.81
?.62
3.9
00.2£
1.92
517.3_4
33.,1 E
9. 8
6.21
7-1,. 17
63.;
1- 0 15 319.69
2.99
0. .5
4.38
2$.41
2.%9
576.16
38.12
41.2;
4.47
85.71
91.61
e/5 25 66*2-8 60+ 8- a 15 330.33
2Z.97
5.32
1.29
28.26
1.73
G32.68
40.52
41.84
:2.92
187.79
90.04
t5 1 358.78
23.55
6.79
2.38
28,39
2.70
717.46
48.12
36.77"
5.28
19e 55
23/ 54 It ?4+6-1
1 Is 191.72.
26e. 5,5 14 754-3 76+18-10 1 252.26
"
29e
2,
4" 645 21 7t. 6,
2
91 6-5 23 ?1*83-u GO+ GOUP
DATE
DAY TEMI' HUMIDIT
N
BODYWEIGHT XAIIS SD
12.23
6.88
6.86 068
4.9P
1.55
16 54
4 ?2-1-0 364 1-
)9B 5' s
6+0 8-6
6+ 6- a £6 1£2.56
FOODCONSUMED TOrAL SD TO DATE XBAR
CHG. BODY £WT. SD XAS
a'S 72.-1 162+ 2- 2 10 142.90 12.37
5
459.',9 51.30 4.5 5
£018.09 111.71
3
14/
It/
*
72+1-6 574
-
£6.51
SD
XBAS
WATER CONSUMED TOAL SD TO DATE
8.68
SD
6.88
e.80
6.6
8.68
6.69
8.66
1.45
33.8i
2.69
22.67
3.4£
4S.-3
.08
72.59
6.49
28.83
2.20
I0 95
9.27
5?
£92.40
14.82
1£6 £59.89
£2.76
8.16
1.84
1£6 £84.63
16.13
8.5£
1.46
21.39
2.34
'36.78
£2.85
29.82
6.82
25G86.24 18.82
58+ 6- 6 15 266.9)
£7.26
8.14
6.84
23.62
3.11
184.4£
16.41
32.88
4+4-I 63+ 0- 3 16 217,14
16.66
6.12
1.35
24.28
3.76
232.96
25.43
36.59
..6
333.43
25.48
44746-3 70+10-10 16 243.45
21.62
8.?
1.36
24.59
3..3
386.73
33.72
37.Ir
4."
444.91
36.42
269, 5,5 £6 78+6-1 64+ 4- 4 16 255.63
501.22
43.94
(.04 ?
51.Ho,
21e.'5 23" 54It 5
26
22.81
6.69
1.32
25.13
3.12
356.95
39.36
48.35
£6 72+0-0 91),- 2- 6 I 2A9.54
24.56
6.57
1.61
25.8
3.72
413.95
46.P3
41.49
4.63
6'5 21 72+1-0 61+ 1-8 £6 292.56
?7.2?
7.1.
1.39
26.7£
3.6
4F;6.09
55.16
39.03
.1.86 7Z1.30
0.Z5
1.94
26.86
3.46(
5-7.81
59,90
37.60
4.20
1.78
26.31
2.94
595.4
19 6.1.
48.5£
7.0.
1.97
27.46
3.30
A77.9
7' .4a.
3.40
'8, 5,4 2,
9 73.-0
4//'5
23 ?1+0-1 $,+ 1- 8 IS 389.05
6, S's 25 66+2-80
8.e.46
+ 8- 8 £6 317.0GO 30.41
9'h6'- 28 ?1.8-0 6 + a- 0 £5 338.6?
34....
38
k>
.4?
Al. BA
796.51
73,18
c.0
8,7 .53
63.44
5.4
9
,.30
1.73 97.9£
;r
.
-!-*a
I
. -
I Jl .. . _
.........
~, ....
.. ,.++.,
...
...
.
TABLE A-4 1 ou 4 EFOODT
i
DATE
DAY TEMP
I?, 54s
PO.*IiE
HUMIDITY
8"-a
BODYWEI1HT kBAt SD
H
0+ 8- a t8 131.01
CHG. BODY WT. XBHR 'i)
XBAR
S1
WATER CONSUMED
TOTIL 1"0EnITE SD
XPAR
61D
T'5."L TO DATE SD
22.46
8.8l8 8.88
OO
8.08
0.88
8.88
8.88
8.88
2- 2 16 141.32
12.,9
5,16
1.53
16.35
0.97
32.7
1.94
22.55
2.26
45.11
4.S2
I26/5.5
4 72*1-0 54* 1- 1 16 158.34
13.V?
8.5,
1.26
14.82
1.5?
72.33
4.75
28.?
2.98
282.66
B.8G
IS/. 5
9.10
14, 5,'S 2 2+1-1 6e
0.88
P ?2 1-9 57+ 1- 1 16 182.19
15.46
7.95
1.16
21.53
1.69
13.93
21 5.-5 S ?3#0-0 58+ 8- 8 13 L9O8.5
17.38
.43
13,4
23.80
1.9
182.92
23/
19.86
P.12
2.54
23.62
2.0
30.15
8.')
2.39
24.2?
2.23
302,.5
6.73
1.24
24.4s
2.14
351.07
70- 5.S 10 72.0-M S8, 2- A 2I 20?6.4? 21.0 7-15 7- 4-), 22 72+1-0 .+ 1- 0 1 235j.4% 5.01c 7.,'
2.27 1.01
25. 02! 25494
2.'40
) .').I2 '?.3 47.r7 .1. 14.A2 I
2.0'
24.33
e.3 "32.
1. .;
1.57 e3
2.2
9523".3-1 !-4 I.?.7X"".2
26.70
1.03
1114..:5
22 34*6-1 6300- 3 16 212.30 11
26, 5." 14 75+6-3 7?+10-18 16 238.836 212.41 ,5 "
14 P8.0-1 644 4- 4 16 251.'2
4" 6'S 23 ?+8-
52
V. 6'5 25 £-3+2-0 5' 6.-S ,8
2?.0-
DAYTlMP
I22 5-5
8
2- 4 IG 305.05
25.61
8- 8 16 316.38 0'
'5.23
.03 0-
' 16 3363.71
n5.28
8. I:'
-1.7:1
0. $1;
29.28
2.67
190.26
15.50
22.'.5 32.13
3.52
254.92
21,92
14.9?
38.41
4.432 331.4
29,52
20.14
37.56
4.93
441.41
43.0.4
20.t33 30..;
b.85
528.83
53.7%
r,.33 .,5
607.21f 30.7 72,..-' 75.,',
3 O ".
3:, ...
.
'3.2I3
1
..
4.1.
