II iiiiiii I - Defense Technical Information Center

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WHOI-2001-16

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

1930

Numbers of Calling Whales in the North Pacific by William A. Watkins Mary Ann Daher Joseph E. George Woods Hole Oceaographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543

November 2001

Technical Report

!

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Funding was provided by CNO N45 Environmental Program and US Army Corps of Engineers (DCA87-00-H-0026) with funding from the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program.

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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.

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20020108 145

WHOI-2001-16 Numbers of Calling Whales in the North Pacific

by

William A. Watkins Mary Ann Daher Joseph E. George

November 2001

Technical Report Funding was provided by CNO N45 Environmental Program and US Army Corps of Engineers (DCA87-00-H-0026) with funding from the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program.

Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for any purpose of the United States Government. This report should be cited as Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst. Tech. Rept., WHOI-2001-16.

Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. Approved for Distribution:

\^y

./hair Jobji Stegeman,L, Chai Department of Biology

NUMBERS OF CALLING WHALES IN THE NORTH PACIFIC

William A. Watkins, Mary Ann Daher, and Joseph E. George

Support is from CNO N45 Environmental Program and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (DCA87-00-H-0026) with funding from the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program.

Key words -- Numbers of calling whales, North Pacific whales, SOSUS arrays monitor whales, Seasonal distribution of North Pacific whales, Hydrophone array monitoring of whales.

I I CONTENTS

Abstract

Page

1

Introduction

2

Methods

4

Counts of Calling Whales

6

Whale species monitored

8

Blue whale

9

Fin Whale

10

Humpback Whale

11

Seasonal Numbers of Calling Whales

12

Differences in Seasonal Calling

13

Summary

15

Acknowledgments

17

Literature Cited

18

Captions

21

Tables and Figures

23

ABSTRACT Since November 1995, the U.S. Navy's Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) and other hydrophone arrays were used to regularlysample the occurrence of whale sounds in four Regions bordering the continental margins across the North Pacific.

The numbers of

whales heard calling varied with season and location for each species, blue whales {Balaenoptera musculus), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), and humpback whales (Megaptera

novaeangliae) .

For blue whales, calling during the Fall season

averaged 5 whales per event, Winter averaged 1.5 whales per event, Spring averaged 1 whale, and Summer averaged 1.5 whales.

For fin

whales, the numbers of whales heard ("F" calls from individuals) during Winter averaged 3 whales per event, Spring and Fall calling averaged 1.5 whales, and Summer averaged 1 whale.

The "J" calling

events, regardless of season, were judged to be from at least 6 fin whales.

Humpback singing typically was from 3 whales.

These numbers demonstrated seasonal variations in calling whales for each Region.

INTRODUCTION The development of realistic assessments for the number of whales that are likely to be calling during a given period in the deep ocean requires long-term acoustic sampling, broad area coverage, and consistent methods of counting.

The whale call

monitoring program using hydrophone systems in deep water has fulfilled these requirements (Watkins et al. 2000a). Since November 1995, acoustic data from the U.S. Navy's Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) and other arrays have been regularly sampled to assess the extent of whale calling in four Regions bordering the continental margins across the North Pacific (Watkins et al. 2000b).

This monitoring program has

continued systematically over the past five and a half years, providing long-term data on the occurrence of calling by whales. The deepwater hydrophone systems allow relatively long-range listening, permitting coverage of broad regions of the ocean. Recognition of the characteristic call patterns produced by the different species allowed calls of individual whales to be systematically identified and realistic assessments made of the numbers of whales heard calling. Previous descriptions of the occurrence of calling whales

across the North Pacific have included the following reports: the seasonal presence of calling blue, fin, and humpback whales were described for different North Pacific Regions from the 1996 and 1997 monitoring program data (Watkins et al. 2000a), the monthly occurrence of calling by the different species on different hydrophone arrays and the location of individual calling whales were identified from the data through July 1999 (Watkins et al. 2000b), the seasonal distribution of the different species was presented by Watkins et al.

(2000c), and

the variation in year to year calling by the different species were compared to environmental changes such as those from El Nino (Watkins et al. 2 001). Although little is known from direct observation about the whale populations in the open sea, regular monitoring of their calls makes it possible to assess the occurrence of the portion of these populations that are producing sounds and to judge their attendant behaviors.

The non-disturbing, passive

listening systems provide year-round, all weather, day and night monitoring of these offshore whales.

The calls of the different

species are known from previous study and cataloging of their

acoustic behaviors (Watkins and Wartzok 1985, Watkins et al. 1992).

Therefore, we can estimate the likely numbers of whales

of the various species that would be heard calling in different locations and seasons across the deep waters of the North Pacific. METHODS Whale calls in the North Pacific were monitored at the Naval Ocean Processing Facility on Whidbey Is., WA.

Acoustic data

from deep water hydrophone arrays of the SOSUS system and other hydrophone arrays have been sampled on a regular schedule to assess the occurrence of particular whale calls.

Whale calls

were identified by analysts experienced in recognition of the different whale call patterns.

Ten bottom arrays were selected

as providing representative data for four offshore Regions along the continental margins, labeled Northwest (NW), Northcentral (NC), Northeast (NE), and Southeast (SE).

The Regions were

divided at increments of 3 0° Longitude by 15° Latitude, see Figure 1. Within these Regions, north-south detail was provided by the

use of two or three arrays at different latitudes.

Two arrays

were used in each of the NW and NC Regions, and three arrays in each of the NE and SE Regions.

Individual arrays within Regions

were labeled from the north (SEI north of SE2 in SE, etc.) . Beam-formed data from each hydrophone array were interpolated to give the equivalent of 40 line array beams for each array.

This

provided comparable information from all array systems, regardless of their composition. considered for these analyses.

Array orientations were not Locations for many of the Navy

hydrophone systems have remained protected, along with their characteristics and associated data processing. Typically, there was no overlap in the calls from local whales recorded by the different arrays within Regions.

When

competing noise was absent, calls from very distant whales sometimes could be noted, but these normally were not a component of the primary call occurrence data.

Counts of

calling whales were tabulated separately for each array. The spectrographic data from all arrays were examined systematically over the same period during two, usually consecutive, 16-hour days every week, centered on 1200 hours GMT.

This period spanned both daylight and darkness in each

Region.

The calls of one to five whales of the same species

distinguished on the same beam, generally within a period of about four hours, were considered one call occurrence event. No new occurrences were logged for that beam during that day, unless it was obvious that another set of calls had begun from markedly different whales (distinct difference in level and acoustic pattern).

