Instrumentation

1

ISTRUMETATIO CODE IE 201

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RATIOALE To order to carry out the preventive maintenance of electronic gadgets, fault location, testing and calibration, knowledge and skill of electronic instruments is essential. The contents of this subject are to cover some of the aspects of electronic instruments. COTETS 1.

Multimeter : 1.1

Principle of measurement of 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3

1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 2.

Block diagram of CRO Construction of CRT Deflection sensitivity and various controls Detail of X-Y section and delay line Horizontal sweep section Synchronization of sweep and triggered sweep Measurement of voltage, current frequency and phase angle using CRO CRO probe Construction and working of dual trace dual beam and analog storage type CRO's, High frequency probes.

Working Principle and Application of : 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7

5.

Characteristics and specification of analog electronic voltmeter of different kinds Circuits for DC voltmeter using BJTs and FETs (single device and balanced bridge type) Ramp type Digital Volt Meter Integrating type Digital Volt Meter

Cathode Ray Oscilloscope : 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9

4.

AC and DC sensitivity Calculation of shunt and multiplier for range extension Loading effect Specifications

Electronic Voltmeter : 2.1 2.2 2.3. 2.4

3.

D.C. Voltage and current A.C. Voltage and current Resistance

Q-meter Transistor tester Digital frequency counter Analog IC tester LCR Bridge Output power meter (AF) Function Generator

Signal Generation : 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

Sinewave generators, Frequency synthesised signal generators Sweep frequency generators Special waveform generators.

2

Instrumentation Engineering 6.

Signal Analysis : 6.1 6.2

6.3 6.4 7.

Measurement Technique, Wave Analysers 6.2.1 Frequency selective wave anslyser 6.2.2 Hetrodyne wave analyser Harmonic distortion analyser Spectrum analyser.

Frequency : 7.1

Time & Interval measurement 7.1.1 Resonance methods 7.1.2 Wave meters 7.1.3 Frequency counting 7.1.4 Time Interval measurement 7.1.5 System Time Counters

7.2

Frequency Counters - Gating error, Time base error, Trigger level error, High frequency measurements. PRACTICALS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Measurement of DC voltage and current by multimeter Measurement of AC voltage and current by multimeter Measurement of resistance by multimeter Complete study of multimeter and specification. Study of electronic voltmeter Study and use of CRO for voltage, frequency and phase angle measurement Measurement of phase and frequency using lissagious figure by CRO Testing of transistors using transistor tester Testing of digital IC's using IC tester Study of seven-segment display (LED and LCD) Study of digital frequency meter Study of digital voltmeter

REFERECE BOOKS : 1. 2. 3. 4.

A Course in Electrical & Electronics Measurement & Instrumental Modern Electronic Instrumentation & Measurement Techniques Electronic Instrumentation Fundamentals Electronic Measurement

A.K. Sawhney Cooper Malvino Ternan Pettit

*****

ELECTRICAL EGIEERIG AD MEASUREMETS CODE IE 202

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RATIOALE This course aims to familiarise the students about the basic principles of electrical engineering, electrical machines and most generally used instrument for measurement of electrical quantity in industry. This curriculum helps them to operate the machines and different measuring instruments.

3

Instrumentation Engineering COTETS 1.

D.C. Machine : 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6

Principle of D.C. motor Construction of D.C. motor Back e.m.f., speed, torque and power relationship Characteristics of D.C. motor Type and application of D.C. motor Simple idea of motor starter

2.

A.C. Machine : 2.1 Basic Principle of operation, Construction, Phasor diagram, equivalent circuit, Efficiency & Regulation of 2.1.1 Single phase transformer 2.1.2 Three phase induction motor 2.1.3 Synchronous Machine

3.

Polyphase Circuit : 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

4.

A.C. Bridges : 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

5.