-,.7'3 7 7. I
457
HUMIDITY
81S-8 00
BODYWEIGHT XBAR SD
H
e- 8 1G 132.58
CHG. BODY W4T. >bAR SD XBAR
FOOD,CONSUM'1ED Tu2i. 51D TO DATE SD
..
f:;
.23.-'
WA.TER COiINi ED TOTAL SD TO DATE SD
(3,13
t.38
8,88
8.88
08
0.88
8.08
24' 8,-S 8 72*1-2 62 - 2 28 146.89 11.75
6.9$
2.59
27.87
1.15
34.4
742.37 4.27
0.80
o,8o
0.08
6.88
0.00
2."10 N6.54
1.50
45.88
3.01
20.8!3
1.52
101.26
6.042
Z76.25
2.92
2619.72
22.29,
247.38
14.817
2IV 53J
4 Pal-O 56" 2- 1 15 163.86
12.22
8.49
1.12
28.!6
1.39
29' 545
71+1.-n 974 2- 1 26 188.34
24.23
B.216
1.25
22.34
2.45
23 . 38
73-8-0 584 8- 8 26 283.84
2.82
205.f"4 22.65
21/ 5/5S
42.27 . .7i
5
GROUP DATE
23.42
8.83
8.07
24.46
7.76
2.32
23£?,
- 3 16 19.1
15.92
7.62
1,46
Z2.805 Z.2I5 231.33
24.8
26' 5.5 14 ?5.6-3 76418-10 16 245.?4
28.45
13.88
1.57
24.02
Z.81
33.39
20.24
35.65
3,58
427.73
30,.0C
28, 5-5 i6 7a+801 64* 4- 4 16 257.33
19.65
5.70
1.6,5 24.01
2.15
1'31,1
24.10
35.67
:.05
49'.48
37.93
25n72.o-o sR* 2- A 26 272W.
'0.38
. ?.f) 4
1.0.0
.223,5
70.'.2
3S.73
.'-
2272.2 0 ;1+ I2- 0 h4 262.54
0.54
6., 7
2.22 .
4/ 6,5 23 ?12.-1 4P+ 2- 0 16 344.,l
21.98
7.
1.61,5C
2a.? N..3
4.7"
1,3
...2
21.85
5.38
2,37
5.C0
23.-51U 11 74+0-1 63+
"0,8 5,5 ..
,' e.5 Z5 G.36 -8 GO+ 0- a02 3 9' 6-'52
?120-8 £2I+0-
DATE DAY TEMP
0
08 88
.
HUMIIDITY 0
83 0-
H
BODY WEIGHT X6BR SD
129.84
1
14' 545. 2 72*1-1 J2+ 2- Z 14 1.91 -
CHG. BODY WiT. >2363 Sb2
248R
4,.
22
927.13 54,3'
2.02
.
'1.30
:,7. .2 42 53."
47.0?
1
.
320,.79 21.u?
...
,3,.0
4.1.7
.:5. 1
.:,S
'.-w X
-. 37
32.,4
:3.04
.
'.
5'."
1;.*11,..1 "-1 127.'
6 .:
!8o3
SD
CONSU'EtD ToTAL To DATE £SD
8.88F
O.88
.88
8.88
8.88
8.84
8.88
8.o
-so
e.e
7.45
3.89
17.51
22 9
35.03
2.22
23.66
3.53
47.31
7.32
11.35
9.38
3.74
28.9?
2.54
74,6,
4.75
29,a5
3.69
ll,4Q
13.70
1.03 1.66
1.11.71 7.92 192.35 20.41'
24.53 32,0G
3.71 3.58
194.02 25b.14
23,70 25.43
0
19-'55 21 5/5
? ?2+1-0 57+ 1- 2 14 188.42 9 73'0-8 58+ 8- 8 14 285.28
11.8? 13.0?
0.30 8.43
3.43 3.51
22.58 23.,2
124 163.54
4TER SD
22.2
4 ?231 0 93;
1-
FOODCOMSUMED TOTAL SD TO DATE
12.81
26. 5.-5
227'1 5.5
.J.,4
2.4' .
71 1
2.01 . 10
-36.7a 3.05
6
GROUP
12 5"
IG 332.43
.1')
3i..o3 P.24
1 ?14+8-163+ 8- 3 14 2,81
11.50
7.86
3,39
24.53
1.71
241.41
22.67
38.71
5,.28 3^.,21
14 ?5+6-3 70+110-2 14 24824
27.99
.38
3,95
25.91
2.61
329. 13
21.13
37..5S
5.Ol
449,4
51.2
20.' 5,5 26 ?646-2 64* 4- 4 14 2G4.25
28.35
7.56
3.4?
26.210
2.59
31,32
23.55
36.81
5.02
52.1,0)
60.11,2.
';A, 515 1s ?2+0-0 5.,l+2- 0
22.64 1.86
7.00
2.42
2G.41
1,3
I 2.54 i
29.l2
41.,.3
23.43
8.22
37.9
2.30
7.',
3.75
5.;
2.75
26, 3'
2. 9'
4-3 I.-G-
13
2l 7221-83 421+ I- 0 24 3124.4 23 ?10-1 G2+ 1- 0 14 310,3G 25 GG30-0 fli+0 - 0
14 32.6*.2V.22 +0
i
4,2, 'f
2 0.
K?
221,5r7 . 7.5,.'
.
.
19'
.9
,11.4
"
31
''2
17
45
5.57
3:4..
41 421.25 1.?b,3. .2'
i
9
.
2,
4,7:3 l 99.,
1 4.
illii3
70..,
02.2. 9 73.4' C01..03.
4D-
,.
.,.~ 2
..............................
-. 45
39..-
m
TABLE A-5 EXPERtIMMlT G FMDO CLOi'SUMD DIATE
2.3."41"3 ,
6,3
DARYTEMP
0- 0-
0 4N
03.".?
10.40
1 4e
lO
I .50
0-0
2? ,347r2.0-04 31.)
6.15
7
2
?21-
2,51
5
13
44 4I
14,o ti
8,54
1.05
15.58
$3.00
16.37
4.85
.
0-
1- 0 40 3
I4 -2.k
22'
7/5
I8 72.0-I1
24'
7,3 22
1'l
?'5 Z23 7II-) -',
'1
I8'
-6
03'
5
74.0-2
4 48
,l+ 1)-
?$.+o-n c7+ 3
3
-1I
311.28
4.
3 13'.41
4$
355.33 1
' 9 '!,27,55
l 1-
-;I- M-
0 48. 17, F
(9.00
0.00
1.7,6
47.14
1.21 3R
.85
2. 41
20.6k
2.03
2.34
5'~
.5
.,
2.217
.Z
2.0 0.25
8.00-
1.45
21.55
4.54 31,
18.05
3.21
4).'TER
TOTALE
TO I-ATE
S1,
.00O
1.2
8.14
'0. 1*73.4
);Blip
0.01'
l2.'S
14 72ll-e .+
7e5
.8,A
4$ 3'3 .C5
-,8+-0Ga. a-
5'
CM0
0
3' ?'S 26 72*2-2 62' Z- 0 48 27.,32 7-
CHG. BOD' 2J. XbI:r, 1,
BODY WEIGHT NBAR SD
H
73-0-0 0,3+ 0-
a 2
'
HUMIEII.