Whale call sequences often continued over

much of the day, and therefore, were recorded as one occurrence. If similar call sequences were present on the same array beam on the second day, they were recorded as another occurrence.

One

dominant beam displaying the calls was identified for each call occurrence.

Changes over time in the distribution of calling

individuals and local groups of whales across different array beams showed the extent of their movements, over days or weeks. COUNTS OF CALLING WHALES Judgements as to the numbers of whales heard calling in these data were based on the previous experience with these continuing observations of calling whales (5 1/2 years to date). Each array beam represented a different direction to the source of incoming sound.

In addition, there often were several whales

calling from different local areas, and from different distances in the same direction.

To provide a realistic count the number of whales heard from each direction, relatively large amounts of data and considerable familiarity with the spectral representations of the whale sounds as well as noise patterns have been needed.

It

was anticipated that such estimates would be refined with continuing analyses of the call data.

The counts of calling

whales enumerated here represented assessments of the numbers of whales heard, the numbers of overlapping call sequences from different relatively local whales audible from the same direction for each calling event. Call patterns for each whale species were consistently different, so that species distinctions could be made reliably (each with different repetition patterns, fundamental frequencies, harmonic sequences, 'and spectral ranges) . Overlapping calls from several whales of the same species were common because of the broad distribution of blue whales and the clumped groups of fin and humpback whales.

The counts of

calling whales were different for each species, and they varied with season and Region.

Review of the call data to date confirm the number of whales that could be identified when calls were noted.

These counts of

calling whales were compared and averaged over each month, and then related to the seasonal variations in each Region.

Whale

calling seasons were offset consistently from the calendar year by one month, matching the apparent annual cycle of call occurrence for each species -- Spring (March - May), Summer (June - August), Fall (September - November), and Winter (December - February)

(Watkins et al. 2000b).

For the comparisons presented here, monthly counts of the numbers of calling whales for each of the ten arrays in the four Regions were summed for each season and compared, season by season. WHALES SPECIES MONITORED Three species of whales were monitored systematically: blue whale {Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whale {Balaenoptera

physalus) calls, as well as songs from humpback whales {Megaptera novaeangliae) .

Each species had different amounts

of calling and variations in seasonal occurrences in each of the four Regions and local areas monitored by separate arrays.

BLUE_WHALE call sequences identified in the acoustic data were their long series of repetitive, downswept tonal calls (cf. Cummings and Thompson 1971, Rivers 1997).

These calls usually

had fundamental frequencies below 19 Hz and had several harmonics.

Calls were repeated variably at 3 to 10 min

intervals, often continuing over several hours.

Shorter calls

and call series from this species were not consistently separable from noise, and so they were not a part of these analyses. Blue whale calls during their Fall peak calling season usually were from three to eight or more whales during each calling event, averaging five whales for each calling event, and often from too many whales to separate.

During Winter, as blue

whale calls waned, calling was from one to three whales.

Then,

in Spring, their lowest calling season, only one whale usually was evident for each calling event.

During the Summer, as

calling increased again, one to three whales were audible. Therefore, for seasonal comparisons of the numbers of calling whales, Fall calling events were multiplied by 5, Winter by 1.5, Spring by 1, and Summer by 1.5.

FIN_WHALE call sequences identified in the acoustic data were the repetitive, downswept "20 Hz" pulse series (cf. Watkins 1981, Watkins et al. 1987).

These calls had most energy near

20 Hz, with little harmonic energy.

Calls were composed of pulses

of about 1 sec each, repeated regularly at rates of a few seconds in characteristic temporal patterns over periods of a few hours to a day or more.

Other call types and shorter call

sequences from this species were not as easily separated from noise, and were not a part of these analyses.

Fin whale calls

identified here included those that could be reliably distinguished as coming from individuals (labeled "F") and overlapping concentrations of calls from too many whales in a local area to allow separation (labeled "J").

When present,

this "J" call component swamped concurrent "F" calls by individual whales, unless F calls were relatively close to arrays. Individual fin whale calling (F calls) during the Winter season of peak calling usually was from one to five whales per event, averaging three fin whales calling at a time.

During the

intermediate Spring and Fall calling seasons, calls were from 10

one to three whales, and in the Summer period of lowest fin whale calling, only one whale was evident during most calling events.

The "J" calls by fin whales, however, regardless of

season, were judged to be from six to very many more fin whales. Combining the "F" and "J" calls likely provided the best assessment of the numbers of calling fin whales.

Therefore, for

seasonal comparisons of the numbers of calling fin whales, F calls and J calls were tabulated separately.

For F calls,

Winter calling events were multiplied by 3, Spring and Fall events by 1.5, and Summer by 1.

The J calling events from fin

whales, regardless of season, were multiplied by 6.

The totals

for the two call types were then added to provide the seasonal assessments of numbers of calling fin whales for each array.

HUMPBACK_WHALE song could be recognized reliably, although only the frequencies below a few hundred Hertz were typically received from more distant whales (cf. Payne and McVay 1971, Payne et al. 1983).

Songs were heard usually from groups of

humpbacks, estimated at three or more individuals singing during each event.

Singing typically lasted for several hours, and 11

usually was related to migration, even when whales remained in the area.

Humpback singing events were multiplied by 3.

Individual calling whales of each of these species were likely to be associated with many more whales.

Little is known

of the number of calling individuals that normally associate in whale groups, or of the number of whales that accompany each calling whale of each species.

Most such observations have been

of inshore populations of these species which may have quite different patterns of activity compared to the offshore whales. SEASONAL NUMBERS OF CALLING WHALES The counts of calling blue, and fin whales, and singing humpback whales have been listed and plotted to provide seasonal comparisons for the different arrays in each Region.

The counts

of calling whales were tabulated for each of the three-month seasons for each array in the separate Regions:

(1) the sum of

the "actual" calling events for the three months, and (2) these seasonal counts multiplied by the average number of calling whales noted for each season.

The "actual" call event count

multiplied by the numbers of calling whales gave realistic numbers of calling whales of each species that occurred 12

seasonally in the different areas of each Region.

See Tables

1-10 for (1) the calling event counts for each array and (2) these event counts multiplied by the seasonal average number of calling whales per event. These seasonal numbers (event counts multiplied by seasonal averages) are plotted for each species -- blue whales in Figure 2, fin whale F calls in Figure 3, fin whale J calls in Figure 4, fin whale F+J calls in Figure 5, and humpback whale songs in Figure 6.