Star delta connection Current, voltage and power relation for star delta connection Advantage and disadvantage of polyphase circuit Simple problem on star delta circuit

Generalized treatment of four arm A.C. bridges Sources and detectors Maxwell's inductance and capacitance bridges Hay's bridge Anderson bridge Heaviside bridge Schersing bridge De-sauty's bridge and Wein's bridge

Measuring Instruments : 5.1 5.2

5.3

Classification of measuring instruments General consideration of torques employed in indicating type instrument (deflection torque, control torque, damping torque) Construction and working of voltmeter and ammeter 5.3.1 5.3.2 5.3.3 5.3.4

5.4

Construction and working of wattmeter 5.4.1 5.4.2

5.5 5.6

Moving iron type Moving coil type Rectifier type Dynamometer type

Dynamometer type Induction type

Induction type energy meter Ohmmeter 5.6.1 5.6.2

Series type Shunt type

4


Range Extension and Calibration : 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10

Significance of range extension Use of series and shunt multipliers Instrument transformer for range extension Working principle of potentionmeter Calibration method of ammeter and voltmeter (D.C.) by potentiometer Multirange ammeter and voltmeter Simple problems Vector impedance meter Magger Cable fault locator PRACTICALS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Study of D.C. motor parts Study the load characteristics of D.C. shunt and series motor Study of induction motor Study of synchronous motor Study of stepper motor Study of construction of moving coil, moving iron type instruments Study of Maxwell's impedance, capacitive bridge. Study of Hay's bridge Study of Schering's bridge Study of De-sauty's bridge and Wein bridge Use of series multiplier for voltmeter range extension Use of shunt multiplier for ammeter range extension Calibration of voltmeter and ammeter (D.C.) using potentiomeor Measurement of insulation resistance by megger Study of induction type energy meter Perform open circuit test on single phase transformer. Perform Closed circuit test on single phase transformer.

REFERECE BOOKS : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

A Course in Elect. Engg. Electrical Technology Electrical Technology A Course in Electrical & Electronics Measurements & Measuring Instruments Electrical Machine Electrical Technology

K.D. Sharma S.L. Uppal J.B. Gupta A.K. Sawhrey I.J. Nagpal B.L. Thareja *****

ETWORK AALYSIS CODE IE 203

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RATIOALE Analysis of any electronics circuit is essential for any electronics engineer. To analyse any circuit the knowledge of network elements and their behaviour, different types of networks and networks configuration is essential. Different network theorem and laws guide the proper way to analyse the networks. Laplace transformation helps an engineer to reduce the mathematical calculations.

5


General etwork Concept : 1.1

Network Elements (Definition and examples) 1.1.1

1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7

Initial conditions in elements Mutual inductance (coupling coefficient and dot rule) Voltage and current sources (ideal and practical) Dependent and independent sources Accompanied and unaccompanied sources Classification of networks (Definition and examples) 1.7.1 1.7.2

1.8

Balanced and unbalanced T section Symmetrical and Asymmetrical π (Pie) section L section Lattice section Bridge Bridge T section ladder network

Mesh and odal Analysis : 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5

3.

One port network Two port network

Network configuration (No formula derivation) 1.8.1 1.8.2 1.8.3 1.8.4 1.8.5 1.8.6 1.8.7

2.

Active and passive, Linear and non-linear, Unilateral and bilateral, Lumped and distributed circuit parameters

Definition of branch, node, mesh, loop and tree. Kirchhoff's laws Voltage and current equations for simple meshes and nodes Cramer's Rule Simple problems upto three variable using Cramer's rules

Laplace Transformation : 3.1 3.2

Introduction to Laplace transformation Solution of first order and second order differential equations (no initial condition)

3.3

Laplace transform of 3.3.1 Unit step function 3.3.2 Ramp function 3.3.3 Exponential function 3.3.4 Impulse function 3.3.5 Sinusoidal functions 3.3.6 Parabolic function 3.3.7 Derivative of function 3.3.8 Integral of function

3.4

Laplace transform theorems 3.4.1 3.4.2

3.5 3.6

Shifting theorem Initial and final value theorem

Inverse Laplace transformation for simple, multiple and conjugate complex roots. Application of Laplace transformation for simple RL, RC and RLC series circuits

6

Instrumentation Engineering 3.7

D.C. transients in RL, RC and RLC circuits 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.7.3

4.

etwork Theorems : 4.1

Statement, proof, application and numerical problems related to 4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.1.7 4.1.8

5.

Superposition theorem Reciprocity theorem Thevenin's theorem Norton's theorem Millman's theorem Maximum power transfer theorem Tellegen's theorem (Only statements) Star Delta conversion

Two Port etworks : 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11

6.