X BAI
SD
9.00U S.53
16.39
22-. 6Q3
U.83
.
*-
TOTAL TO DAT'IE 51)
0.00
.00
0.8O
a.80
33.44
3.35
66.08
7.30
3.83
137.30
14.52
-. 1.4
3.82
241.82
R5.44
70
3. 53
325.q0.
31.58
9e4.81').2
.()4 04.86
¢CC,SUM'ED
SD
248.4?
U3.45
410.06
4.45
355.88
?5.56
2..17
357.56
27.41
"-.'.'0
3.
4M'.561
48.5
77.5,
2.03
413.55
32.4*)
"ii0,'4
5.33
'51.48
5.,11
1.--.3
7.70
3.'10
-168.71
31 .01
12.a" :
7',
3.'.'
55c,'
45.k::I
Z4..7 77',.2'.22
2$,?
24.77
4.1
2.2.
17,11
5.00
2.24 -
'.i
"..
27.4-1
2.23
.1-11
....
:I'.T4 05.I
1.
5,.q;,
.,.5
52."
.42
4.'
.,7 4.34
9"9.79
9513,0 "
.
".',I'
5.70
%I1.7 02.4.7'
1.;":'
''
5.,)
05?.5: 7
,
e'
7,5 273 9 7410-A 4'- 9 0
DATE
23'
"5
2" Z?7
A/5
1Ci.'615 Z.
?,3
DAY TEMP
8
Iq 35n.n8
NUMIDIT'
ti
8 48
" OD' IEIGiT X12R f.1
2)4.55
r',i. 812D',' WiT. 412P. S1D
FOnI'
1% 750 .'
"T8AR
C.ilSUrIE D TO'TALI TO DATE
S
i.%TEP 'E
3.79
-2.7'
3.7
3.7, 0
3.1,5
233.54
14.751
3. ' .4
2'~.4.1
25.28
4.321
71.03
33.72
343.,4
37.34
9,18
e.00
.3
1 471 221.13
11.57
8 .21
1.5
22.72
1.5
4
1 "48 aZ.75
I2.35
?.$
2.25
23."I
a.29
.IF.28
7.%4
7 72'20e A3' 0- 1 43 151."4
23.86
8.403
2.2'S 24.Z-5
2 .32
2305,03
14.2
3
2'.5 4.)-9
28.53 17.7
".114
0+
8-
7+0-0 62. 0
S 709I-0
2
0-040
o 0.210
U. cc
M. 00 45.44
15.55
8.84
2.5 4
a- 6 40 273.43 2
15.14
3.73
2 .75
-15.03
2.44
24X, ..)
14 ?I+1-0 622
0- 0 48 3)5.94
18.5!51
.2
j.(25
.?'.67
2.4
75.2;
9.43
16 72'1-0 '3
21-
.7
.3.2
2.':.
27M50
2."-.,
405.4
4.70
1. t.
'31 7/5
I0
7' 715 9'
'5
11
-"5 28 ?72+'-
14' 75227Zit
2
I-I.1
C'*
I4V.143
00 0.
48 32,.3i
0- 6 4S 332.,7
-'-
21,17
2477I5"
9.310 .5..,
.4a
1
0.00
65.167.29
,
2 ...
.2.'Z
.21
4,8
439
3.,,0
41.40
5.50
5,7."3
(5.42
.3-,0-24 3:1.41
41."5
,
C5.2 01
5.4 4
.J'.'.
.-.
,
, ?3-'3 235
g3. I-A
4$' 340i.7V
2.3..
5.9
:.'. ."
,"''2.3'
.,:4
t"'',,,) 44t.'7
25 74+0-1
63+ 0- .
,4b 34.6,55
24.97
4.13
2.0
:"
,.:5
,014.22' 53.44
4? 393.55
?.:'2
4.,0
2.-I. ,
28 ?4-0-0 64- 0-
5.t00
5D
3q.3
1I."
71S
1.00
) 120 5.25
20.90
10' 7', 1'
CON5U'MED' TOTAL. TO DTE
SU
2 ?3*8-0 e3+ 6-
0-0-0
228.8 ",
"'
40IAI.Ij
735.24
61.,')
'
,55,
'":'10 I,
.7.44 7.1,
$.:
5.73 -'r 4
'
:"
"I.'l . I
2I,"?
10".12P.741 2.73
IL
TABLE A-6 Ef EP IMUHT W I
GROUP
FOOD CONSUMED DAYS
5 5-
m
6
,'5
8e. 8a It
ma
£3." 9ea
DAY TEl'M
HUMIDITY
86.i-9
6+ 0- 6
s's
£6 197.81
WATER
TOTAL TO DATE
'D
XiAII
sD
CONSUMED TOTAL TO DATE
SD
8.68
6.86
8.60
0.6U
6.00
6.08
6.66
23.59
2.35
23.3
2.35
34.29
3.56
34.29
3.56
3 71+1-0 63+ 0-
1 £6 220.42
13.15
7.88
2.23
?4.31
2.33
72.24
6.54
33.8
4.70
£02.85
12.49
6 ?2+6-6 65+ 8-
16 243.53
£5.3t
?.s
1.58
25.28
2.60
14.89
14.23
32.98
4.54
28.?4
25.57
*
16 262.65
1£.05
9.56
1.92
25.63
2.0
19.36
19.61
34.33
5.33
269.39
35.47
1 16 276.2
19.65
E.78
.I?
?5.54
2.6
2560.44
24.64
35.97
4.83
341.33
44.87
I- & £6 36e.40
1.74
8.84
1.35
27.e
3.62
331.59
33.41
35.46
$.'IS 447.52
61.75
22.52
0.47
1.66
2.91
2.95
387.41
39.12
35.35
5.45
518.22
72.11
22.52
5.58
1.35
27.13
2.73
441.67
43.81
37.03
5.49
592.20
V,'-!
6.6J3
1.67
10.54
2.60
527.2
51.81
31,4r
5.9.%
701.501
28.32
2.58
543.82
56.64
34.26G 6.14
7.91
Z.17
639.74
66.25
237.46
5.94
29.8"
L.46
755.23i. 6.81
26.67
5.17
736-0 64+ 8- 6
68+
8-
8-
15 ?10-06
2?/ 815 22 72+0-1
8
£6 31?.34
67+ 6- 8
0*0-6
GC'JU
e+
9.7,4,6
8- 1 £6 34.'.0l1 25.29
2701-0 66+ 0- 0 24
911 26
DATE
SD
2.97
25, 8/5 26 72+--0 7i+
2
*3A3
7.84
22e- 6'5 £7 ?2+6e8 69+ 0- I 15 329.5£
29e"
CHG. BODY .T?. XDAR sD
£8.65
6,e, -1 £3 ?4+666-'
BODY hSIGHT XBR S.
1 F3+03-044+ 8- 0 16 285.85
6.-3 £6 ?4+a-e 6r.
IS.