Such counts of sampled calling provide the

basis for useful assessments of the numbers of calling blue, fin, and humpback whales present in the different local areas of each of the four North Pacific Regions.

DIFFERENCES IN SEASONAL CALLING Blue whales were heard most in the NW in the Fall season from whales scattered widely throughout the region. reduced, but not absent during Spring.

Calling was

The 1998 El Nino year

had reduced calling in most areas during the peak Fall season (see Watkins et al. 2001).

The NC Region was second in numbers

of calling blue whales, and the arrays in the NE Region had the fewest calling whales (Figure 2).

13

Fin whale calling has had variations that appear related to population behavior, rather than to environmental changes. During the first years of the monitoring program, most fin whales calling during the peak Winter season were in the northern part of the NC Region.

However, in 1999 there was a

large increase in the numbers of calling fin whales in all Regions (Figures 3-5). Humpback whale songs were noted most during the first years of monitoring in the SE Region, coincident with the December to May migration between Alaska and southern waters.

Songs were

also recorded in the NC Region, particularly in the Spring. NW and NE Regions have had few singing Humpbacks.

The

Then, again

in 1999, there was a distinct change in the numbers of calling whales, with fewer whales calling in the SE and many more in the NC Region (Figure 6) -- note the scale change relative to the blue and fin whale figures).

14

SUMMARY The numbers of calling whales of each species were derived from (1) the number of call occurrence events recorded for 40 beams of each of the 10 arrays,

(2) the sum of these calling

events occurring during each of the two 16-hour days sampled very week,

(3) the sum of these daily totals for each month,

(4) the product of these monthly totals multiplied by the average number of calling whales contributing to each call occurrence event during the month, and (5) the sum of these monthly numbers of calling whales totalled for three months of each season. These call data draw their utility from the consistent, long-term regularity and comprehensive coverage of the sampling protocol.

There have been no supplements for remaining hours of

the sampling day, no additions for days not sampled each week, no extensions to compensate for calls not recorded from distant whales, and no extrapolations to accommodate variations in array coverage (180-degree, typical 40-beam pattern assumed). Comparisons of these seasonal numbers of calling whales provided realistic measures of the annual changes in the distribution of the vocalizing components of these offshore

15

whales.

The variations demonstrated the dynamic changes in the

seasonal calling -- different for each of the three species and the four Regions.

The predictability of call occurrence has

become more realistic.

The large amount of call data over more

than five and a half years of call monitoring have made forecasts of call occurrence more useful.

16

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The whale call monitoring program has enjoyed consistent encouragement and direct participation by Navy Commands and personnel throughout the years of research and analysis at Whidbey Is. Naval Ocean Processing Facility.

Previous support

for the whale sound program has been from a variety of sources, including the SERDP Council, the Office of Naval Research Marine Mammal Program (N00014-96-1-1130), and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Current support is from CNO N45

Environmental Program and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (DCA87-00-H-0026) with funding from the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program.

Experienced analysts

sharing in the monitoring responsibilities have been Darel Martin, Scott Haga, and David Rodriguez.

17

LITERATURE CITED

Cummings, W. C, and P. 0. Thompson.

1971.

Underwater sounds

from the blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus.

Journal of the

Acoustical Society of America 50:1193-1198. Payne, R. S., and S. McVay.

1971.

Songs of humpback whales.

Science 173:585-597. Payne, K., P. Tyack, and R. Payne.

1983.

Progressive changes in

the songs of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) : a detailed analysis of two seasons in Hawaii.

In:

Communication and Behavior of Whales, R. Payne, ed., AAAS Selected Symposium 76, Westview Press, Boulder CO, pp. 9-57. Rivers, J. A.

1997.

Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus,

vocalizations from the waters off central California. Marine Mammal Science 13:186-227. Watkins, W. A.

1981.

Activities and underwater sounds of

finback whales (Balaenoptera physalus).

Scientific Reports

of the Whales Research Institute, Tokyo, 33:83-117. Watkins, W. A., and D. Wartzok. marine mammals.

1985.

Sensory biophysics of

Marine Mammal Science 1:219-260.

18

Watkins, W. A., P. Tyack, K. E. Moore, and J. E. Bird.

1987.

The 20-Hz signals of finback whales (Balaenoptera physalus). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 82:1901-1912. Watkins, W. A., K. Fristrup, M. A. Daher, and T. Howald. SOUND database of marine animal vocalizations.

1992.

Technical

Report WHOI-92-31, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, 52 pp. Watkins, W. A., M. A. Daher, G. M. Reppucci, J. E. George, D. L. Martin, N. A. DiMarzio, and D. F. Gannon.

2000a.

Seasonality and distribution of whale calls in the North Pacific.

Oceanography 13:62-67.

Watkins, W. A., J. E. George, M. A. Daher, K. Mullin, D. L. Martin, S. H. Haga, N. A. DiMarzio.

2000b.

Whale call data

for the North Pacific November 1995 through July 1999: occurrence of calling whales and source locations from SOSUS and other acoustic systems.

Technical Report No. WHOI-00-02,

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA 02543, 156 pp.

19

Watkins, W. A., M. A. Daher, J. E. George, and S. Haga.

2000c.

Distribution of calling blue, fin, and humpback whales in the North Pacific.

Technical Report No. WHOI-00-12, Woods Hole

Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole MA 02543, 46 pp. Watkins, W. A., M. A. Daher, and J. E. George.

2001.

Variations

in whale calling from year to year in the North Pacific. Quarterly Report to CNO N45 Environmental Program and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (DCA87-00-H-0026) with funding from the Department of Defense Legacy Resource Management Program. Unpublished manuscript, 16 pp., 1 Table, 13 Figs.

20

i

CAPTIONS (In order of occurrence) FIGURE 1 Map of North Pacific Regions.

NW, NC, NE, and SE Regions

were monitored for calling whales. TABLE 1-2 Blue whale calling, actual call occurrence events and totals multiplied by average number of whales calling. FIGURE 2 Seasonal comparison of numbers of calling blue whales for the different arrays in the four Regions for each year. TABLES 3-4 Fin whale "F" calling, actual call occurrence events and totals multiplied by average number of whales calling.

FIGURE 3. Seasonal comparison of numbers of "F" calling fin whales for the different arrays in the four Regions for each year.