Determination of initial condition Determination of final condition Simple numerical problems

Introduction Open circuit impedance parameters Short circuit admittance parameters Hybrid (h) parameters Transmission parameters Inter-relationship between Z and Y parameters Equivalent models of Z and Y parameters Reciprocity and symmetry of two port networks Equivalent T and π (Pie) section representation Determination of Z and Y parameters for some special networks (T, π, lattice, bridge T) Idea of image impedance, characteristics impedance for two port networks

Resonance : 6.1

Series resonance in uncoupled circuits 6.1.1 Definition, reactance curves, resonance condition, selectivity and bandwidth

6.2

Parallel resonance in uncoupled circuits 6.2.1 Circuit and phasor diagram 6.2.2 Derivation of resonance conditions 6.2.3 Selectivity and bandwidth

6.3

Q factor, Q factor on energy basis

REFERECE BOOKS : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Network Analysis Network Analysis Network Analysis A Course in Circuit Analysis A Course in Circuit Analysis Circuit Theory Electric Circuits Network Analysis Circuit Analysis

Arumugan & Prem Kumar Dhar & Gupta Ven Valenburg Soni & Gupta Umesh & Sinha Iyer Josheep Edminster Suba Rao & Prasad Hayt ******

7

Instrumentation Engineering

COCEPTS OF DIGITAL ELECTROICS CODE IE 204

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RATIOALE Basic digital electronics is the requirement of modern computer, microprocessor and digital communication systems. On account of reliability and accuracy digital electronic systems are replacing conventional analog systems. A diploma pass out having knowledge of digital system will be useful to the industries. COTETS 1.

Introduction : 1.1 1.2

2.

umber System : 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9

3.

Historical review - losgical statements, logical constants and variables, truth table Boolean operators Postulates of Boolean algebra Laws of Boolean algebra Duality theorem De' Morgan's theorem Simplification of Boolean expressions Verification of Boolean expressions using truth table

Minimization Techniques ( K-Mapping) : 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

6.

Introduction Symbol and truth table of NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, EX-OR and EX-NOR gates Universal gates Positive, negative and tristate logic

Boolean Algebra : 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

5.

Decimal, binary, octal and hexa-decimal number system Conversion of a number from one system to another system Binary addition, subtraction and multiplication Representation of positive and negative numbers 1's complement and 2's complement Subtraction using 2's complement Parity bit Binary codes (Gray, Excess -3, Hamming codes), ASCII code Floating point number

Logic Gates : 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

4.

Digital signal and its representation Advantages of digital techniques

Representation of Boolean expression - min. and max. term SOP, POS Conversion of truth tables in POS and SOP form Karnaugh map upto 4 variables - implication of logic function with and without don't care conditions Realization of logic diagrams using NAND/NAND, NOR/NOR gate

Combinational Logic Design : 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4

Binary half and full adder Binary half and full subtractor Binary serial, parallel and BCD adder Parity bit generator and checker

8

Instrumentation Engineering 6.5 6.6

Binary comparator Multiplexer 6.6.1 6.6.2

6.7

Demultiplexer 6.7.1 6.7.2

6.8

BCD to Decimal BCD to seven segment

Sequential Systems : 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4

Introduction Symbol, logic circuit, truth table of R-S, J-K, M/S J-K,D,T flip-flops Edge and level triggering Shift registers 7.4.1 7.4.2 7.4.3

7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 8.

Decimal to BCD

Decoder 6.9.1 6.9.2

7.

1 to 4 Demultiplexer 1 to 16 Demultiplexer

Encoder 6.8.1

6.9

4 to 1 multiplexer 16 to 1 multiplexer

Left, right and bi-direction Series and parallel Universal shift register

Asynchronous and synchronous counters - up, down and up-down Mod counters - Mod 5, Mod 9, decade counter Ring counters, Johnson counter Programmable counters Use of shift register for simple binary multiplication and division.

Logic Families : 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9

Classification of digital ICs. Characteristics of digital ICs. RTL/RCTL DTL TTL logic - Operation of TTL NAND gate, open collector and totem - pole output, characteristics of TTL, TTL subfamilies Concept of ECL and I2 L. PMOS, NMOS and CMOS (NAND, NOR, NOT) Circuits. Comparison of logic families Interfacing TTL with CMOS family

PRACTICALS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Verify the truth tables of NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, EX-OR, EX-NOR gates Design a NOT, AND, OR, EX-OR, EX-NOR gates using universal gates Design a binary half and full adder Design a binary half and full substractor Study of BCD to 7 segment decoder Verify the truth table of RS, D, J-K, M/S J-K,D,T flip-flops.