H
9-
0.8
V.6
16 362.L"
25.32
6.08
1.39
16 371.7
295.86
4.86
1.33
£6 313.6
26.62
5.47
1.8
6.150
. lI..4
774.02
:e..94 122.77 62
17i
2
DAY TEMP
HUMIDITY
6 +.0-8 6
N
BODY iZIGHT N8AR SD
CHG. BODY WT. X2AR SD
X9AR
FOOD C ISUMED TOTAL SD TO DATE
WATER SD
XBAR
SD
8.e
COiSUMED TOTAL TO DATE
SD
6- 8
£6 18.16
13.94
6.86
8.88
6.08
8.66
6.80
8.85
Se'
I r3+01-8 64+ 6- 6
£6 197.I?
14.40
9.8?7
2.89
23.06
2.09
23.06
2.09
33.?6
4.45
33.76
4.45
Se 0'5
3 71.1-8 63+ 6-
1 16 211.74
16.29
7.28
1.29
23.69
1.69
70.81
5.67
33.84
4.27
10!.44
12.57
16 237.37
18.2e6
6.54
1.24
25.18
1.78
146.33
1.67
32.59
4.31
199.22
25.19
16 2t,5.64
26.44
5.14
1.65
25.67
2.17
197.68
14.35
32.56
4.76
265.13
34.09
268.87
21.01
6.GI
1.33
25.76
2.13
249.68
18.1£
35.10
4.92
335.32
.43.57
16 29 .52
23.16
7.89
1.31
26.86
2. 5
325.64
24.,79
34.58
4.82
439.84
57.32
25.64
8.686
1.4e
27.93
2.58,
3531
28.74
34.3!t
4.65
507.03
1591
6 324.11
25.87
?.14
1.48
27.35
3.38
440.0:
33.7?
34.81
5.8£
579.84
76.'t.l
1 18 343.56
26.74
C.C1
I.0"
?.9.04
3. I
51527.70
41.71
7123
4..A3
*5.
n .
£6 '3159.01 28.11
7.52
1.35
26.23
2.25
584.3C
45.66
7,4.15
4.6i7
7.,"3
16 368.44
26.94
4.72
2.86
22.19
2.40
640.74
4.5.50
25.67
A.
16 3".2.89
31.55
5.90
1,30
29.12
2.45
757.49
59.15
35.84
4.78
TOTAL TO DATE
SD
43R
SD
72.6-0 65.
£.e 8/5
6- 8
ma3 6 73.M-6 64+0-
13. 1£5
.5
IS/ 065
as-
16 74-e-8 G7
6-
1 i
13 74+6-Z 68+ 1- 2
ma5 £5 ?1+6-0 66+ 6- 6 16 365-.84
?Pen05
? ?+O-6 69. 8-
25, 8-5
20 72+8-3 ?1+ 0-
£
67+ 0-
27,
8a -s ?2.6-I
29
8'5 24 70.1-0 66+ 8- 6
2/ ',-3
208 8+6-9 GROUP
DATE
Se Ba 6
0.86
8.80
SI
38.4
5,0; .2 I47," -'..51,'24.
S
3
DAY TESP
6
6+ 8- 8
.808
HUMIDITY
6+0-6 80
"85 1 738-6
6-
8
H
£6 192.44 16
64+6 0-
BODY WEIGHT BARN SD
CHG. BODY W'T. HIAR SD
WATER CONSUMED
FOODCONSUMED XPAR
9.1?
6.68
6.80
8.66
08.21
£1.04
?.??
2.91
23.84
SD
6.6 ?.09
TOTAL 10 DATE
SD
0.86
8.66
6.68
6.6O
9.60
0.0
23.e4
2.89
34.18
5.15
34.18
5.15
8e Se5
3 71+1-8 63+ 8-
1 16 216.59
£1.69
6.19
1.51
24.69
1.68
72.43
5.89
34.57
4.44
103.31
13.C.8
Ile 05
72+068 656 0-
16 243.94
14.28
9.12
1.35
25.72
1.64
149.59
$.65
34,34
3.80
206.34
24.99
8 ?3+0-6 64+ 6- 8
16 261.6?
16.54
8.87
..71
26.22
1.99
2802.83
13.42
3S.68
4.2?
277.7£
32.04
I
£6 276.44
19.32
?.36
1.85
25.93.
2.15
g53.89
£7.41
36.35
3.68
358.41
38.73
16 362.32
21.86
8.63
1.23
27.96
2.29
337.58
21.73
36.31
4.29
459.34
50.62
16 326.33
23.78
9.61
2.1?
28.19
2.'46
393.97
25,90
36.47
4.45
532.28
54.11
333.37
24.39
6.52
1.46
20.53
2.22
451.02
38.17
39.79
4.18
611.07
1 14 353.78
27.05
G.60
1.49
09.45
2.711
531-.30
37,2*
30S.10
4.42
72.1. 1
79.917
16 ,64.41
29.37
?.G2
2.3
8. .32
2.83
598.01
42.41
37. ?
4.54
-. 1.71
ES. Q
IS 31
7
31.52
3.'3
,.
Z8.76 216
2,Z8
655,53
4A.16
39,33
5,40
c74"'..A
95 "
398.50
34,21
5,31
1,56
7'9.11
2.73
771,9C
55.:?
37.9
5.75
13
8"S
IS.
S'S
16 r4+-0
s?+ 8-
".S 13 ?4+6-2 66+ 1- 2
16' e9 "
15 7t.6-8
66- 6-
22a ma
1? 72+-8 69+
251 9'5 28 ?2+6-8 27" 8'S 22 ?2+8 29/ Z
1
71+ 0-
0-c-0
1 1
?+ 0- 6
815 24 rOI-D 66+ 9,'5 26
-
6
o
- 6 0- 6
i6
|~~~~~~
mil
41
j~~r;--
>.
a wII
~
t.2.
t1,.
1
~ ~
;
~(C
54
... ..n ..i . ,
*'*
+S+(+~,
:
TABLE A-7 GROUP 4
HUMIlDIT
DATE DRY TEf?
24
BODYWEIGHT SD AR
CHG. BODYWT. sD REAP
HOAR
FOODCONSUMED TOTAL TO)DATE sD
WATER sD
REAR
SO
CONSUMED TOTAL TO DATE SD
V. S'S
8
a. 0- 0 i0 188.15
22.36
0.05
6.009
6.08
0.08
8.00
6.00
8.668
41 84s
2 73+0-8 S6t. 0- 6 16 186.34
11.4?
7.99
2.42
21.80
2.08
21.88
1.60
31.1
3.06
31.51
3. Ole
11- 6/5
37?1+1-8 63+ a- I 20 210.63
12.6?'
e. 14
1.02
23.21
2.98
68.90
5.73
32.45
3.16
%.,40
9.00
11, 84S 6 72-e-8 65* 0- 8 26 Z35.61
14.38
8.33
2.30
24.53
2.75
142.49
18.42
31.59
3.49
192.38
26.90 25.43
0+0-0
0.60
8.0608.86
8l-6 10 252.63
25.66
8.52
2.30
24.83
2.55
192.1$
135.33
32.98
3.3?
