and practices in all essential recovery dimensions, according to what is appropriate ... The IR therapist functions liNe the conductor of an orchestra, Neeping a meta- ..... tion, arousal, or fantasy experiences that can be achieved through them.
,17(*5$7('5(&29(5WKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIGLYHUVLW\LQWRDQLQWHJUDWHG ZKROH@E\SURYLGLQJDQH[TXLVLWHO\VHOIUHÀH[LYHDQGSDUVLPRQLRXVO\HOHJDQWFRQFHSWXDOVFDIIROGLQJZLWKLQ ZKLFKWRRUGHUDQGRUJDQL]HWKHP\ULDGDSSURDFKHVWRFRXQVHOLQJ´S ,QWHJUDO7KHRU\LVRIWHQUHIHUUHGWRDVWKH$4$/PRGHOZLWK$4$/UHSUHVHQWLQJDOOTXDGUDQWVDOO OHYHOVDOOOLQHVDOOVWDWHVDQGDOOW\SHVWKHVH¿YHHOHPHQWVVLJQLI\VRPHRIWKHPRVWEDVLFUHSHDWLQJSDWWHUQV RIUHDOLW\7KHUHIRUHLQFOXGLQJDOORIWKHVHHOHPHQWVLQFUHDVHVRQH¶VFDSDFLW\WRHQVXUHWKDWQRPDMRUSDUWRI DQ\VROXWLRQLVOHIWRXWRUQHJOHFWHG(VEM|UQ+DUJHQV:LOEHUDE ,57LVLQIRUPHGE\DOO ¿YHHOHPHQWVRIWKH$4$/PRGHODQGJXLGHVWKHWKHUDSHXWLFRULHQWDWLRQRIWKH,5WKHUDSLVW
,QWHJUDO7KHRU\VWDWHVWKDWUHDOLW\KDVDWOHDVWIRXULQWHUUHODWHGDQGLUUHGXFLEOHSHUVSHFWLYHVʊWKHVXEMHFWLYH LQWHUVXEMHFWLYHREMHFWLYHDQGLQWHUREMHFWLYHʊWKDWVKRXOGEHFRQVXOWHGZKHQDWWHPSWLQJWRIXOO\XQGHUVWDQG DQ\DVSHFWRILW(VEM|UQ+DUJHQV 7KHVHIRXUXQLYHUVDOSHUVSHFWLYHVDUHNQRZQDVWKHTXDGUDQWV7KLV VHFWLRQRIWKHDUWLFOHEULHÀ\LQGLFDWHVKRZLQDLPLQJWREHDVFRPSUHKHQVLYHDVSRVVLEOHWKHVL[UHFRYHU\ GLPHQVLRQVRI,57FRYHUWKHVDPHJURXQGDVWKHTXDGUDQWV
¡
¢
£
¤
¥
¦
¥
§
¢
2EVHUYLQJWKHUHFRYHU\SURFHVVIURPDQ8SSHU5LJKW85 TXDGUDQWSHUVSHFWLYHZHQRWLFHDOOWKHSRVLWLY LVWLFDQGREMHFWLYHSHUVSHFWLYHVRILQGLYLGXDOVWUXFWXUHVHYHQWVEHKDYLRUVDQGSURFHVVHVRIWKHLQGLYLGXDO 0DUTXLV 7KLVDUHDLQFOXGHVQHXURWUDQVPLVVLRQOHYHOVGLHWPHGLFDWLRQSK\VLFDOKHDOWKEUDLQZDYH RI,57UHIHUVWRDVSHFWV SDWWHUQVDQGREVHUYDEOHEHKDYLRURIWKHLQGLYLGXDO7KH RIDFOLHQW¶VUHFRYHU\SURFHVVWKDWUHVLGHSULPDULO\LQWKH85TXDGUDQW 7KHSK\VLFDOUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQ LQFOXGHVWKHUDSLHVDQGSUDFWLFHVWKDWDGGUHVVSK\VLRORJLFDODQGQHXURORJLFDOZHOOEHLQJ ^
®
¯
¢
£
¤
¥
¦
¥
§
¨
©
g
b
f
_
ª
`
h
f
«
¬
h
`
©
a
b
d
h
g
b
«
¢
