Implementation of oracle real application cluster

REVIEW OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING STUDIES ISSN: 2369-0755 (Print), 2369-0763 (Online) Vol. 3, No. 4, December 2016, pp. 81-86 DOI: 10.18280/rces.030401 Licensed under CC BY-NC 4.0

A publication of IIETA

http://www.iieta.org/Journals/RCES

Implementation of oracle real application cluster Hayat Z., Soomro T.R. Computer Science, SZABIST, Dubai, UAE Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Oracle Real Application Cluster is Oracle technology component that can be active on multiple servers to serve as Oracle database server unique. Each server has separate own database instance and these all act as instance of single database for the external network access on the virtual IP address unique. The architecture of the RAC is provides fault tolerance and a great power of treatment. Oracle RAC provides several features in any database operation of the enterprise level for example the scalability, availability, load balancing and failover .Oracle Real Application Cluster is a technology that allows multiple servers to serve as the single Oracle database server. Each server has its own database instance and these all act as instance of single data base for the external network access on the virtual IP address unique. The architecture of the RAC is provides fault tolerance and a great power of treatment. The purpose of this study is to serve as a quick reference guide to the installation of management and operation The Oracle Cluster ware Real Application Cluster (RAC) database. This feature is initially targeted for the technical staff mainly of DBA Admins of the system.

Keywords: Node, Shared Storage, SAN, NAS, Cluster Ware, Oracle Kernel, Cluster Interconnects, Oracle ASM, SCANIP, DNS, CRS,FRA, Data files, Redo log files, Control file, Archive logs, SSH, RAID.

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 What is Oracle?

Cluster database instances are common challenging for each vendor application is presenting its own architecture design. Customers have the option to choose the product for mission-critical application. There are two leading management relational database products are available in the market. Both are data management platforms that provide different features that have demonstrated their ability to manage large-scale, mission-critical applications. However, both companies are offering different visions of how largescale, mission-critical applications of the future will be developed, designed and implemented. Oracle is unique application vendor offering Real Application Clusters (RAC) which increased in technology “scale-out” as the silver bullet for all types of applications, databases, essentially canceling the approximation traditional scale. Oracle claims that RAC offers unique scalability and availability at a low cost because of its ability to use inexpensive hardware. Oracle RAC and related technologies are the maximum availability of Oracle architecture, which improves disaster protection database and provide load balancing application. All previous architectures have existed in earlier versions of Microsoft SQL Server. Consequently, only improvements can be found in most of the features of SQL Server 2008 [1].

Oracle Corporation is an American global computer technology, headquartered in Redwood City, California. The company mainly specializes in the development and marketing of database software and technology, engineering systems in the cloud and enterprise software products. Oracle is the world's leading supplier of software for information management, but is best known for its refined products for relational databases. An Oracle database is a collection of data treated as a unit. The purpose of a database is to store and retrieve related information any. A database server is the key to solving the problems of information management [2]. 1.2 Why using Oracle Real application? Oracle Real Application Clusters is Oracle technology component that can be allows multiple servers to serve as a database server Oracle alone. Each server has its own database instance and this act as a single instance database instance for access to the external network in the single virtual IP address. Architecture is the RAC provides fault tolerance and high processing capacity. Oracle RAC is providing multiple functions in any database operation at company level, for example, scalability, availability, load balancing and failover .oracle Real Application Cluster is a technology that allows multiple servers to serve as a server Oracle database alone. Each server has its own database instance and this act as a single instance database instance for

81

access to the external network in the single virtual IP address. Architecture is the RAC provides fault tolerance and high processing capacity. The purpose of this document is to serve as a quick reference guide for installation management and operation of the database Oracle Real Application Cluster goods Cluster (RAC). This is initially intended for technical staff, mainly system administrators DBA [3].