250.35
150 845 ID ?4+0-0 67. 8- 1 26 264.;15
15.95
5.62
1.160
24.65
1.67
241.46
16.29
73.28
3.31
324.74
18' 645 F) 74*0-2 60. 1- 2 16 k87.48
2756
7.74
1.40
25.12
1.84
319.24
2,1.81
33.69
3.42
4,15.83
20--0415 7*0-86 64*8- 8 16 303.99
29.74
0.25
2.04
26.20
2.63
371.79
24.62
33.98
3.93
493,63
ARIA
19.58
4,51
2.90
27.1?
3.98
426.12
3123
35S.22 3.6?
563.08
5-.17
PS/'085 28) 72--0-43 71+ 8- 1 16 33 2.82
23.53
C,.6.4
2.030
?7.24
7-4.7,5
4.53
66A. 32
Ve 045 22 r2*8-1 67* 0- a 16 34C.43
24.91
6.76
1.42
27.19
2,01
561.32
40.77
3.C2
7.62
7346
73.1,.2
3.62
1.67
27.1?
2,07
6251 .65
42.74
36.43
4. l
205. 14
74.22
41.75
1.19
27.$
7' .19
?24;i%:
$0 or,
b4.2c*
3.9 5
13e Boos 0 73+0.6
4*
8- 1 14i313.02 I?720-6 ',f)* 1?5
??e
0/.56 24 '0.1-0 66480- 8 15 7353.06 26.23 2' D's 28
8+0-0
04 0- 0 26 .372.66
26.59
6."I
.. E1
*
507.02
*
*
32.64 40.99
*
1.5
'G
007
GROUP 5
DATE DAY TEMP HUMIDITY
H
BODYWEIGHT REAR SO
0+ 6- 0 10 292.62 22.20
CHG. BODY61T. SD REAR
ROAR
WATER
FOOD CONSUMED TOTAL SD TO DATE
SD
ROAR
SD
CONSUMED IOTAL TO DATE SO
3.063 8.80
5e Ties
a
0.80
8.138
00
0.28
8.06
8.86
8.06
6.06
0' 8/5
1 73*0-8 64+6-0 816 290.6f
22.56
6.66
8.03
23.88
3.43
23.60
3.43
33.54
3.48
33.54
0e8"
3 7141-663+ 0- 2 26 224.36
23.24
7.84
2.32
24.22
2.66
72.2J9 5.12
34.26
3.90
282.6?
8.AI
It2,-9546 72+4-8 45* 6- 0 16 240.99
24.66
6.66
8.95
25.76
2.89
149.96
20.69
34.24
3.2
264.48
17.50
64+ 0- 6 16 259.17
25.96
9.89
2.57
24.73
3.44
263.02
27.13
35.94
4.56
2767
25.63
67+ 8- 2 25 2172.88 26.48
5.96
2.44
25.89
1.92
2S4.82
29.69
35.38
4.65
346.668 34.39
13e S'S
0+0-0
8 73+06
2-5'85 20 ?4.60
3.48
17.1080.29A
2.28
27.53
2.40
337.42
27.A2
35.75
5.32
453.93$
48.22
29e 8415 72.8-6 664 8- 0 !6 322.56
27.65
7.02
2.23
27.*8
2.54
393.3C
31.76
35.27
6.20
524.4?
C2.17
21' 8,1517 72-0-8 69'.0- 1 26 2-23.27
27.95
3.85
2.72
V7.47
2.34
443.32
35.2?
38.22
5.0 11)
5e A/!% 28 72.0-0J72* 0i- 1 26 3 41.139 2801?
4.2
2.7$1
3.32
SV 2. 19
425.1
:A7 3 q
0,.49 712.3'
2.0 l
%..O
594.
33
13 74+6-2 68+ 1- 2 26 295.93
28-'8
27'e 6e'
22
20l 64 24
12. - +70- 0 26 359,.23
16.27
7.6?,
68. 0- a 15 317.214
20.65
4.060 I.27
I'8.04
CHG. BODY WT. ROAR SD
R
9*-
GROUP
'ATE
DAY TEMP. HUMIIDIT'
I 73+6-0 64V 8- 0 16 3 71-1-
BODY WEIGHT ROAR SD
64 - 6+IS 192.32
8
4, Ile e 015
6.-0
H
5+68,6
I' 8"
99.56
63+ 6- 2 16 225.02
6 72.*- 65* 0-
9.55 26.48 169
5 16 242.56 13.05
/2 73.-0 64+ 0...-0 A5 k tB8 .. 15.23 6,4 . 2 259.29 3/ 8e5 07,0-..".....s
25' 8'S 10 74--80670- 2 1 267.42 Joe 9I' 13 740-2 68 201. S
2- 2 15 295.49
5s' 720-0 66* 0- 8 26 322.72 s8 1 ?12.-86*6-
5'
72 O' 720-0 7.
/
1'54 22 72-0-2 67+ 0-
79'
B'S
263124.45 1
A- 1 16 3
0+0-0
15.56
6 2; 7,5F,
0+ 0- a 15 390.37
7..19
2. 05
0.00
O.0E
2.206
23.24
2.51
7.73
1.39
26.37
6.4
.65 12.3
25.84
5.45
5,96 6.02.
6.22
.RI
SD
CONSUMED TTAL TO DATE SD
8.8
0.00
0.0
2.51
32.54
3.60
3,54
75.98
24.26
33.03
4.26
98.61
153,48
29.87
31.919
vAA 4.42
94.66
.B 0. 6.6 23.24
0.8 3.68 22.75 24.9
4.1 9. 5, 92?04.47 35,.37 33.9 3
454.96
322,.42 .
3.9 34.29
39.5?
34.02
4,76
332.03
42.94
4.64
339.27
53.0
35.0
5.48
437.24
!:.S3
339 1376 f
6.2
63 0
3.13
5.A4
;.6
27.3(
1I.
2.4-4 205
3194.22
2157
440.E9.
2.41 4.2
7.
5.49
WATER SO
121; 1'3.2
257,32
1tIA
15.19
6.42
, 3.50
2.72
41.34
30.21
91t?
7R6..9.1 l0~
2 .63
8.62
23.76
4.93
.4 ,8 25.49
. 1.32
19.90
fl'3 2
*
r 3 3.50
.0717
1,.71 2.43 .46
Z-.,54 64
852I.66 59.22
¢QOM ED FOOD TOTAL 70 TO DATE
7.24
6.o t.tO
0.0Z
2?.22
141.4 :0.72
24 ?0-1-0 6C,- 0- 0 16 303.43
2' 9,15 ?a
.30
,
2.
70.17.
?