21

TABLES 5-6 Fin whale "J" calling, actual call occurrence events and totals multiplied by average number of whales calling. FIGURE 4 Seasonal comparison of numbers of "J" calling fin whales for the different arrays in the four Regions for each year. TABLE 7 Fin whale "F" plus "J" calling, sum of multiplied totals of both types of calls. FIGURE 5 Seasonal comparison of numbers of combined "F" plus "J" calling fin whales for the different arrays in the four Regions for each year -- sum of multiplied totals. TABLES 8-9 Humpback whale singing, actual song occurrence events and totals multiplied by average number of whales singing. FIGURE 6 Seasonal comparison of numbers of singing humpback whales for the different arrays in the four Regions for each year.

22

150E

170E

160E

180

170E

180

170W 160W 150W 140W

170W East-West (degrees)i5ow

130W

120W

110W

140W

100W

130W

Fig. 1

23

Blue Whale Totals

Table 1

Apr x1

May x1

Jun

Jun

ACTUAL

ACTUAL

x1.5

4 5 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 5 6 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 19 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

5 19 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

37 55 2 18 0 8 13 0 0 0

56 83 3 26 0 12 20 0 0 0

36

22 21 7 20 0 0 0 24 ^ 34 36

13 14 5 8 6 0 3 18 6 8

13 14 5 8 6 0 3 18 6 8

25 33 1 4 0 0 0 18 2 1

25 33 1 4 0 0 0 18 2 1

42 73 4 11 0 5 6 0 0 3

63 110 6 17 0 8 9 0 0 5

41 8 30 64 0 0 27 42 117 62

20 4 12 29 0 0 5 26 16 7

20 4 12 29 0 0 5 26 16 7

8 9 0 6 0 0 0 22 3 0

8 9 0 6 0 0 0 22 3 0

31 42 1 13 0 0 0 0 2 2

31 42 1 13 0 0 0 0 2 2

55 98 8 24 0 0 2 21 0 0

82 147 12 35 0 0 3 32 0 0

20 11 22 45 0 12 15 0 0 0

29 16 33 68 0 18 23 0 0 0

11 6 12 11 0 0 7 10 37 63

11 6 12 11 0 0 7 10 37 63

22 28 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 28 0 7 0 0 0 0 0 0

22 23 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 1

22 23 0 9 0 0 0 1 0 1

34 53 16 27 0 0 0 17 0 8

50 79 24 41 0 0 0 26 0 12

99 61 65 122 0 18 32

66 16 20 95 6 2 18 10 33 33

99 24 30 143 9 3 27 15 50 50

17 8 3 26 3 0 7 33 51 27

17 8 3 26 3 0 7 33 51 27

8 13 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 15

8 13 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 15

20 19 0 5 0 0 2 0 1 0

20 19 0 5 0 0 2 0 1 0

59 37 10 20 6 0 0 0 0 2

89 56 15 30 9 0 0 0 0 3

89 50 131 125 0 0 51 41 60 222

27 11 78 103 0 0 12 4 37 44

41 16 116 154 0 0 18 6 56 66

11 10 21 10 0 0 12 45 80 86

11 10 21 10 0 0 12 45 80 86

0 4 2 4 0 1 2 8 20 18

0 4 2 4 0 1 2 8 20 18

6 10 8 6 1 0 1 2 0 0

6 10 8 6 1 0 1 2 0 0

Apr Mar x1 ACTUAL

Jan

Jan

Feb

Feb

Mar

ACTUAL

X1.5

ACTUAL

X1.5

ACTUAL

32 73 20 32 12 2 4

47 109 29 47 18 3 6

13 51 11 42 0 0 16

19 76 17 62 0 0 24

5 6 12 15 13 0 0

5 6 12 15 13 0 0

36 39 33 54 2 16 34 32 36 20

54 58 49 81 3 24 51 48 54 30

15 10 12 33 0 7 7 3 28 23

22 15 18 50 0 11 11 5 42 35

22 21 7 20 0 0 0 24

60 32 36 99 5 3 15 29 26 52

90 48 54 168 8 5 23 44 39 78

27 5 20 43 0 0 18 28 78 41

NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3

53 61 40 51 3 19 22 60 102 65

80 92 60 76 5 29 33 90 153 98


66 40 43 81 0 12 21

60 33 87 83 0 0 34 27 40 148

1995

May

NW1 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1996

NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1997


34

1998


HJUU

2001


24

Blue Whale Totals

Table 2 1995

Jul

Jul

Aug

Aug

ACTUAL

X1.5

ACTUAL

x1.5

Sept ACTUAL

Sept

Oct

x5

ACTUAL

Oct x5

Nov

NOV

Dec

Dec

ACTUAL

x5

ACTUAL

X1.5

205 10/ 86 91 21 11 61

1025

533 428 455 105 55 305

97 85 47 85 17 16 14

145 12/ 71 127 26 24 21

25 29 13 1 37 14 60 70 44 59

125 145 63 5 185 70 300 350 220 295

104 108 56 82 0 41 29 103 105 69

156 162 84 123 0 62 44 155 158 104

1065 1128

150 140 650 510 215 465

213 226 107 279 21 28 96 69 62 88

125 190 65 129 5 4 31 68 61 46

188 284 98 194 8 6 47 102 92 69

1498

34 54 92 123 71 90

170 270 460 615 355 450

300 176 110 139 38 32 77 90 85 105

115 144 104 159 49 18 62 115 95 91

173 216 155 238 74 27 93 173 143 137

356 274 102 217 132 7 58 87 43 80

1780 1370

324 282 105 230 21 7 68 35 35 42

1618 1408

343 244 125 217 22 3 112 115 122 111

1715 1220

390 337 223 306 24 30 129 167 103 138

1948 1683 1115 1528

NW1 FNVV^

NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1996


123 125 19 53 8 1 21 9 4 17

184 187 29 80 12 2 32 14 6 26

265 165 53 140 31 31 51 28 28 48

397 247 79 210 47 47 77 42 42 72

341 261 64 231 0 25 67 55 38 55

94 121 38 47 2 8 16 31 9 28

140 181 57 70 3 12 24 47 14 42

273 187 98 174 17 31 63 67 80 83