9

Instrumentation Engineering 7. 8. 9. 11. 12. 13.

Study of asynchronous binary ripple up, down and up-down and different mod counters Study of synchronous counters Study of decade counter Study of programmable counter Study of a shift register using flip flops Study of ring counter using flip flops

REFERECE BOOKS : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

Digital Principles & Applications Integrated Electronics Digital Electronics Digital Electronics Practice Using IC’s Modern Digital Electronics Digital Electronics Digital Intregrated Circuit Digital Design Digital Logic Design

Malvino Leach. Millman & Halkias T.C. Bartee R.P. Jain. R.P. Jain L. Solanki K.R. Botker Flloyd Morris Mano. *****

COCEPTS OF ELECTROIC DEVICES AD CIRCUITS CODE IE 205

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RATIOALE Today is the day of electronics. This subject covers the basic concept of electronics for engineers, this subject is foundation of electronics which helps the student to study the other subject. COTETS 1.

Vacuum Tubes : 1.1 1.2

Types of emissions. Brief idea of construction, characteristics, working and applications of 1.2.1 1.2.2

2.

Diode Valve. Triode Valve.

Semiconductor and P Junction : 2.1. 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

Metal, non metals and semiconductors and their Energy Band Diagram. Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors. Effect of temperature on extrinsic semiconductor Energy band diagram of extrinsic semiconductor Fermi Level and fermi dirac distribution Drift and diffusion current Hall Effect P-N Junction Diode 2.8.1 Space charge region, Barrier potential and effect of temperature 2.8.2 Energy band diagram 2.8.3 Biasing of diode. 2.8.4 V-I characteristics 2.8.5 Static and dynamic resistance 2.8.6 Transition and diffusion capacitance 2.8.7 Zenner and Avalanche breakdown


Working, characteristics and application of 2.9.1 2.9.2 2.9.3 2.9.4 2.9.5

2.10 2.11 3.

Photo conductors Cds photo conductive cells and photo voltaic cell.

Constructional details of PNP and NPN transistors Working of a transistor 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4

3.3 3.4

Transistor as a switch Transistor as an amplifier

Transistor Biasing and Bias Stability : 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

D.C. and A.C. Load line. Operating point and its stability Factors affecting bias stability Stability factors Bias stabilization Calculation of operating point and stability factor for 4.6.1 4.6.2 4.6.3

4.7

4.8

Fixed Bias Circuit. Collector to base biasing. Voltage Divider biasing (Self bias)

Bias Compensation techniques using 4.7.1 4.7.2

Diode. Thermistor and Sensistor.

Thermal stability and Thermal runaway

Small Signal Transistor Amplifier : 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5.

6.

Charge transport phenomenon Transistor amplifying action Relation between different currents in a transistor Simple problems

Configuration of transistor (CB, CE and CC) Behavior of BJT in Active, Cut off and Saturation regions 3.4.1 3.4.2

5.

Tunnel diode Zener diode Varactor diode Photo diode Light emitting diode (LED)

Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) : 3.1 3.2

4.

10

CB, CE and CC amplifier and their low frequency small signal equivalent circuit using hybrid parameters. Calculation of voltage gain, current gain, input impedance, output impedance and power gain for resistive loads. (Av, Ai, Zi, Zo, Avs, Ais, and Ap) Analysis of emitter follower circuit Approximate analysis of CE amplifier with and without RE , Emitter follower circuits Classification of amplifiers

Field Effect Transistor : 6.1

Construction, operation and characteristics of JFET , E and D MOSFET

11

Instrumentation Engineering 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 7.

Biasing of FET Small signal model of JFET Terminology used with JFET Precaution for handling of MOSFETs

Rectifiers and Power Supplies : 7.1

Working of rectifiers 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.1.3

7.2

Analysis of rectifiers (for all type) 7.2.1 7.2.2 7.2.3 7.2.4

7.3

Calculations for average and RMS values PIV of diodes Ripple factor Regulation and efficiency

Calculation of ripplefactor and working of following filters: 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3

7.4 7.5

Half wave rectifier Centre tape full wave rectifier Bridge rectifier

Capacitance filter Inductance filter L-C and π (Pie) filters

Voltage Multipliers Regulated power supply using zener diode 7.5.1

Simple problems on zener regulator. PRACTICALS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