9LHZLQJ WKH UHFRYHU\ SURFHVV IURP WKH 8SSHU/HIW 8/ TXDGUDQW SHUVSHFWLYH ZH VHH WKH VXEMHFWLYH DQG SKHQRPHQDOGLPHQVLRQVRILQGLYLGXDOFRQVFLRXVQHVV(VEM|UQ+DUJHQV ,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\7KHRU\ j
k
l
m
n
o
p
k
q
r
n
s
t
u
m
o
p
v
w
t
k
m
x
o
n
y
z
m
o
{
s
|
{
t
}
~
±
²
³
²
´
µ
³
¶
·
¸
¸
¹
¸
JURXSVWKHYDULRXVHOHPHQWVRIWKLVTXDGUDQWLQWRWKUHHUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQVQDPHO\WKHHPRWLRQDOPHQWDO UHIHUVWRSUDFWLFHVDQGSV\FKRWKHUDSLHVWKDWFUHDWHHPRWLRQDO DQGVSLULWXDO7KH UHIHUVWRSUDFWLFHVWKDWVWLPXODWHFRJ OLWHUDF\DQGSV\FKRORJLFDOZHOOEHLQJ7KH UHIHUVWRWKHVSLUL QLWLYHLQVLJKWVXFKDVUHDGLQJDQG6WHSZULWWHQZRUN7KH WXDOO\RULHQWHGDVSHFWVDQGSUDFWLFHRIUHFRYHU\VXFKDVPHGLWDWLRQDVZHOODVH[LVWHQWLDOSXUVXLWV h
d
«
e
b
«
_
ª
`
h
f
«
¬
h
`
©
a
b
d
h
g
b
«
d
h
e
_
ª
`
h
f
«
¬
h
`
©
a
b
g
®
»
¼
®
¯
¢
£
¤
¥
¦
¥
§
d
h
^
b
`
g
b
e
b
«
º
_
ª
`
h
f
«
¬
h
`
©
a
b
d
h
g
b
«
¢
/RRNLQJDWWKHUHFRYHU\SURFHVVIURPWKH/RZHU/HIW// TXDGUDQWZHVHHWKHLQWHUVXEMHFWLYHGLPHQVLRQRI UHIHUVWRDOOWKHWKHUDSLHVDQGUHFRYHU\ WKHFROOHFWLYH(VEM|UQ+DUJHQV 7KH SUDFWLFHVUHODWLQJWRWKH//TXDGUDQW7KLVGLPHQVLRQUHIHUVWRDOOWKHUHODWLRQDOVRFLDODQGFXOWXUDODVSHFWVRI UHFRYHU\DQGLQFOXGHVHOHPHQWVVXFKDV6WHSIHOORZVKLSPHHWLQJVDQGWKHTXDOLW\RIUHODWLRQVKLSV g
®
»
¼
¡
¢
£
¤
¥
¦
¥
§
«
f
b
_
ª
`
h
f
«
¬
h
`
©
a
b
d
h
g
b
«
¢
7KH/RZHU5LJKW/5 TXDGUDQWLQFOXGHVDVSHFWVRIWKHFROOHFWLYHYLHZHGIURPWKHH[WHULRUDGGUHVVLQJRE VHUYDEOHDVSHFWVRIFOLHQWV¶UHFRYHU\LQIUDVWUXFWXUH0DUTXLV 7KH UHIHUVWRDOOWKHVRFLRHFRQRPLFDQGHQYLURQPHQWDODVSHFWVVXFKDVWKHPRQHWDU\UHVLGHQWLDODQGDGPLQLVWUD WLYHIHDWXUHVRIDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VOLIHZKLFKXVXDOO\UHODWHWRWKH/5TXDGUDQW h
½
¾
¬
b
`
«
d
h
e
_
ª
`
h
f
«
¬
h
`
©
a
b
d
h
g
b
«
$FFRUGLQJWR,QWHJUDO7KHRU\HDFKDVSHFWRIWKHTXDGUDQWVKDVGLVWLQFWFDSDFLWLHVWKDWSURJUHVVGHYHORSPHQ WDOO\WKHVHDUHNQRZQDVOLQHVRIGHYHORSPHQW(VEM|UQ+DUJHQV :LOEHU KDVWKHRUL]HGWKDW HDFKSHUVRQKDVPXOWLSOHOLQHVRIGHYHORSPHQWVLPLODUWR+RZDUG*DUGQHU¶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¶V,53FDQEHLPSURYHG:KHQHDFKRIWKHVL[UHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQVLV SORWWHGRQDQ,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\*UDSK,5* DQDORJRXVWRWKHSV\FKRJUDSKZHJHWDVLPSOHJUDSKLF LO OXVWUDWLRQRIDVSHFWVRIDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VUHFRYHU\SURFHVV7KH,5*LVWREHXQGHUVWRRGDVDPHWDSKRUDQGXVHG DVDFOLQLFDOWRROUDWKHUWKDQDQHPSLULFDOO\YDOLGGHYHORSPHQWDOPHDVXUHPHQWLQVWUXPHQW ½
¿
À
:KHQYLHZHGDVOLQHVRIGHYHORSPHQWHDFKRIWKHVHVL[UHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQVSURJUHVVDQGÀXFWXDWHWKURXJK DVHTXHQFHRIGHYHORSPHQWDODOWLWXGHVNQRZQLQ,QWHJUDO7KHRU\DVVWDJHVRUOHYHOVRIGHYHORSPHQW:LOEHU $QLQVLJKWLQWRDGGLFWLRQDQGUHFRYHU\IURPDVWDJHSHUVSHFWLYHLVLPSHUDWLYHIRUWUXO\DOOLQFOXVLYH XQGHUVWDQGLQJDQGWUHDWPHQW'X3OHVVLV'XSX\ *RUPDQ'XSX\ 0RUHOOL 7KH,5WKHUDSLVWFRXOGLQFRUSRUDWHWKUHHW\SHVRIGHYHORSPHQWDOVWDJHPRGHOVLQKLVKHUWKHUDSHXWLF RULHQWDWLRQ7KH¿UVWLVWKHFOLHQW¶VJHQHUDOVWDJHRIGHYHORSPHQW&RRN*UHXWHU3LDJHW:LOEHU $FOLHQW¶VRYHUDOOGHYHORSPHQWRUFHQWHURIJUDYLW\³LVDNH\IDFWRULQWUHDWPHQWSODQQLQJSURIRXQGO\ }
~
°
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
k
q
r
n
s
t
u
m
o
p
v
w
t
k
m
x
o
n
y
z
m
o
{
s
|
{
t
LQÀXHQFLQJZKLFKFDWHJRULHVRILQWHUYHQWLRQDUHOLNHO\WREHRSWLPDOQHXWUDORUFRQWUDLQGLFDWHG´0DUTXLV S 7KHVHFRQGW\SHLVWKHFOLHQW¶VVWDJHRIFKDQJHDVGH¿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¿HOG 'HSHQGLQJRQWKHFOLHQW¶V VWDJHVRIGHYHORSPHQWYDULRXVUHFRYHU\SUDFWLFHVDQGWKHUDSLHVDUHVXJJHVWHG )LJXUHLQGLFDWHVYDULRXVGHYHORSPHQWDOPRGHOVRIWHQXVHGLQ,QWHJUDO7KHRU\GHYHORSPHQWDOPRGHOV RIDGGLFWLRQDQGUHFRYHU\DVZHOODVP\RZQFRPSRVLWHGHYHORSPHQWDOPRGHO$OWKRXJKWKHVWDJHVRIDGGLF WLRQDQGUHFRYHU\PD\EHEHWWHUXQGHUVWRRGDVFKURQRORJLFDOVWDJHVRUSKDVHV,EHOLHYHWKHUHLVDFRUUHODWLRQ EHWZHHQWKHVWDJHPRGHODVDUWLFXODWHGLQ,QWHJUDO7KHRU\DQGWKHYDULRXVVWDJHVRUSKDVHV RIUHFRYHU\PRG HOV6LPSO\SXWHDUOLHUVWDJHVRIUHFRYHU\PD\FRUUHODWHZLWKHDUO\GHYHORSPHQWDOVWDJHVDQGKLJKHUDOWLWXGH VWDJHVRIUHFRYHU\PD\FRUUHODWHZLWKPRUHFRPSOH[GHYHORSPHQWDOVWDJHV7KH¿JXUHLVDVLPSOL¿HGH[DPSOH RIWKHGHYHORSPHQWDOVWDJHVWKDWDFOLHQW¶VFHQWHURIUHFRYHU\JUDYLW\FDQSRVVLEO\UHVWDW,WPXVWEHQRWHG