.9
2.87 2.2' 0
42
66.A6
361,2
7
3.32 .4
594
701"
01.9
.A6.47 760. 3,4
12.3'
5,3.2
7. 5X7"
33. 3t"3..403 36.,4
42 67,9 , -7,17,-
.711 .2 117 4.
..2 4.49
I-.', .
.12,:
.;
1,'11 .; r.,.0
APPENDIX B Data and Statistical Summary of the Biochemical and Hematological Analyses Tables B-1 through B-11 present the raw data and a statistical summary for the biochemical and hematological analyses for each experimental group of the four experiments (E, F, G, and H).
The average per day growth rate over
the 28-day exposure period and the final weight are presented for convenience. The field strength and chamber position (either upper or lower) for any group can be obtained from Table 2 of the text. Note that in experiment F, animals numbered 231 (Table B-4), 687, and 689 (Table B-6) were deleted from the growth analyses as discussed in Appendix A. A 999. 0 was used in the final weight (FNL WT) column and a 000.0 was used in the growth rate column (WT/DAY) to identify the deleted animals.
When
a 0. 0 is encountered in the rest of these tables, it indicates that the biochemical and hematological determinations were not performed.
This only occurred as
a result of an insufficient quantity or a clotted sample. Histograms of these data indicate that nonparametric techniques should be used for their analysis.
However, the first quartile (Q-1), median (MED), third
quartile (Q-3), the number of animals (N), the average (AVG), standard deviation (S. D.), and standard error (S. E.) are presented for the statistical summary. The headings for each column are defined (proceeding from left to right) as: ID#
three-digit code randomly assigned to each animal of an experiment.
The digits for units and tens specify
where each of the 96 animals was positioned.
The digit
for hundreds specifies the chamber number (1-6) T. P.
total serum or plasma protein (g/dl)
GLOB
serum or plasma globulin (mg/dl)
GLU
serum or plasma glucose (mg/dl)
43
i.........................................
T. L.
serum or plasma total lipids (mg/dl)
CHOL
serum or plasma cholesterol (mg/dl)
TRIG
serum or plasma triglycerides (mg/dl)
WT/DAY
(final body mass-initial body mass)/28 (g/day)
FNL WT RBC BC
final body mass (g) red blood cells (cells/m 3 x 106) we blood cells (cells/mm x 103
WBC
white blood cells (cells/mm 3x 103)
POLY
segment neutrophils (%)
LYHS
lymphocytes (%)
HCT
hematocrit (%)
HGB
hemoglobin (g/dl)
II
II
44
.
... ..-
.'
.-
.7M,
Wq '
M* OIn vW
N
a *N
.7
1
.W W ) WN
.,'W
G
N
TAM M COW
1, 0, a
NJW-~OWWN
W
------------------------------------
.. .... e . ..
. .
.
IM 110I
I
Vwinq MvM**vV
.t
-
.
4
U.
.. .. . .
-M k
a
D
. .
I
I
a toC( n0QIM a 0 WM
. . . .
No %D0 wSsjw~
Na
N rC , -,
W
4
I-
-
N
0V M* 4 lLr.w1
FW ,1
In
JC
oloo
. . .
-.
N
"a
-
.
MC_
.h
. . .
.. . . .
k r
Va
VWPOW
.
a
w(
aO
%k~
M
O
a
-- N)
W
N~--.M- - -,-~--.
L
..
-
Ia
% nM 0o@0Sio5~ '0ChC
0% Waee
...................
L~~a
C
-
------
I-.........................
%WO.M
IV
N
Ia VNMcouwa-a aC
W.
c-
1.0%0nI
4) 0
CDw5~~5 (7N CQWn
o0mmwomc:ofc
-MN NNNN-')N - - - -
in
w% -,MNU
%or w1l M0NpWCrI
XV
a
W
w
%4mW a .
. . .
1
~
. ..
-r"
I I.M
.
.
-
0
a3 M~ V kn l It WNC . . .
OC
v
W,VV4~I if %rV,41
. .
ftch")WON I
0~ WcoaWeeM W e
a
p~
a
,a-NI
I
'
a-~~
-
ok
aa. a n
e M.
vin
eOMe
I
g~W
co
w
L"1
w
..
se iCOW6)WC
cao
VM
lak-
Woo-
rSQN~
d"1
.1
00MI
-V
. . .
Qm%.,..QS..
ON .s.e.a.Q 0 .si-a ~~~~O
i , . mQWMW
W ID W Wgo 40 WO-M~~
VWW4
W
. . . .4 ..-. .. .
.eemmeUSSWWOSUUm
u
~
a
0..
.,
l1
itr.INN.~.-fS~
nlw.q
*
@a
. . . .a~ ... .U@
e.. .u ..
.
.. .W.. .WS. ..... S. .QSd
.......... a
.
.
.
.
.
o
0AU
S
~
~
~
~00
4mO SS~q
a~eO~*S~qrN li
a
a
Che~qoNs qs~~
aW,
*
0~a~,wqa r P*:
Oka
.
OrNW ,,,.,,,,,,,a
3
aft
..
... .
a .
..
..
. .
. .
.
.
.V
v
s
..
.I
.
a
. ..
.
~
..
.
3
~
~
WVI~-VI.U
~ *U~.~S't~
~
'
C
.
OSSSS~ms~sa~a m""%*Ww. SNv~
rit~
a 3
swssemssus m e
. . .
. .
. .
.
N
-Mta
a-~
UN~~~dS~f.
.
vIqm-'mN
~
00
SUat
0.O
Na-M
aa
SSS~,I.0m~a.
.
NmWokoON
a-
U
*M
-
. . .
a
CA.O-@~PW 0-Ns~sN-ps-
VO%%D
n
*
.1
a
..
.z
m
COW.
@S4~..EI*.
-
a
L*
.~m
f
.14
UPC *N
.-
*
N~
W
a
p'
M I
4Cf~fNS%..a
S**5
.wA
IX>
i~t'46t
bUi.-
~~
~,** W -
--
@
S~
-
--
k.)%0.
-
.
1.-
ID"
a"1k
f~~qo-.NNa
..
~I
C
,esswm
..
I
. . .
ss
4h w *o Wco t, bcowWS.Cr 04ON@ Q *Z D PcrI
4S r
~V4~'~@
I
%0
MM
..
[email protected]' '~
~
= 3~*J-NI...
~
~
~
~
@*
I
~
~
M
~
OOOWMN
Of-MW
MI
~
m
I .
1 I *
OqU)I..M .
IO
.
NI
m
woeI
wmm~
e
4.1
~
I
W~
M V) mU t, 4h.%a%a
..
~~ ~
3
jk~Ojflk
.n
-----------
I
I
kn
apo mmI wlW
t
lh.~mr
tI
-4W)
Mqqn1
IMDO
w C6 -~
~~~
Im
).m.a"0.M~oNPM%
"
~m*
a
v%
IL -
w
~~~~~~ ~C%
I~~lILG
V) W)kk IIW
W)CD( ve'Itj P w
wMq*
~I~lO
.-. .-. .. .