1.5 Purpose of the study The purpose of this study is to serve as quick reference guide for managing and operating Oracle Cluster ware and Real Application Cluster (RAC) database. This is initially targeted for technical personnel mainly DBA’s System Admins.By definition RAC enables multiple instances that are interconnected by accessing shared oracle database. In a RAC environment, the Oracle database runs on two or more systems in a cluster while concurrently accessing a single shared database. The result is a single database system that spans multiple hardware systems yet appears as a single unified database system to the application. This enables RAC to provide high availability, scalability, and redundancy during failures within the cluster. RAC provide stations all system types, from read-only data warehouse systems to update-intensive online transaction processing (OLTP) systems. This article is installation and configuration of two node Oracle real time application cluster this article can be help to learn about two node cluster database and conversion standby oracle database to oracle RAC instance [3].

1.3 Comparison of Oracle RAC with other database management system A failover cluster solution in general cannot be associated with Oracle Real Application Clusters. With Oracle RAC same database instance is running on all RAC nodes enabling all nodes to actively share workload in the cluster. This means, Oracle Real Application Clusters can make use of any new node in the cluster, scaling out the workload immediately across all nodes. Using Oracle’s Automatic Storage Management (ASM), mirroring data either within a storage subsystem or between more than one storage systems is totally transparent to the RAC database. ASM provides normal redundancy to maintain a single mirror (either on another disk or other storage systems) and high redundancy to maintain 2 data copies in different locations. ASM stripes the data across all disks, ensuring an optimized IO utilization. In addition, all ASM disk groups, the logical unit in which ASM organizes the disk available to ASM, are open and accessible on every node of the cluster at any point in time. In case of a node failure, no data needs to be made visible to another node, since all the data is already accessible to any node. In case of a storage failure, the RAC database remains fully operational without any service interruption. Microsoft introduced new feature SQL database mirroring like oracle Data Guard in oracle. It was provided in an early version as part of the initial SQL Server 2005 release. Microsoft changed the status as part of the SP1 upgrade. With SQL Server 2008, the Mirror Database feature has undertaken some further enhancements. For example, only in the 2008 version of SQL Server, a manual failover can be performed without restarting the database. In addition, the mirroring protection is comprehensive to pages of data in a way that once a page is found to be corrupt on either the principal server or mirror server, the corresponding page is retrieved from its partner server and the database operation can continue seamlessly. Using a newly available compression technology, Microsoft furthermore allows compressing the data flow between the primary server and the mirror server to reduce network traffic. While the classic Mirror Database approach could only have 1 mirror server, Microsoft SQL Server 2008 introduces a variant allowing periodical Log Shipping between more than 1 warm standby sites. Log shipping occurs on a schedule and therefore, there is a time delay between the data changes on the master server and these changes transferred to the secondary server. [1] [4].

1.6 Scope of the study HOME GRID_HOME ORACLE_HOME

Required Space 10GB 10GB

Allocated Space 81GB ( Both Homes)

Mount point /u01 /u01

This study is details document that how to Install and configure Oracle RAC Database on two Nodes on VMWare Workstation as virtual environment. This study can help to know about Oracle RAC architecture deep knowledge about oracle RAC.it is best for education purpose to make testing using open source storage to know .it also provide step by step method to setup RAC database environment. This study also explained comparison between Oracle RAC and Microsoft SQL Server [5]. 1.7 Limitation of the study This study is provided for educational purposes only setup has been kept simple to determine ideas and concepts [1]. Material and methods: This study is based on experimental approach this section provided all pre-installation and post installation methods which includes Virtual Lab software requirements followed by Hardware requirement and software requirements in general for Oracle RAC for cluster environment installation and configuration. Before launching installation methods, we need to consider few things this study uses the 64-bit versions of Oracle Linux and Oracle 11g Release 2. 1.8 Virtual lab requirements  

1.4 Oracle Cluster ware (OCR) The Oracle Cluster ware requires the following two critical files:  Voting Disk  Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR

VMware Workstation 9.0.0 build-812388 Open filer SAN

1.9 Hardware requirements   

82

Physical memory swap space Temporary space

groupadd asmadmin groupadd asmdba groupadd asmoper groupadd oper # useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin, asmdba, asmoper, dba -m grid # useradd -g oinstall -G dba, asmdba, asmadmin, oper -m oracle # passwd oracle # passwd grid Repeat Step 1 through Step 3 on each node in your cluster  SSH Configuration and Configuring Kernel Parameters Set the following kernel parameters to values greater than or equal to the recommended  Stage the Oracle Software It is recommended that you stage the required software onto a local drive on Node 1 of your cluster.  Prepare the shared storage for Oracle RAC  Device which are configured for ASM Disks  Verify the setting with using following commands from nod1:  Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Database Software Installation From Figure 2.6.10-1 to 5 are the grid installation processes. Login grid user # xhost + # su - grid

All servers should be used in the cluster should have the same chip Architecture, for example, all Linux processors or all x86 64-bitprocessors 1.10 Software requirements  Oracle Database-version 11.2.0.1 or higher  Oracle Cluster Ready Services-version 11.2.0.1 or higher 1.11 Shared storage Disk space for software installation 1.12 Network hardware requirements All Nodes should have at least 2 Network Interface cards (NIC), or Network Adapters. Public interface names must be the same for all Nodes. Example, if the public interface on one node uses the network adapter eth0, then you must configure eth0 as the public interface on all nodes. Here interfaces are bonded to improve the performance & high availability. Here the a. Bonded interfaces for Public & Private b. Subnet Requirements c. NSLOOKUP for all IPs in the Nodes (a command to resolve the host) is given and Figure 2.1 shows below the successfulness of commands and it resolve the host.

Figure 0.2 Grid Installtion Step-1

Figure 0.1 Nslookup Command Output All Nodes /etc/hosts file will look like this. 1.13 Operating System Software Requirements Validate Oracle Linux packages “yum install oraclevalidated” Update operating System yum update  Network Time Protocol Setting  User Accounts Groupadd dba Groupadd oinstall

Figure 0.3 Secure shell connectivity

83



ASM Disk Group Creation

Run ./asmca utility from the grid home to invoke the below configuration to configure the asm disk group in ASM instance as below

Figure 0.7 Install the Oracle Database 11gR2 Binaries

Figure 0.4

Automatic storage configuration disk groups

Figure 0.5

Figure 0.8 Type of Oracle Installation

Creating Disk Groups

 Sequence of and Stopping and Starting Oracle RAC Shutdown Procedure Stop RAC Database instance on each node Stop nodeapps (Listener, VIP, GSD, ONS) on each node Startup Procedure Start nodeapps (Listener, VIP, GSD, ONS) on each node Start RAC Database instance on each node Starting and Stopping Instances and RAC Database ORCL NOTE: In RAC, shutting down one instance does not interfere with the operation of other running instances. To shut down a RAC database completely, shut down every instance that has the database open or mounted. All Cluserware commands should be executed from $CRS_HOME/bin A) Starting up and Shutting Down with SQLPLUS ORCL Database Shutdown Procedure (We need to use appropriate instance name i.e ORCL1 / ORCL2) Sqlplus /nolog Conn /@ORCL1 as sysdba Shutdown immediate ORCL Database Startup Procedure Sqlplus /nolog Connect /@ORCL1 as sysdba

Figure 0.6 Verify the Cluster resources from the GRID Home

84

•SQL Server on SMP servers with Database Mirroring for high availability is a more cost effective and easier to manage solution than Oracle RAC. SQL Server can meet the scalability requirements of 99% of customers’ real-world applications, while providing the desired levels of availability. •For situations where scale-out architectures are the only choice, both Oracle RAC and SQL Server should be considered as equally