410 281 147 261 26 47 95 101 120 125

286 257 75 219 33 50 70 75 76 81

1430 1285

120 158 44 56 0 3 14 28 1 23

180 237 66 84 0 5 21 42 2 35

385 312 104 311 21 22 54 86 45 61

577 468 156 467 32 33 81 129 68 92

245 184 108 129 54 21 63 77 47 43

1225


122 141 59 87 8 0 10 12 12 46

183 212 89 131 12 0 15 18 18 69

122 141 59 87 8 0 10 12 12 46

183 212 89 131 12 0 15 18 18 69

428 340 137 209 28 30 63 160 105 121

2140 1700


141 83 45 64 8 5 7 62 19 53

212 125 68 95 12 8 11 93 29 80

405 280 106 300 16 23 38 144 68 77

608 420 159 450 24 35 57 216 102 116

339 247 148 210 28 8 105 100 75 94

1695 1235

1705 1305

320 1155

0 125 335 275 190 275

204 256 81 116 3 5 46 49 37 50

1020 1278

262 299 107 260 30 28 130 102 43 93

1308 1495

405 578 15 25 230 245 185 250

1997


375 1095

165 250 350 375 380 405

535 1300

533 1395

105 140 480 345 310 440

1998


920 540 645 270 105 315 385 235 215

880 548 695 190 160 385 450 425 525

1999

25

685 1045

140 150 315 800 525 605

740 1050

140 40 525 500 375 470

508 1085

660 35 290 435 215 400

625 1083

110 15 560 575 610 555

523 1150

105 35 340 175 175 210

120 150 645 835 515 690

227 141 90 224 6 9 38

227 199 90 224 0 17 113 101 92 113

340 212 134 335 9 14 57

340 299 134 335 0 26 170 152 138 170

Occurrence of Blue Whale Calls from 1996-2001 5000-

4000

g 3000 # §2000

5000 4000 Mi

% 3000

g

2

i *" ■ WINTER ■ SPRING SUMMER ■ FALL Fig. 2 26

Fin Whale, F, Totals

Table 3

May

May

Jun

Actual

xl.5

Actual

Jun x1

12 9 6 3 63 98 60

6 22 0 3 12 7 5 0 0 0

9 33 0 5 18 11 8 0 0 0

1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

17 32 4 25 11 77 41 106 33 72

26 48 6 38 _| 17 116 62 159 50 108

0 2 6 0 11 43 13 9 0 11

0 3 9 0 17 65 20 14 0 17

0 0 7 0 8 2 0 0 2 0

0 0 7 0 8 2 0 0 2 0

21 29 50 32 96 84 21 159 140 225

25 14 2 23 20 19 58 63 22 45

37 21 3 34 30 29 87 95 63 68

4 22 8 3

6 33 12 5

0 0 1 0

0 0 1 0

2 0 20 0 3

3 0 30 0 5

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

46 18 89 30 84 49 109 275 126 250

69 27 134 45 126 74 164 413 189 375

44 17 40 24

7 5 4 0 2 7 2 9 2 11

11 8 6 0 3 11 3 14 3 17

0 0 2 0

0 0 2 0

52 58 92 42 234

66 26 60 36 63 78 87 138 63 351

2 0 0 0 4

2 0 0 0 4

1068

61 21 86 37 69 71 76 450 172 551

91 31 129 56 104 107 114 675 258 827

30 13 18 33 31 25 22 134 59 146

45 20 27 50 47 38 33 201 89 219

9 2 5 1 16 62 15 20 15 15

14 3 8 2 24 93 23 30 23 23

0 0 3 0 3 4 10 0 2 6

0 0 3 0 3 4 10 0 2 6

270 132 345 26 0 0 36 591 297 762

50 24 98 35 206 85 152 371 381 362

75 35 147 53 309 128 228 557 572 543

6 7 47 9 235 141 146 172 172 252

9 10 71 13 353 212 219 258 258 378

5 5 6 3 103 38 76 47 53 103

8 8 9 5 155 57 114 71 80 155

Actual

Jan x3

Actual

Feb X3

March Actual

March xl.5

April Actual

April X1.5

11 10 20 2 96 58 9

33 30 60 6 288 174 27

25 13 8 16 31 40 3

75 39 24 48 93 120 9

22 23 24 25 24 117 55

33 35 36 38 36 176 83

8 6 4 2 42 65 40

22 55 36 27 113 102 85 74 113 145

66 165 108 81 339 306 255 222 339 435

30 42 26 21 60 110 67 77 164 191

90 126 78 63 180 330 201 231 492 573

13 19 17 22 35 129 51 191 69 113

20 29 26 33 53 194 77 287 104 170

65 85 53 30 19 28 34 83 87 130

195 255 50 90 57 84 102 249 261 390

24 38 29 5 33 19 3 89 132 159

72 114 87 15 99 57 9 267 396 477

14 19 33 21 64 56 14 106 93 150

46 86 125 48 105 52 85 276 321 306

258 375 144 315 156 255 828 963 918

37 19 106 15 86 83 49 268 146 407

111 57 318 45 258 249 147 804 438

38 25 52 29 21 32 42

114 75 156 87 63 96 126

Jan 1995

Feb



NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2

NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3

J

1998



138

J

1221

42

,

2000


56 27 63 11 67 58 56 309 292 356

168 81 189 33 201 174 168 1127

876

2001


55 39 79 36 86 180 118 119 242 249

164 117 237 108 258 540 354 357 726 747

90 44 115 9 0 0 12 197 99 254

27

Fin Whale, F, Totals

Table 4 Jul 1995

Actual

Jul X1

Aug Actual

Aug x1

Sept Actual

Sept x1.5

Oct

Oct

Nov

Nov

Dec

Actual

X1.5

Actual

x1.5

Actual

0 0 0 0 72 59 69

0 0 0 0 108 89 104

4 12 3 0 62 33 26

Dec x3 11 35 9 0 186 99 78



1 3 4 1 0 0 2 0 0 0

1 3 4 1 0 0 2 0 0 0

2 8 0 5 0 7 11 0 0 0

2 8 0 5 0 7 11 0 0 0

3 30 37 48 69 84 74 1 0 0

5 45 56 72 104 126 111 2 0 0

19 13 65 21 104 60 123 1 0 4

28 19 98 31 156 90 185 2 0 6

1 5 3 0 57 150 69 40 15 30

2 7 5 0 86 225 104 60 23 45

10 13 30 34 37 43 31 77 118 154

29 38 90 102 111 129 96 231 354 462

0 3 6 0 5 9 4 0 0 0

0 3 6 0 5 9 4 0 0 0

15 13 11 20 16 33 40 3 0 0

15 13 11 20 16 33 40 3 0 0

36 24 20 42 57 90 132 0 0 2