To plot the V-I characteristics of P-N diode and LED. To plot the V-I characteristics of zener diode and study of zener diode regulator circuit To plot the V-I characteristics of PNP transistor in CB, CE and CC configuration To plot the V-I characteristics of NPN transistor in CB, CE and CC configuration and calculate h-parameter for CE configuration. Study of the different biasing circuits and observe the effect of component variation on operating point Study of half wave and full wave rectifiers. Study of bridge rectifier. To study the filter circuits and measure the ripple factor. To plot the V-I characteristics of JFET To plot the V-I characteristics of MOSFET. To study the voltage multipliers. To Study Emitter follower circuits and measure its input and output impedances To study the behavior of Cds photo conductive, photo voltaic cell and photo conductors

REFERECE BOOKS : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Electronic Devices & Circuits Electronic Devices & Circuits Electronic Devices & Circuits Functional Electronics Electronic Devices & Circuits Electronic Devices & Circuits

Millman & Halkias G.K. Mittal A.Mottershed K.V. Ramanan Mathur, Kulshrestha & Chadda Sanjeev Gupta *****

12


IDUSTRIAL ISTRUMETATIO CODE IE 206

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RATIOALE Instrumentation is the heart of the process industry, It plays a very important role in the production. In order to run the industry smoothly and efficiently it is very much needed. Fundamentals of instrumentation gives an introduction to the subject. COTETS 1.

Basic of Instrumentation : 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.10 1.11

2.

Flow : 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13

3.

Names of important process parameters, their units, necessity of measuring these parameters Primary & secondary standards Name of the sensors used for above parameters and their ranges Direct & indirect measurement Static & dynamic characteristics Actuating, controlling & damping methods Concept of under, over and critical, damping Source of errors Classification of errors Their remedies Simple numerical problems

Introduction Differential pressure flow meter Orifice plates Venturi tubes Flow nozzles Dall tubes Pitot tubes Annubar tubes Rotameter Electromagnetic and ultrasonic flow meters Vortex flow meters Mass flow type meters Shunt flow meters

Level : 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11

Introduction Float type Displacement type Hydrostatic type Diaphragm type Differential pressure method Electrical conductivity method Capacitance level Ultrasonic and nucleonic gauges Capacitance probes Solid level detectors


Density : 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6

5.

Moisture / Humidity : 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

6.

Moisture content of materials Methods of measurement of moisture Humidity Methods of measurement of humidity

Viscosity : 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8

7.

Introduction Hydrometers Density of gases Metering orifice Gas impulse wheel methods Gas specific gravity measuring system

Introduction Co-efficient of viscosity and temperature Ostwald method of determination of viscosity Free fall of piston under gravity Two float viscometer Torque method Ultrasonic shear waves method Temperature compensation

Pressure : 7.1 7.2 7.3

Introduction Conventional pressure transducers Mechanical pressure transducers 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.3 7.3.4

7.4 7.5 7.6

8.

Manometer method C-type Bourdon tube Diaphragm Bellows

Measurement of vacuum Force balance pressure gauges Electrical pressure transducers 7.6.1 Strain gauge pressure transducer 7.6.2 Potentiometric pressure transducer 7.6.3 Capacitive pressure transducer 7.6.4 Piezo electric pressure transducers

Temperature : 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 8.10 8.11

Introduction Temperature scales Temperature measuring theory Methods of measuring temperature, filled systems Resistance thermometer Thermocouples Bimetallic thermometer Thermistors Radiation pyrometer Optical pyrometer Thermographic color change, Acoustical, Quartz crystal thermometers

13

14


Vibration : 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5

10.

Speed Measurements : 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 10.6

11.

Introduction Methods of vibration measurement Vibration pick-ups Vibrometers Measuring, monitoring and balancing

Introduction Mechanical tachometers Electrical tachometers Contact less tachometers Frequency type tachometers Stroboscopic tachometers

Miscellaneous Measurement : 11.1 11.2 11.3

Force and Torque Acceleration and Velocity Weight PRATICALS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

Measurement of flow by rotameter Study and testing of house water meter Measurement of flow by orifice method Measurement of flow by differential pressure flow meter Measurement of flow by magnetic flow meter Study of vibration pick-ups To determine relative humidity by wet and dry bulb hygrometer Measurement of viscosity by red wood viscometer Measurement of density by Hydrometer Measuring of speed of a motor by hand tachometer Measurement of speed of a motor fan by electronic stroboscope method Measurement of temperature by thermistor Measurement of temperature by filled system Measurement of pressure by Bourden tube pressure gauge Measurement of pressure by manometer Study of various pressure elements

REFERECE BOOKS : 1. 2.