3a e-.lo~ w
~
.
.~
m~
4700IU.~O')
I
S
~~t rr
~q
~.I~I.4
ow-mo.c
IfWf~IOM Il
-
-
0
WW~~W
.
ac
oboi
4OW a W, CIAWVU~
K
~ ~~
N
. . ..
....
~
....
C~N *4444...*..
*
%00
V
f
I
NwnwSm% -WO*NN
In
S
W....
~
blN
z
I
hh~VWf0
hJfth~0
NU*
a.
m..*MNWq
U.4UWvWNvI
I
Z
0
OA
1ft
Ifl4
NM04 -0 0-
Saf
O
...I
Nf*
-
N"
N
~
O
W4.ve
WI-NNI
at.
CUtW mNI'W~db4@ImW44NI
"Win''
*
WWI, ONN ".NS Nn0"i*~
o .N
~em
"MV
I
I .
0hhV
I
INN
emmawem.mew *eme C6 I-*M"
I
W %*Oleanomw
0
..
~
K ILMW
c
V
NN
o
*V
.0
O(f'
.. U
I
6m -
~~
OW,
N M
. .
II.4-.1=mN -----
U
~ ...
'O UN
IL
ChW
n.M't
-WN
WOO -0'O
Ii.-*
M-)
0'40 OW
. .
In @
.448
.4.
W'O
in*SNname 1 I
4.t
M
. .
.N
IfMWW)Wnb -
n
O I
I
"mNNNN
SW
-W%
NN
N
i
-oa
~
U
*
eee See
~~~U.1O ~ ~ Inmmz.w'm4Na ~ .WV mo.t . .N
V~
IWOW"W"O"0wWW
'I
......
~
.4N..
Of
p
msI
*se ~j
~*memuemmmeeme
*
1100
i t
mfr
NMq
m~e~e~.I
I-
I.
. .
ee
m
S~..t.
VbN4~U4i ..
.
.
NO~ CMN.jNC m CJ N NN N404
. .N ....
jN(4 ..
NN
h.U'O4N 4
N
M1
I
I NNI
N
-
zz.4Nl."4 inOI..1a.4
I
U......... 000000000000
Soo*
~~~~.~~m * * * ** **
*
*
W
, WSftb-
*
0 gqWNN.~
*.0ee..w
*
*
**
*
*
*
=
hNiqqN5
..etqq
~
00"w"NN
qq,~~qq
*~
.
.5NW *
.j
6
0000"00
mN~~q.~,,~rs v~~am
000000000
S
*
00"f
*
N
*spqtoS~~W"N******* msess "mSS*"FSr~m
*~,
9
1a
Sq
*nt 9YS~
*pSS~9~g~~aqs W NNN F~N~
nm
*Ov N
~a
W
*umamaaaeemssm s eemNassm~sm~s U M*N~~t95W)~UN~~U h~tqqsm..~ s
. .
..
.
. .
.
LL%gSU95~ngsUPNfMtb~lWsh I
mm
V
Nmv.
*S.
U
ONStNNW WSo.
.
5
.I
b
MN*n.wwtFn
~
VMMV
I~
N
~5
dmNW~NSM~wq*"'45
1.
*mrdvu N O.b WNS mm
5. Ws~~s
it-SN
t", s .1'a
N,~I~a5SV 4h,5 a' all ca,1w,
N.n
o
a49
.
**en
WS.-ONO
no
,"a
W
.;
I
MaoN~
w
cowt-O5G
@t, coa ON~a t m
~
=
'uW,
~
a
@
.1
.a ..
-R
-
I
NhM*0*nlN*
.
.
b
V -
kn
a n
a a)
*mVe*mwee ,WUW@
m
0..anlNSQ..@b'.*.eQI
N
mea
.~
a
'z'~
O-N
a
a %N
.
. t, O*MW~
NrM*.UVD
%00N tN
n*meeem~e
n-emw . nO~=.ha.nN
I-
I
**%,N
r
th4
NW M t.
05V ' N
Vt
**a
.........
M
-D
OC
M
O
-CC
... WaI
-
_ =*~' *..see.s-..s
-
ww ;"
mm
-op
a
"
a.
N
a
I-
a
~asen =t-O
Qa .
. .
.a
asessa
.
.
.
as ...M a
MaananN
a-J4
WUIWIa~
a~
aa a
N~~~~~~m .. J
b
m~S0
ao
-Oa.N.N
ca
N
N0e
Z=UaeV-
. .
I
al
"
M
ac
126
. . . .
C
a -
@4,O-N ---
.
i ag
...... a..................5.
Wem
t1N
~
W~tS Nl.N
4rn-
a W1JalN.o-~ Q~a -~ -a-
r~
cc 1 a *aan
1.1.) wnS-aa 1 14,WN
..
.
.
W 4..
w-
WON
*S~ONNNt4N
*4
NVN'-N
aUeri~'dlShn
z
I
b-
z
N4
*
n
*S
O 094ot
a
SSS
S9NoIhN
* a.
C.A
SqN4S
m.e
..
SSSS*SS.OS@
w~q vI~~a.~ 0%Vft"
~ ~~ ~ ~ ss~mss.e ~
v qh~NN~M
e
*S*
NOS-"@O
~ Mon 5
*mrme.ua
~-
~ ~
~
emss~ss ~
NO
~
*
ot"
~
ofo
~
00 N.4 i nmr i..m.~s~se
~
V.tS
a
uee
s
N
-
m
a
u
t*"Nq
*SSSSSSS*USSSSS*USSSSSSSSSSS@S*SSSSSSS
..
It
.
*S..
..
..
..
J
.
..
.
.
....
.......
~.
160
%N5VKhM8 rVaO
I.-SN
cs
'w
'~S4
qaM
a.s ....
O
..
~wa*1
not. e .... s m ...sm
n
....... e e s ss * ..
S
. . .. . . .. . . . . ... N .4NNb*Nm 4NSs S4'SaSNN
M
W
USU"i*
~.
..
. . ..
m
""seem". a
--
-.-
4*
N
se
***um***s****Sm.***s*.*se~s*****.*.* -
4o@SN4;
01 S
~ q * SNSS~SC.4?@~*SMok.
-N-
3c
S
**qnovae,
.
......
.
~
... . .
*
5I 5-~ a-S@N
a
miM
met
ac4'
cowNN
a. -
---
--
--
W
S@SSS@S@SSUOUSU*SUSUSSSSUUSSSw
~
I
o
odfl~U9
00CMOO= UMNme. 0m q4*m.eSWCOON
M~ .ON w oNaWUvC.mCNN -
-:
.a
--------
MOflSCS00 SSW6SSO
toChQ0e0ee0eaweee~eeeseeeeQQSSCDDCDDCCWSQQSSS0
.'
. . .
It
rJ . . . . . .
. .
. . . . . . -m0
o
.
. ANIIIvm
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . .
. .
. . . .
WOOWN
w .
N
0 0€(0: M 0 0 DO
. . . . .