54 36 30 63 86 135 198 0 0 3

46 39 107 74 29 62 117 10 2 2

65 58 160 110 44 93 176 15 3 3

32 58 63 38 36 97 106 24 15 25

48 87 95 56 54 146 159 36 23 38

44 50 41 30 10 12 65 83 49 76

132 150 122 90 30 36 195 249 147 228

0 0 12 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 12 0 2 0 0 0 0 0

7 11 9 4 0 0 2 11 0 0

7 11 9 4 0 0 2 11 0 0

59 38 47 34 9 14 48 6 0 0

89 57 71 51 14 21 72 9 0 0

25 24 97 7 9 14

38 36 146 11 14 21

34 50 151 16 31 30 239 97 66 68

51 74 226 34 47 45 359 146 99 102

83 65 92 33 27 12 125 220 323 312

249 194 275 99 81 36 375 660 969 936

1 0 7 0 3 2 12 9 0 0

1 0 7 0 3 2 12 9 0 0

9 3 26 6 34 6 56 88 0 0

9 3 26 6 34 6 56 88 0 0

41 46 108 81 99 14 108 81 6 14

62 69 162 122 149 21 162 122 9 21

74 79 148 57 49 20 97 51 33 0

110 119 221 86 74 30 145 77 50 0

40 90 119 44 42 52 121 144 34 144

59 134 178 66 63 78 182 216 51 216

35 60 43 28 104 54 70

105 180 129 84 312 162 210

2 2 6 0 6 5 86 0 2 0

2 2 6 0 6 5 86 0 2 0

14 27 45 17 58 49 267 19 5 15

14 27 45 17 58 49 267 19 5 15

43 28 103 46 135 39 127 19 12 20

65 42 155 69 203 59 191 29 18 30

37 39 133 79 140 92 228 110 25 100

55 59 199 118 210 138 342 165 38 150

56 172 272 55 258 218 224 149 70 155

84 257 407 82 387 327 336 224 105 233

61 113 275 58 215 202 215 297 224 198

183 339 825 174 645 606 645 891 672 594

1997


NW1 NW2 NC1^

NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1999



28

Occurrence of Fin Whale, F, Calls from 1996-2001

5000f

■ WINTER ■ SPRING SUMMER ■ FALL

Fig. 3 29

Fin Whale, J, Totals

Table 5 1995 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1996 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1997 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1998 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1999 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 2000 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 2001 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3

Jan Actual

Jan x6

Feb Actual

Feb x6

March Actual

March x6

April Actual

April x6

May Actual

May x6

Jun Actual

Jun x6

35 57 175 49 23 40 72

210 342 1050 294 138 240 432

41 35 138 31 3 77 47

246 210 828 186 18 462 282

11 8 43 43 0 0 5

66 48 258 258 0 0 30

0 0 31 4 0 0 2

0 0 186 24 0 0 12

2 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

12 0 186 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 29 3 0 0 2 0 0 0

0 0 174 18 0 0 12 0 0 0

26 22 47 22 0 3 6 50 25 6

156 132 282 132 0 18 36 300 150 36

1 3 52 16 0 0 2 4 26 0

6 18 312 96 0 0 12 24 156 0

7 6 34 8 4 3 2 6 8 10

42 36 204 48 24 18 12 24 48 60

2 4 32 3 0 0 28 0 0 3

12 24 192 18 0 0 168 0 0 18

1 4 27 1 0 9 18 0 0 0

6 24 162 6 0 54 108 0 0 0

0 3 24 1 0 11 6 0 0 0

0 18 144 6 0 66 36 0 0 0

10 21 67 35 4 2 44 18 35 19

60 126 402 210 24 12 264 108 210 114

8 14 74 62 0 16 9 0 3 0

48 84 444 372 0 96 54 0 18 0

7 11 46 47 0 3 49 4 11 0

42 66 276 282 0 18 294 24 66 0

2 1 26 2 0 5 33 5 3 0

12 6 156 12 0 30 198 30 18 0

0 0 25 0 0 13 20 0 0 0

0 0 150 0 0 78 120 0 0 0

0 0 23 0 0 0 10 0 0 0

0 0 138 0 0 0 60 0 0 0

18 4 57 43 0 14 40 20 45 12

108 24 342 258 0 84 240 120 270 72

10 9 54 17 0 11 84 65 106 35

60 54 324 102 0 66 504 390 636 210

15 12 28 12 0 7 35 37 75 56

90 72 168 72 0 42 210 222 450 336

22 16 74 30 0 0 72 48 18 36

132 96 444 180 0 0 432 288 108 216

0 0 25 3 0 2 14 0 0 0

0 0 150 18 0 12 84 0 0 0

0 0 26 0 0 0 5 0 0 4

0 0 156 0 0 0 30 0 0 24

69 57 170 39 20 111 150

414 342 1020 234 120 666 900

34 43 126 54 6 52 158 0 0 0

204 258 756 324 36 312 948 0 0 0

25 6 82 11 16 61 108 0 10 0

150 36 492 66 96 366 648 0 60 0

3 2 43 0 5 0 22 0 0 0

18 12 258 0 30 0 132 0 0 0

1 0 52 2 4 3 12 0 0 0

6 0 312 12 24 18 72 0 0 0

0 0 34 0 0 0 4 0 0 0

0 0 204 0 0 0 24 0 0 0

78 111 128 58 205 208 204 149 120 78

465 666 765 345 1230 1248 1224 894 720 468

91 30 159 154 61 80 83 69 186 85

543 177 954 921 366 480 498 414 1116 510

33 40 73 93 19 58 45 10 18 17

195 240 435 555 114 348 270 60 108 102

3 5 45 7 7 27 26 40 47 70

150 30 267 39 42 162 156 240 282 420

9 3 36 2 0 21 23 90 12 13

54 18 216 12 0 126 812 540 72 78

,

J

30

Fin Whale, J, Totals

Table 6 Jul Actual 1995 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1996 NW1 0 0 NW2 10 NC1 0 NC2 0 NE1 0 NE2 0 NE3 0 SE1 0 SE2 0 SE3 1997 0 NW1 3 NW2 27 NC1 0 NC2 0 NE1 J 0 NE2 NE3 0 SE1 2 0 SE2 0 SE3 1998 NW1 0 0 NW2 10 NC1 0 NC2 NE1 2 NE2 0 NE3 10 0 SE1 0 SE2 0 SE3 1999 0 NW1 0 NW2 NC1 16 0 NC2 0 NE1 NE2 0 NE3 3 0 SE1 SE2 0 SE3 0 2000 0 NW1 NW2 0 28 NC1 NC2 2 0 NE1 0 NE2 NE3 14 0 SE1 SE2 0 SE3 0