Mechanical and Industrial Measurements Industrial Instrumentation and Control

R.K. Jain S.K. Singh *****

TRASDUCERS & TELEMETRY CODE IE 207

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P 2

RATIOALE The students should know the type of signal received from the primary instrument and its treatment so that it can be used for measurement and control purposes. Here he will study different types and use of signal generating transducers. In instrumentation system, the various components comprising the system are usually located at a distance from control room. The make connection between components the subject is included.

15


Transducers : 1.1 1.2

2.

Variable Resistive Transducers : 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6

3.

Frequency modulated transducers Reluctance pulse picks up transducers Phototube pulse picks up transducers Geiger counters Scintillation counters

Transducer Selection Factor : 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5

8.

Piezoelectric transducers Photoelectric transducers - photo tubes Photo multiplier tubes Photo voltaic cell Thermocouple Magneto electric transducers

Frequency Generating and Digital Transducers : 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

7.

Variable plate area Variable distance between plates Variable dielectric

Voltage and Current Generating Transducers : 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6

6.

Variable reluctance Linear variable Differential transformer Synchro transmitter and receiver

Variable Capacitance Transducers : 4.1 4.2 4.3

5.

Potentiometers Strain gauges Resistance thermometers Thermistors Hot wire anemometers Photo conductive cell

Variable Reluctance Transducers : 3.1 3.2 3.3

4.

Definition Classification of transducers

Loading effects Environmental conditions Transducer measuring range System compatibility Cost and availability

Telemetry System : 8.1

Land line telemetry 8.1.1 Pneumatic system 8.1.1.1 Flapper nozzle 8.1.1.2 Pilot relay

16

Instrumentation Engineering 8.1.1.3 Non bleed type 8.1.1.4 Bleed types feed back 8.1.1.5 Limitations 8.1.2

Electric system 8.1.2.1 8.1.2.2 8.1.2.3 8.1.2.4 8.1.2.5

8.2

Radio frequency telemetering 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.2.6

9.

Pneumatic transmitter 9.1.1 9.1.2

9.2

9.3 9.4

PDPT bellow type PDPT diaphragm type

Electric transmitters 9.2.1 9.2.2 9.2.3 9.2.4 9.2.5

Wheatstone bridge Inductance bridge Impedance bridge Differential transformer Synchro

Electronic force balance DPT Hydraulic transmitter

Transmission Channels and Media : 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5

Wire line channels Radio channels Microwave channels Power line carrier channels Multiplexing channels 10.5.1 10.5.2

11.

Amplitude modulation Frequency modulation Phase modulation Pulse modulation Pulse amplitude modulation Pulse code modulation

Transmitters : 9.1

10.

Current system Voltage system Impulse system Position system or ratio system Frequency system

Frequency division Time division

Process Lags : 11.1

Measurement lags 11.1.1 11.1.2 11.1.3 11.1.4

Capacity lag Transfer lag Distance velocity lags Effects of measurement lags

17

Instrumentation Engineering 11.2 11.3 11.4

Single capacity process Multi capacity process Examples PRACTICALS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

To draw input output characteristics of linear variable differential To draw the resistance temperature characteristics of RTD To draw the resistance temperature characteristics of thermistor To draw the temperature characteristics of thermocouple Measurement of thickness of a object using capacitive transducer. Measurement of stress / pressure / weight by strain gauge. To study the synchro transmitter and receiver Torque transmission by synchro transmitter - receiver Realization of various process lags Measurement of pressure using pneumatic transmitter Measurement of differential pressure using PDPT Realization of electric transmitter Realization of electronic force balance DPT Study of hydraulic transmitter Study of different types of pilot relays

REFERECE BOOKS : 1. Mechanical & Industrial Measurements 2. Modern Control Engineering 3. Fundamentals of Instrumentation 4. Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation 5. Industrial Instrumentation and Control 6. vfxzr ;aa=hdj.k ,oa fu;a=.k 7. ;a=hdj.k ,oa fu;a=.k

transformer.