NNN't-to-
1CjNCDM mchWNCN
W)
oonn...ttnan n*tanan*t3vmt-twnr tvtvtnv) I *V*lW4WSC - ---- -- - - -- -- -a---
ontW*Ito**
-- --------
V
(x
.
*
nn)tn IVn*.* n)
v2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . Po
.
. .
D
. . . . ..
'
.• . .
a
V Inv) . . . .
. . . .
.-
. .
. .
.. . . . . . . . .. I . . . . . .. I .. . . . . . . . ..i Ow
CD
. .
..
Wo CO
)
. . .
W
CD M 0'0
wow
. . . . .. . . *
. . . .
.. . .
0
.
-a
NN
N,
W
w')-0o
N
N0GN
1.0 Ns) tl.-4 -OO 'rto %0 a)N -'O* .
'
N
WMM
NNO r
N
WN r OOt'. 0
D C
.s .
..j
M N m %D No m M n
... .
.
MMMhqwM MMr7
l~MM
MOOOr7MMMMMCOWqflMCt
am
NC'lJ
O%0Wscar-V l %; r'b-a
WC&W.DVeMeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseMOMWeeeeeeeeeCeeeM
,-
001 ,
wom N.. W
:rN 0N
. .
. . . . . . .
CC .
. .
. . .
wo
.
.
0WN0Wi
. .. ..
a
.
MfQ4
MWV
aO eeeeaN'o
ea
WSNW 00%OM
0 CA cO C~O'i
IWDWNO
WAD*~~IWOQd'GWN
-WN -
x
A
WO
MW
. .4.et.e.e.w.e.e. .b.Q.Q.S.S..S.b.SeS .
...................................... .4
-
N
-t
,t"a.OIQ
+
....... It- ,q-
seeD~eeeeeeeeeeeteeeee~w~eeeeeeeea
,*
DO ene:
aMCikWiMD
O
.Q. e..0
a
e
kaW r
O
a
i+ li
.. v
c
e52c
uu
+
t3
. .
. .
. .
. .
.
.. . .
. .
. . . . . . .s
.
.
. .
-
. .
~
.. ac q ....
e
a .... s
~ ~
.
.
6
.
6 . .
. .
. .
~'
0'eWN 3tjM.q~~W6
cl%.
N( NVICDt.4"0.. 6
-
. . .
.
C6
riN~ OW C 4
~
. . . . . . . . . . .I
6
......
.~.
6
aS
%
6*
. .
. .
.. . .
~
o 0Ns~~e A.~~0 --
%
. .
C
W6NIOWMS
.
. .
.
.
. ..
-
mo
*eeeeeeemseee
NNOmano~ M Nf. WMIw~ 6nm-rN
*~N-ae6e~e -
w
*e.I
***s.**.S*.*
QS6NM .6 *
*L N
I.-
6-j
o
~-
Wl
M.O
I
Q S ...
-
i~
6-1
O
-i
I
~
z
Co~-W a
fu
-
-
CNm owa
o...........................53
.
M.
.
e
s
.
....
*W,)O orono...NP.I.006OWn0
N -NNN
N
.I
I
m q 4 .
~~
*
-
ae
' .. 6
.i.nw
fr
I
a.
hrfr0
-,N
* @..........6S
...
.1*
b-
S
.
Db.
..
~
w
.
nb~~off
I6
*NStQ O.1C
: .
-
-;
COO..PO6
N
C
V
*Wb
Vb)
~.. ~4- --
--
- --
1
bq)I
n S-
CD
n --
*0
-
*VW*I
V**-*
*q5
44-4' mim
--
- - - - -
=~~a
- - -
-----
~I-.O
.
~ ~ mm
CO
Cb
Q
o0*00000000
MB *40
- - - - - -
OO
4).1
Mq I
4
4*4
4
44
444ts
M_
_
S
rw
*ksQ "%D
I
Q Na
womem 4*4O-
m'
SWO .,e*W'@
M
0%N..o.
...-. .n. .- ... . . . .-
~J**
.
.
.. .
** **
**
.
.
**
. .
5
*
n)445w5c
. .
00
_j
0
. .
00
. . .
0
00
. .
...
0
.
. .
MMMf'.pflcl?
1-5 ma_S
I 4
nIn000
.*
_Ow
5) -VNMOM
=
I-
kb.-WC
6Nh . . .
. .
U.~~
0"O0
4
W
~~~4
DC
''*
.44 .F~'4 .~~ ..... . . . . .
. . .M.).
N40 po-lIf
..
Ov
AJYN
5_
(--
-
-N
3
-
-
-
I
WM
t
nPOWOMCD
-
-
-
5N
......................................
~~~~~ 4'( .'A .s ..w .... .M . 0 m - N .. ~ J~ N. ~ tNN ~W~O~~...... M- (J O S...... ........ C. t'* MOM @ M
a.~~~~~~~~ -
.
5
N~'-S)
4
05*Q "!S
. 4'
o
I i @55.0. V0
0. .
I~'N
-
'~
n t
-'1U 1 1
%LN-CD V n V
I4N N W 5 ~ ~IJ4'Ns
O 50 0,jS iin
-4
%
@ *
do
I .
.-
.~s~en .
'~ *
* ..
~ Q..
OeOC
... .
....
O0
M-
...........
w,@%@ Ow
~~~ON-~v
~Mo a-
-
,.w
.
lr
W
moo, aw
wOO ON.P~O Owf
)4
.I
. ..
e.s. . . .- . . ..
00"am
'
Q~O
..
..
r.
*@%aS@W,0O
...
..
,~se,.s.. *,e..ee
WS*
...
..
0
S
.e.
.em.e.
e
. .s.-.
00@
www I
Im*****owwwM
V)..to
1a................
a.,
.....
0440S Wmom
mw
a
-
I.....0
4
Wa
%0w
woM
. . . . . . . . .
~~
3 s
o..~
~
~
~
~
w
~
a
~
0-W
~
0N aa
~ ~~~~
a
,.
.
.0S.
~0O* 0. Io~ VO~V~ .......
,
a
.~oe............~4~~... I i.
ata
I
0
~~~~4 45*Q40P~ OD N Is)NMW
a I
It
0-0
V
W 0N
CQN
w
~
ko in
a,
0
.
X.
klPN &a~l
0
JJ
.
.
.
ONj
.
.
W
..
...
.
'JN
.
Ml
'iNN
NNN
.Wl
~~~ I~C4NAA ~q a
.
4
I
.
.
.
N.AN
.
.
a
MNa
~
I)M
.
4D
a4%
wtN ft
.
W
.a
..
W
-am~~
N'o4U
0.
6:. *NQD.-tf-
a~
La
C'1'N ('N
at Co r.-_
CN
a-m~o*
.Z C
r.. . .... O mDWV
.
s tItQ)
f
Wq
*
a
OM
.
4
a
.~~a .Il~f .~..* . .M4* .'J .. .
4-N(J
.. ...