WKDWWKH¿JXUHLVVSHFXODWLYHUHJDUGLQJKRZWKHVWDJHVRIUHFRYHU\DQGDGGLFWLRQUHODWHWRRWKHUGHYHORSPHQWDO PRGHOVDQGLVEHVWXVHGDVDFOLQLFDOPHWDSKRU $GHYHORSPHQWDODSSURDFKWRUHFRYHU\LVDOVRXVHIXOIRUWKHUDS\ZLWKUHFRYHULQJDGGLFWVDWKLJKDOWLWXGH VWDJHVRIUHFRYHU\$QLQGLYLGXDO¶VUHFRYHU\FDQSURJUHVVWKURXJKYDULRXVOHYHOVRIGHYHORSPHQWDORQJGLI IHUHQWOLQHVRIUHFRYHU\&RQVHTXHQWO\DWHDFKQHZGHYHORSPHQWDOVWDJHWKHLQGLYLGXDOUHTXLUHVDQHZVHWRI UHFRYHU\WRROVWRIXQFWLRQVDWLVIDFWRULO\$GYDQFLQJWKURXJKWKHVWDJHVRIUHFRYHU\UHTXLUHVWKDWDFOLHQW¶V,53 EHFRPHLQFUHDVLQJO\PRUHVRSKLVWLFDWHGLQRUGHUWRUHPDLQRSWLPDOO\VXFFHVVIXO7KLVVXJJHVWVWKDWWKHYDJXH QRWLRQRIWKHGHVWLQDWLRQRI³VHUHQLW\´RIWHQXVHGWRUHIHUWRDW\SHRI³UHFRYHU\QLUYDQD´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¶V,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\/LIHVW\OH$SDUWIURP YHUWLFDOJURZWKDOVRFDOOHGWUDQVIRUPDWLRQ WKH,5WKHUDSLVWKHOSVFOLHQWVWRWUDQVODWHDFKLHYHFRPSHWHQFH DWDFHUWDLQVWDJHRIGHYHORSPHQW LQKHDOWK\ZD\VZLWKLQWKHLUFXUUHQWVWDJHRIUHFRYHU\E\SURYLGLQJPRUH HI¿FLHQWUHFRYHU\WRROVWRQDYLJDWHWKHLUFXUUHQWVWDJHV RIGHYHORSPHQW Â
,Q,QWHJUDO7KHRU\ UHIHUWRWKHYDULRXVVWDWHVRIFRQVFLRXVQHVVDYDLODEOHDWDQ\VWDJHRIGHYHORSPHQW :LOEHU $GGLFWVDUHREYLRXVO\H[SHUWVRQVWDWHV8VLQJVXEVWDQFHVRUDQ\PLQGDOWHULQJEHKDYLRULV DQDWWHPSWWRFUHDWHDQDOWHUHGVWDWHRIFRQVFLRXVQHVV$6& DQGWKHVSHFL¿FSV\FKRDFWLYHHIIHFWRIYDULRXV GUXJVDQGPLQGDOWHULQJEHKDYLRUFUHDWHVYDULRXVW\SHVRI$6&V0LONPDQ 6XQGHUZLUWK ,WIROORZV WKDWYLHZLQJDGGLFWLRQLQWHUPVRIDQ$6&SHUVSHFWLYHLVFUXFLDOIRUDFRPSOHWHXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHQDWXUH RI DGGLFWLRQ :LQNHOPDQ 6RPH UHVHDUFKHUV KDYH DUJXHG WKDW WKH PDMRULW\ RI DGGLFWLRQ WUHDWPHQW SURJUDPVIDLOWRLQWHJUDWHDKXJHERG\RIOLWHUDWXUHWKDWKLJKOLJKWVWKHWKHUDSHXWLFEHQH¿WVIRUDGGLFWVLQH[ SHULHQFLQJ$6&V7KH\SURSRVHWKDWDSULQFLSDOUHDVRQIRUWKHKLJKUHODSVHUDWHLQWUHDWPHQWSURJUDPVLVWKH IDLOXUHRIWKRVHSURJUDPVWRDGGUHVVWKHEDVLFQHHGWRDFKLHYH$6&V0F3HDNHHWDO g
e
_
e
h
g
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
k
q
r
n
s
t
u
m
o