R.K. Jain Ogata A.E. Fribance A.K. Sawhney S.K. Singh

,e- ,Q- dqjs'kh MkW- ,p-,e- jk; *****

COTROL SYSTEM COMPOETS CODE IE 208

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RATIOALE Measurement of voltage, angular displacement, angular velocity and speed control of motors are a few requirements of the present day industry this subject gives a detailed study of the instruments sued for these measurements. The knowledge about this subject as the function of final control elements is to carryout faithfully the commands given to it by the controller. Sluggish response by the elements to the system can be harmful. The final control elements are major link in the control loop. COTETS 1.

Error Sensing Devices : 1.1 1.2

2.

Potentiometer as an error detector Synchro as an error detector

Servo Amplifiers : 2.1

Rotating amplifier 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3

Principle of operation Construction and load characteristics of amplidyne Transfer function of an amplidyne

Instrumentation Engineering 2.1.4

Applications of amplidyne 2.1.4.1 Paper mill control using amplidyne and others

2.2

Magnetic amplifier

2.3

2.2.1 Basic principle of operation 2.2.2 Series and parallel connection 2.2.3 Load line analysis 2.2.4 Amplifier with feed back Electronic Amplifiers 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3

3.

Servo Motors : 3.1

D.C. Servomotor 3.1.1 3.1.2 3.1.3 3.1.4 3.1.5

3.2

4.

A.C. Servomotor 3.2.1 Schematic diagram and working of two-phase servo motor 3.2.2 Types of rotor 3.2.3 Torque speed characteristics of A.C. servo motor 3.2.4 Applications of A.C. servo motor

Construction Working principle Speed and static torque angle characteristics of stepper motor Application of stepper motor

Techogenerators : 5.1 5.2

6.

Construction and working of D.C. servomotor Circuit diagram and working of field controlled D.C. servomotor Circuit diagram and transfer function of armature controlled D.C. motor Torque speed characteristics of D.C. servomotor Applications of D.C. servo motors

3.3 Construction and working of shaded pole induction motor Stepper Motor : 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4

5.

Introduction D.C. Amplifier A.C. Amplifier

Principle and working of A.C. and D.C. techogenerators Position and speed control with feed back through techogenerator

Final Control Elements : 6.1

Air operated valve 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5

6.2 6.3 6.4

Construction Characteristics Sizing and selection Materials and services Different types of plugs and their applications

Actuators Valve positioners Power cylinders

18

19


Special control valves 6.5.1 6.5.2 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 6.5.6

6.6 7.

Installation of above valve

Contactor Control Elements and Circuits : 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7

8.

Small flow valves Saunders patent valve Butterfly valves Solenoid valve Motorized valve Dampers

Basic construction of contactor Push buttons Thermal protection relay Time delay relay Inter locking and sequencing circuits Applications Introduction to ladder diagram

Switches : 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Pressure switches Temperature switches Flow switches Level switches Limit switches PRACTICALS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17.

Realization of potentiometer as an error detector Realization of a synchro pair as an error detector To draw the torque speed characterization of a D.C. servo motor Measurement of speed with techogenerator Study of amplidyne Realization of magnetic amplifier Speed control of stepper motor. Study of butterfly valves Control of flow by pneumatic control valve Control of level by solenoid valve To draw the characteristic of pneumatic control valve To calibrate a control valve To draw the characteristic of pneumatic valve positioner To make automatic Y-∆ starter circuit for induction motor To realize interlocking connection for motor To make sequencing connection for motor To make a control circuit using various switches

REFERECE BOOKS : 1. 2.

Control System Component Control Engineering

3. 4. 5. 6.

Control Component Handbook of Instrumentation and control Process Instruments and controls Handbook Electrical Design Estimating and Costing

Gibson & Teuter TMH Dr. A.K. Tandan, Dr. A. Subha Rao Dr. S.K. Kulkarni, Dr. Parag S. Desai B. Chatterjee H. P. Kallen D.M. Considine Raina & Bhattacharya *****

20


AALYTICAL & EVIROMETAL ISTRUMETATIO CODE IE 209

L 2

T --

P 2/2

RATIOALE Today the whole world is facing the problem of pollution. The pollution may be of air, water etc. Whenever installation of a new industry takes place problem of waste and gasses come in picture. Our government is also sincere towards the problem of pollution. It therefore becomes essential to study different methods of analysing the gas and water. Students will measure and check the different harmful gasses in air and water. After study of this subject a student will be in a position to analysis and control the harmful elements. To impart latest development in opto devices in the field of instrumentation technology this subject is included in the syllabus. COTETS 1.