Nov Actual 50 9 10 14 0 4 22

Nov x6 300 54 60 84 0 24 132

Dec Actual 115 90 187 93 11 79 173

690 540 1122 558 66 474 1038

0 6 732 18 0 138 18 132 198 318

6 0 30 0 0 43 31 54 63 66

36 0 180 0 0 258 186 324 378 396

75 75 214 79 0 64 173 93 61 91

450 450 1284 474 0 384 1038 558 366 546

13 0 60 17 0 37 14 4 21 51

78 0 360 102 0 222 84 24 126 306

16 19 117 10 0 6 2 11 13 30

96 114 702 60 0 36 12 66 78 180

31 11 79 79 3 11 10 17 43 10

186 66 474 474 18 66 60 102 258 60

0 0 18 0 0 12 78 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 3 13 3 20 27 16

0 0 0 0 18 78 18 120 162 96

29 31 104 55 6 59 8 39 48 59

174 186 624 330 36 354 48 234 288 354

51 55 0 121 0 85 37 101 47 42

306 330 0 726 0 510 222 606 282 252

2 0 41 5 0 26 64 41 34 44

12 0 246 30 0 156 384 246 204 264

16 22 98 51 1 38 29 66 27 107

96 129 588 306 6 228 174 396 162 642

71 22 115 57 0 86 105 17 30 0

426 129 687 342 0 516 630 102 180 0

129 125 223 73 97 132 181

774 750 1338 438 582 792 1086

0 0 26 0 0 16 0 6 13 9

0 0 156 0 0 96 0 36 78 54

3 0 37 0 7 61 12 31 57 43

15 0 219 0 42 366 72 186 342 258

2 0 93 0 178 241 147 55 88 42

9 0 555 0 1068 1446 882 330 528 252

5 28 29 9 176 220 115 80 102 113

30 165 174 51 1056 1320 690 480 612 678

Oct Actual

Jul x6

Aug Actual

Aug X6

Sept Actual

Sept x6

0 0 60 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 8 39 5 0 10 0 13 2 12

0 48 234 30 0 60 0 78 12 72

0 1 122 6 0 23 3 22 33 53

0 18 162 0 0 0 0 12 0 0

0 0 19 0 0 0 2 3 0 0

0 0 114 0 0 0 12 18 0 0

0 0 21 0 0 0 6 18 0 7

0 0 126 0 0 0 36 108 0 42

0 0 60 0 12 0 60 0 0 0

0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 8 0

0 0 48 0 0 0 0 0 48 0

0 0 3 0 0 2 13 0 0 0

0 0 96 0 0 0 18 0 0 0

0 0 8 0 0 0 20 9 0 0

0 0 48 0 0 0 120 54 0 0

0 0 168 12 0 0 84 0 0 0

0 0 35 6 22 0 3 13 10 13

0 0 210 6 132 0 18 78 60 78

31

Oct X6

Dec X6

Fin Whale, J and F, Totals

Table 7 1995

Nov Dec Sept Oot Aug Jul Jun May March April Jan Feb F J Totals FJ Totals FJ Totals FJ Totals FJ Totals FJ Totals FJ Totals FJ Totals FJ Totals F J Totals FJ Totals FJ Totals 300 54 60 84 108 113 236



243 372 1100

300 426 414 459

321 249 852 234 111 582 291

99 83 294 296 36 176 113

12 9 192 27 63 98 72

21 33 186 5 18 11 8

1 2 175 18 0 0 12

1131

558 252 573 1116

479 488

5 93 290 102 104 186 111 80 12 72

28 25 830 49 156 228 203 134 198 324

38 7 185 0 86 483 290 384 401 441

0 0

54 36 156 63 86 135 234 108 0 45

143 58 520 212 44 315 260 39 129 309

144 201 797 116 54 182 171 102 101 218

318 216 596 564 48 102 255 351 405 288

164 131 176 117

225 260 850 364 83 399 407 380 387 456

555 524 275 825 81 546 597

2 6 0 5 0 7 11

1 3 64 1 0 0 2

701 575

1374

576 111 513 1134

789 720 1008

1997


15 13 125 20 16 33 52

222 297 390 213 339 324 291 522 489 471

96 144 390 159 180 330 213 255 648 573

62 65 230 81 77 212 89 311 152 230

38 72 198 56 17 116 230 159 50 126

6 27 171 6 17 119 128 14 0 17

0 18 151 6 8 68 36 0 2 0

0 21 168 0 5 9 4 12 0 0

255 381 452 300 81 96 366 357 471 504

120 198 531 387 99 153 63 267 414 477

63 95 326 314 96 102 315 183 206 225

49 27 159 46 30 59 285 125 81 68

6 33 162 5 0 81 120 30 0 5

0 0 139 0 0 0 60 0 0 0

0 0 72 0 14 0 60 0 0 0

7 11 57 4 0 0 2 11 48 0

89 57 89 51 14 33 150 9 0 0

246 282 717 402 315 240 495 948

171 111

159 99 302 117 126 116 374 635 639 711

198 122 504 216 63 78 519 426 171 567

11 8 156 18 3 23 87 14 3 17

0 0 158 0 0 2 30 0 0 24

1 0 103 0 3 2 30 9 0 0

9 3 74 6 34 6 176 142 0 0

74 69 408 152 149 177 546 368 213 285

206 248 809 392 80 258 319 473 212 642

485 263 865 408 63 594 812 318 231 216

241 67 621 122 200 473 762 675 318 827

63 32 285 50 77 38 165 201 89 219

20 3 320 14 48 111 95 30 23 23

0 0 207 0 3 4 34 0 2 6

2 2 174 12 6 5 170 0 2 0

14 27 255 23 190 49 285 97 65 93

65 42 311 69 203 155 191 65 96 84

70 59 418 118 252 504 414 351 380 408

93 257 962 82

213 504 999 225

1455 1773 1218

1701 1926 1335 1371 1284 1272

270 275 582 608 423 476 498 617 680 645

159 40 338 52 395 374 375 498 540 798

62 26 225 17 155 183 926 611 152 233

L

21

1998


56 L

114

1266 1251 1188

1999


1233

990

642 J

147 258 315 651 1194 1074 1431

879 930 1467

522 894 954 1296

2000


528 417 1176

321 183 762 1026

372 339 945 357 237 486 1116 1127

876 1068

2001


629 783

813 309

1002

1299

453

947 366 480 534

1488 1788 1578 1251 1446 1215

1005 1413 1272

33

554 633 485

Occurrence of Fin Whale, F and J, Calls from 1996-2001

34

Humpback Whale Totals

Table 8 1996 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1997 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1998 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1999 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 2000 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 2001 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3