p
v
w
t
k
m
x
o
n
y
z
m
o
{
s
|
{
t
}
~
Á
}
Ã
Ä
j
k
l
m
n
o
p
k
q
r
n
s
t
u
m
o
p
v
w
t
k
m
x
o
n
y
z
m
o
{
s
|
{
t
INFRARED
MAGENTA
Piaget/Commons, Richards/Aurobindo
Cognitive
Sensorimotor
(Symbolic)
Preoperational Survival (Beige)
Kin Spirits (Purple)
Survival
Whitf ield (1991)
Bowden/Gravitz (1988)
Nakken (1998)
Stages of Addiction
Life Breakdown Stage
Stage 3
Lifestyle Change Stage
Stage 2
Stage 1
Internal Change Stage
ĞǀĞůŽƉŵĞŶƚĂůƐƚĂŐĞƐŽĨĂĚĚŝĐƟŽŶĂŶĚƌĞĐŽǀĞƌLJ͘
Graves/SD/Wade
Stage 0
Stages of Stages of Recovery & Recovery for Addiction ACoAs
Power Gods (Red)
Values
MagicAnimistic
Egocentric
Stages of ADDICTION Active Addiction
Du Plessis (2010)
Stages of Addiction & Recovery
Late Stage Addiction
Middle Stage Addiction
Early Stage Addiction
¹
(Conceptional)
Early Stage Stages of Recovery RECOVERY
¸
Preoperational
Emergent awareness
¸
RED
Stage 1
·
(Rule/Role Mind)
Middle Stage Recovery
¶
AMBER
Core Issues
1 st TIER
High Altitude Stage Recovery
³
Truth Force (Blue)
Transformation
2 nd TIER
µ
Concrete Operational Absolutistic
Strive Drive (Orange)
Stage 2
Integration
Genesis
Transpersonal Stage Recovery
´
Multiplistic
Human Bond (Green)
Flex Flow (Yellow)
Stage 3
3 rd TIER
²
(Rational Mind)
Relativistic
Systemic
Global View (Turquoise)
Transcendent
Unity
³
Formal Operational
(Meta-systemic)
Pluralistic Mind
(Paradigmatic)
Low Vision-Logic
(Cross-paradigmatic)
Illumined Mind, Para-Mind High Vision-Logic
Intuitive Mind, Meta-Mind
Overmind
Supermind
²
ORANGE
GREEN
TEAL
TURQUOISE
INDIGO
VIOLET
ULTRAVIOLET
CLEAR LIGHT
± ¸
Ë
Ê
É Ì
Æ
Å Ç È
LEVELS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
â
ã
ä
å
æ
ç
è
ä
å
é
ç
å
ê
ë
ì
å
ç
í
ä
î
å
ç
è
ï
í
6RPHVFKRODUVEHOLHYHWKDWKXPDQVKDYHDQLQQDWHGULYHWRVHHN$6&VHJ0F3HDNHWDO:HLO :LQNHOPDQ.:LOEHUSHUVRQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ-DQXDU\ 7KH\EHOLHYHWKDWDGGLFWV HQJDJHLQDQRUPDOKXPDQPRWLYHWRDFKLHYH$6&VEXWLQGHSUDYHGPHWKRGVEHFDXVHWKH\DUHQRWSURYLGHG WKH RSSRUWXQLW\ WR OHDUQ ³FRQVWUXFWLYH DOWHUQDWLYH PHWKRGV