Startup B) Starting up and Shutting Down with SRVCTL NOTE: With powerful SRVCTL utility we can startup/shutdown a single instance or all instances of RAC database with a single command. \ ORCL Database Shutdown Procedure ./srvctl stop instance –d ORCL –i ORCL1  To stop instance 1 ./srvctl stop instance –d ORCL –i ORCL2  To stop instance 2 ./srvctl stop database –d ORCL  To shutdown both instances of ORCL database together ORCL Database Startup Procedure ./srvctl start instance –d ORCL –i ORCL1  To start instance 1 ./srvctl start instance –d ORCL –i ORCL2  To start instance 2 ./srvctl start database –d ORCL  To start both instances of ORCL database together Starting and Stopping NODEAPPS(Listener, VIP, GSD, ONS) NODEAPPS shutdown Procedure ./srvctl stop nodeapps –n nod1 ./srvctl stop nodeapps –n nod2 NODEAPPS startup Procedure ./srvctl start nodeapps –n nod1 ./srvctl start nodeapps –n nod2 Starting and Stopping whole Clusterware stack CRSCTL shutdown Procedure ./crsctl stop crs  To be issued on each cluster node as “root” user CRSCTL startup Procedure ./crsctl start crs  To be issued on each cluster node as “root” user Monitoring Real Application Clusters Setup Checking database status ./srvctl status database –d ORCL Checking database configuration ./srvctl config database –d ORCL  will show database configuration for each node Checking Node Applications services status ./srvctl status nodeapps –n nod1| nod2 Checking all cluster services status ./crs_stat –t  Provides status information for resources on the cluster nodes,below is a sample output Checking Voting Disk status ./crsctl query css votedisk Checking Oracle Cluster Registry (OCR) status ./ocrcheck Checking CRS daemon health ./crsctl check crs Checking CSS daemon health ./crsctl check css [1] [5] [6] [7].

2.2 Final output and test

Figure 0.1 Status of RAC database instance

Figure 0.2 Check status for globel databases

2. RESULT AND FINDING 2.1 Findings After an in-depth analysis of Oracle RAC and SQL Server it concludes that. • Oracle RAC is an interesting technology with great potential. However its high-cost and Excessive administrative complexity offsets any potential hardware cost savings obtained by using commodity hardware.

Figure 0.3 Check the RAC database instaces

85

[4]

2.3 Discussion & future work Oracle Real Application Cluster is projected for HA and scalability RAC provide protection level hardware and software. Oracle Real Application Cluster database delivers HA to ensure constant data access even some cluster nodes are down due to any failure of hardware and software. It can be scaled up or down because the business scale grows. Oracle Application Cluster is unique in the market offering its capabilities. RAC is being used by millions customers worldwide in all industries who having mission critical application environments.

[5] [6]

[7] REFERENCES [1]

[2] [3]

Oracle, “Oracle Grid Infrastructure, Oracle Documentation,” [Online]. Available: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E18248_01/doc/install.112/e 16763/oraclerestart.htm#CHDFDAIG. Oracle, “What is Oracle,” [Online]. Available: https://www.oracle.com/corporate/index.html#info. D. O. O. source, “Why RAC,” [Online]. Available: https://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/rac.111/b28254 /admcon.htm.

[8]

86

Oracle, “Oracle® Database Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux,” [Online]. Available: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e243 21/oraclerestart.htm. oracle, “oracle white paper,” MAY 2008. [Online]. Available: www.oracle.com/technetwork/.../twpracsqlserver-2008-130739.pdf. Oracle, “Oracle® Real Application Clusters Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux and,” [Online]. Available: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e246 60/chklist.htm. Oracle, “Oracle® Grid Infrastructure Installation Guide 11g Release 2 (11.2) for Linux,” [Online]. Available: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e224 89/prelinux.htm. Oracle, “TECH: Unix Semaphores and Shared Memory Explained [ID 15566.1],” [Online]. Available: http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e243 21/pre_install.htm.