Jan Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Jan x3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Feb Actual 2 0 1 0 0 0 0

Feb X3 6 0 3 0 0 0 0

Mar Actual 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Mar x3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Apr Actual 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 1 150 195

Apr x3 0 0 18 0 0 0 0 3 450 585

May Actual 0 0 61 0 0 2 1 33 115 151

May X3 0 0 183 0 0 6 3 99 145 453

Jun Actual 0 0 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Jun x3 0 0 45 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 76 2 3 5 2 6 100 166

3 0 228 6 9 15 6 18 300 498

1 1 4 3 0 0 2 1 39 99

3 3 12 9 0 0 6 3 117 297

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 13 12

0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 39 36

0 0 14 0 0 0 0 2 95 44

0 0 42 0 0 0 0 6 285 132

0 0 37 0 0 0 0 6 20 18

0 0 111 0 0 0 0 18 60 54

0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 20 0

0 0 24 0 0 0 0 0 60 0

5 4 83 0 0 1 20 36 188 177

15 12 249 0 0 3 60 108 564 531

0 3 38 1 0 0 0 6 79 120

0 9 114 3 0 0 0 18 237 360

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 83

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 270 249

0 0 1 2 0 0 0 5 53 12

0 0 3 6 0 0 0 15 159 36

0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2 1 1

0 0 6 0 0 0 0 6 3 3

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 3 0

9 15 37 9 0 0 20 35 21 35

27 45 111 27 0 0 60 105 63 105

0 0 5 2 0 0 0 0 15 45

0 0 15 6 0 0 0 0 45 135

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 7 6

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 18

0 0 38 2 0 0 0 0 4 0

0 0 114 6 0 0 0 0 12 0

0 0 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 2

0 0 120 0 0 0 0 0 0 6

0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

4 0 48 3 0 1 9

12 0 144 9 0 3 27

3 5 83 4 0 0 11 8 19 45

9 15 249 12 0 0 33 24 57 135

0 0 0 8 0 0 0 2 0 69

0 0 0 24 0 0 0 6 0 207

0 0 8 0 0 0 0 1 5 7

0 0 24 0 0 0 0 3 15 21

0 0 55 2 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 165 6 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 19 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 57 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 3 142 3 0 0 41 23 36 35

20 3 435 9 0 0 123 69 108 105

1 0 24 1 0 0 12 6 4 39

3 0 72 2 0 0 36 18 12 117

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 35 54 38

0 0 0 0 0 0 3 105 162 114

0 0 49 0 0 0 0 0 6 0

0 0 146 0 0 0 0 0 18 0

1 0 271 0 0 0 0 6 44 2

3 0 813 0 0 0 0 18 132 6

35

Humpback Whale Totals

Table 9 1996 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1997 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1998 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 1999 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3 2000 NW1 NW2 NC1 NC2 NE1 NE2 NE3 SE1 SE2 SE3

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Nov Actual 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

Nov x3 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 0

Dec Actual 2 0 31 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Dec x3 6 0 93 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 28 0 0 0

0 0 3 0 0 0 84 0 0 0

1 4 27 1 0 9 18 0 0 0

3 12 81 3 0 27 54 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 5 33 0 0 0

0 0 3 0 0 15 99 0 0 0

0 0 25 0 0 13 20 0 0 0

0 0 75 0 0 39 60 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 11 14 18 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 33 41 54 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 40 0 3 0 1 0 0 0

0 0 120 0 9 0 3 0 0 0

4 0 79 1 8 0 3

11 0 237 3 24 0 9

0 0 6

0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 33 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2 6 91 17 0 0 1 0 0 0

6 18 273 50 0 0 3 0 0 0

3 0 161 0 0 0 1 0 0 5

8 0 483 0 0 0 3 0 0 15

0 0 128 0 0 0 20 8 0 0

0 0 384 0 0 0 60 24 0 0

Jul Actual 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ju! x3 0 0 3 0

Aug Actual

Aug x3

Sept Actual

Sept X3

Oct Actual

Oct x3

0 0 0

0 0 0

0 1 0

0 3 0

0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1

a

0 0 0 0 0 0

36

o

o

Occurrence of Humpback Whale Calls from 1996-2001

■ WINTER ii SPRING SUMMER ■ FALL

Fig. 6 37

DOCUMENT LIBRARY Distribution List for Technical Report Exchange-July 1998

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50272-101 REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE

1. REPORT NO.

3. Recipient's Accession No.

WHOI-2001-16

4. Title and Subtitle

5. Report Date

Numbers of Calling Whales in the North Pacific

November 2001

William A. Watkins, Mary Ann Daher, Joseph E. George

7. Authorfs)

9. Performing Organization Name and Address

8. Performing Organization Rept. No.

WHOI-2001-16 10. Project/Task/Work Unit No.

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543

11. Contract(C) or Grant(G) No.

(C)

DCA87-00-H-0026

(G) 13. Type of Report & Period Covered

12. Sponsoring Organization Name and Address

Technical Report

CNO N45 Environmental Program and US Army Corps of Engineers with funding from the DOD Legacy Resource Management Program

14.

15. Supplementary Notes

This report should be cited as: Woods Hole Oceanog. Inst. Tech. Rept., WHOI-2001-16.

16. Abstract (Limit: 200 words)

Since November 1995, the U.S. Navy's Sound Surveillance System (SOSUS) and other hydrophone arrays were used to regularly sample the occurrence of whale sounds in four regions bordering the continental margins across the North Pacific. The numbers of whales heard calling varied with season and location for each species, blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus), fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). For blue whales, calling during the fall season averaged 5 whales per event, winter averaged 1.5 whales per event, spring averaged 1 whale, and summer averaged 1.5 whales. For fin whales the numbers of whales heard ("F" calls from individuals) during winter averaged 3 whales per event, spring and fall calling averaged 1.5 whales, and summer averaged 1 whale. The "J" calling events, regardless of season, were judged to be from at least 6 fin whales. Humpback singing typically was from 3 whales. These number demonstrated seasonal variations in calling whales for each region.

17. Document Analysis

a. Descriptors

Numbers of calling whales

North Pacific whales SOSUS arrays monitor whales b. Identifiers/Open-Ended Terms

c. COSATI Field/Group 19. Security Class (This Report)

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