IRU H[SHULHQFLQJ QRQRUGLQDU\ FRQVFLRXVQHVV´ 0F3HDNHWDODVFLWHGLQ:LQNHOPDQS )URPWKLVYLHZSRLQWGUXJXVHDQGDGGLFWLRQDUHQRW XQGHUVWRRGDVDQLQWULQVLFDQRPDO\EXWUDWKHUDVD\HDUQLQJIRUDQLQKHUHQWKXPDQQHHG,EHOLHYHWKDWLQVRPH LQVWDQFHVWKHHWLRORJLFDOURRWVIRUFHUWDLQLQGLYLGXDOV¶DGGLFWLRQPD\EHDG\VIXQFWLRQDODWWHPSWERUURZLQJ WHUPVIURP5REHUW$VVDJLORL DW³VHOIUHDOL]DWLRQ´DQGWKHFRQVHTXHQWÀDZHGFKDQQHOLQJRI³VXSHU FRQVFLRXVVSLULWXDOHQHUJLHV´HQHUJLHVWRZKLFKWKHVHLQGLYLGXDOVDUHRIWHQVHQVLWLYHWREXWKDYHQRWIRXQG VXLWDEOHZD\VWRDFWXDOL]H (YHU\KXPDQEHLQJHQJDJHVLQYDULRXVDFWLYLWLHVWRIHHOJRRG)HHOLQJJRRGDQGDYRLGLQJXQQHFHVVDU\ SDLQDUHXQLYHUVDOQHHGV7RIHHOJRRGZHVHHNRXWDFWLYLWLHVWKDWDOWHURXUEUDLQFKHPLVWU\$GGLFWLRQFDQEH XQGHUVWRRGDVWKLVQRUPDOQHHGJRQHDZU\+DUYH\0LONPDQDQG6WDQOH\6XQGHUZLUWK VWDWHWKDW³,Q OLJKWRIWKHVHHPLQJO\XQLYHUVDOQHHGWRVHHNRXWDOWHUHGVWDWHVLWEHKRRYHVUHVHDUFKHUVHGXFDWRUVSDUHQWV SROLWLFLDQVSXEOLFKHDOWKDGPLQLVWUDWRUVDQGWUHDWPHQWSUDFWLWLRQHUVWRSURPRWHKHDOWK\PHDQVWRDOWHUEUDLQ FKHPLVWU\´S $GGLFWVKDYHIRXQGDG\VIXQFWLRQDOZD\WRPHHWWKLVLQQDWHQHHGWKURXJKVXEVWDQFHVRU FHUWDLQEHKDYLRUVWRZKLFKWKH\EHFRPHDGGLFWHG$GGLFWVQRUPDOO\KDYHWKUHHGRPLQDQWZD\VRIVHHNLQJ FRPIRUWDQGDOWHULQJWKHLUFRQVFLRXVQHVV :H UHSHDWHGO\ SXUVXH WKUHH DYHQXHV RI H[SHULHQFH DV DQWLGRWHV IRU SV\FKLF SDLQ DQG ʊPD\KDYHWKHLU 7KHVHSUHIHUUHGVW\OHVRIFRSLQJʊ RULJLQVLQWKH¿UVW\HDUVRIOLIH&KLOGKRRGH[SHULHQFHVFRPELQHGZLWKJHQHWLFSUH GLVSRVLWLRQ DUH WKH IRXQGDWLRQV RI DGXOW FRPSXOVLRQ7KH GUXJ JURXS RI FKRLFHʊ GHSUHVVDQWVVWLPXODQWVRUKDOOXFLQRJHQVʊLVWKHRQHWKDWEHVW¿WVWKHLQGLYLGXDO¶V FKDUDFWHULVWLFZD\RIFRSLQJZLWKVWUHVVRUIHHOLQJVRIXQZRUWKLQHVV3HRSOHGRQRW EHFRPHDGGLFWHGWRGUXJVRUPRRGDOWHULQJDFWLYLWLHVDVVXFKEXWUDWKHUWRWKHVDWLD WLRQDURXVDORUIDQWDV\H[SHULHQFHVWKDWFDQEHDFKLHYHGWKURXJKWKHP0LONPDQ 6XQGHUZLUWKS ð
ñ
ò
ó
ñ
ò
ó
ô
õ
ö
ñ
÷
ô
ø
ð
ñ
ù
ú
ñ
õ
ò
ñ
ð
û
7KHTXRWDWLRQDERYHFOHDUO\LOOXVWUDWHVWKHQHHGIRUDGGLFWVLQUHFRYHU\WR¿QGKHDOWK\EHKDYLRUVDQGDF WLYLWLHVWRPDQLIHVWWKHLUSUHIHUUHGFRSLQJVW\OHVLQFHWKLVSUHIHUUHGFRSLQJVW\OHVDWLDWLRQDURXVDORUIDQWDV\ FRUUHODWHVZLWKWKHLUGUXJRIFKRLFH7KH,5WKHUDSLVWKHOSVFOLHQWVWRDOWHUWKHLUFRQVFLRXVQHVVDQGFKDQQHO WKHLUSUHIHUUHGFRSLQJVW\OHLQZD\VWKDWDUHOLIHJLYLQJDQGQRQGHVWUXFWLYH ü