Spectroscopic Analysis : 1.1 1.2 1.3

2.

3.

Gas Analysis : 2.1 2.2

Infrared gas analyser Paramagnetic oxygen analysers

2.3

2.2.1 Magnetic force type 2.2.2 Magnetic wind type Thermal conductivity analysers

Chromatography : 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

4.

6.

Introduction Analysis section Control section On line liquid chromatography

Liquid Analysis : 4.1 4.2 4.3

5.

Absorption spectroscopy Emission spectroscopy Mass spectroscopy

Electrical conductivity Ph electrode potentials Electrochemical analyser

Environmental Pollution Instruments : 5.1 5.2

Types and concentration of various gas pollutant in atmosphere Lionization smoke detectors 5.2.1 Principle 5.2.2 Application 5.2.3 Special features

5.3 5.4 5.5

Smoke meters Dust measurement Visible emission monitoring systems

Optical Analysis Instruments : 6.1 6.2

Optical Pyrometer Infra-red thermometer

21

Instrumentation Engineering 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 7. 8.

Polarimeter Light Intensity meter Spectrophotometer Spectrum Analyser X-Ray Fluoroscopic Instruments Periscope Optical Filters Beam splitters

Water Pollution and Its Monitoring. oise Pollution and Its Monitoring. PRACTICALS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Measurement of pH for given liquid To analyse gas sample by thermal conductivity method. To measure Co2 in a given sample by Co2 analyser To measure conductivity of a given solution by conductivity meter. To measure total dissolved O2 in water To study spectra photometer Analysis of gas-by-gas chromatograph Demonstration of infrared Analyser Demonstration of Mass spectrograph Measurement of light intensity by lux meter. Measurement of radiation by infrared meter. Study of optical filter.

REFERECE BOOKS : 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Mechanical & Industrial Measurements Principles of Industrial Instrumentation Handbook of Analytical Instrument Optical Production Theory Opto Electronics an Introduction

R.K. Jain D. Patranabis R.S. Khandpur Horn J. Wilson – J.F.B. Hawkes *****

‘C’ PROGRAMMIG CODE IE 210

L 2

same in all branches except AR/CC/CE/CS/ EE /IT

T --

P 2

RATIOALE 'C' is computer programming language and also structured programming language. In 'C' programming language we consider various syntax used in programming. By having good knowledge of 'C', students can write modular application and system programs. 'C' can be used in the engineering applications. By acquiring a sound knowledge of 'C' students will be able to understand the concept of all the application areas. This course is specially designed for engineering students of all diploma streams. COTETS 1. Introduction : 1.1 1.2 1.3 2.

Scope of ‘C’ Language Distinction and similarities with other HLLs Special features and Application areas

Elements of ‘C’ : 2.1 2.2

Character set Key words

Instrumentation Engineering 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.

Console Input-Output : 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4

4.

Basic concepts Declaration and prototypes Calling Arguments Scope rules Recursion Storage classes types Library of functions: math, string, system

Pointers : 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5

8.

Basic concepts Memory representation One dimensional array Two Dimensional array

Functions: 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8

7.

Statements and blocks if switch Loops: for, while, do-while goto and labels break, continue, exit Nesting control statements

Arrays : 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4

6.

Types of I-O Console I-O Unformatted console I-O: getchar(),putchar(), gets(), puts(), getch(),getche() Formatted I-O: scanf(), printf()

Control Flow : 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7

5.

Data types Constants and Variables Operators: unary, binary, ternary Operator precedence

Basic concepts &, * operator Pointer expression: assignment, arithmetic, comparison Dynamic memory allocation Pointer v/s Arrays

Structure and Enumerated Data Types : 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5

Basic concepts Declaration and memory map Elements of structures Enumerated data types: typedef, enum Union

22

23

Instrumentation Engineering PRACTICALS 1. 2. 3. 4.

Problems based on arithmetic expression, fixed mode arithmetic. Problems based on conditional statements and control structures. Problems based on arrays (1-D, 2-D), functions and pointers. Problems based on engineering applications.

REFERECE BOOKS: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

'C' Programming Programming with 'C' 'C' Programming 'C' Programming Let us 'C'

Stephen Kochan Schaum's Series V.Balguru Swami Kernighan & Ritchie Yashwant Kanetkar *****