ý
þ
ÿ
)RUDFRPSUHKHQVLYHXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIDGGLFWLRQDQGUHFRYHU\NQRZOHGJHRIWKHFRQFHSWRI LVHVVHQWLDO 0DUN)RUPDQ VWDWHVWKDW³7KHQRWLRQRIW\SHVLQWKH,QWHJUDOPRGHOGHVFULEHVWKHGLYHUVHVW\OHVWKDWD SHUVRQ8/RU// PD\XVHWRWUDQVODWHRUFRQVWUXFWUHDOLW\ZLWKLQDJLYHQVWDJHRIGHYHORSPHQW´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³$IWHUVWXG\LQJWKH OLIHKLVWRULHVRIGUXJDEXVHUVZHKDYHVHHQWKDWGUXJVRIFKRLFHDUHKDUPRQLRXVZLWKDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VXVXDO PHDQVRIFRSLQJZLWKVWUHVV´S $SSO\LQJWKLVVLPSOHW\SRORJ\WRDFOLHQW¶VGUXJRIFKRLFHHQOLJKWHQV ò
Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Î
Ô
Õ
Ñ
Ö
×
Ø
Ð
Ò
Ó
Ù
Ú
×
Î
Ð
Û
Ò
Ñ
Ü
Ý
û
Ð
Ò
Þ
ð
Ö
ß
Þ
×
à
á
à
WKHWKHUDSLVWDVWRDFRXSOHRILPSRUWDQWIDFWRUV,WHQDEOHVWKHWKHUDSLVWWRLGHQWLI\WKHFOLHQW¶VSULPDU\PRGH RIVWUHVVUHGXFWLRQE\FRUUHODWLQJLWWRWKHLUGUXJRIFKRLFH:KHQLQUHFRYHU\WKHFOLHQWZLOOFRQWLQXHWRXVH DSUHIHUUHGFRSLQJVW\OHDQGZLOOEHDWWUDFWHGWRDFWLYLWLHVWKDWSURGXFHDVLPLODUHIIHFWDVWKHLUGUXJRIFKRLFH )RUH[DPSOHDQDPSKHWDPLQHXVHUZLOOOLNHO\EHDWWUDFWHGWRKLJKULVNSK\VLFDOO\GHPDQGLQJDFWLYLWLHVWKDW DUHVWLPXODWLQJ7KH,5WKHUDSLVWKHOSVWKHFOLHQWWR¿QGKHDOWK\UHFRYHU\EDVHGDFWLYLWLHVWKDWFRUUHODWHZLWK WKHSUHIHUUHGFRSLQJVW\OH,IDFOLHQWLVQRWJXLGHGWRZDUG¿QGLQJDOWHUQDWHKHDOWK\ZD\RIFRSLQJZLWKVWUHVV KHZLOOOLNHO\FURVVDGGLFWWRRWKHUGHVWUXFWLYHEHKDYLRUVDQGDGGLFWLRQVWKDWFRUUHODWHZLWKWKHSUHIHUUHGFRS LQJVW\OH6HFRQGO\DQRWKHUXVHIXOW\SRORJ\LVWKHELRVHOISV\FKRORJLFDOW\SRORJ\RIDGGLFWLRQE\5LFKDUG 8OPDQDQG+DUU\3DXO ZKLFKLVDV\QWKHVLVRIWKHVHOISV\FKRORJLFDODQGELRORJLFDOSV\FKLDWULFYHU VLRQVRIELSRODULW\+HLQ].RKXWZKRVHFRQFHSWRIWKHELSRODUVHOIUHSUHVHQWVWKHIRXQGDWLRQIRUWKHPRGHO E\8OPDQDQG3DXO VWDWHVWKDW 7KHVHOIVKRXOGEHFRQFHSWXDOL]HGDVDOLIHORQJDUFOLQNLQJWZRSRODUVHWVRIH[SHULHQFHV RQRQHVLGHDSROHRIDPELWLRQVUHODWHGWRWKHRULJLQDOJUDQGLRVLW\DVLWZDVDI¿UPHGE\WKH PLUURULQJVHOIREMHFWPRUHRIWHQWKHPRWKHURQWKHRWKHUVLGHDSROHRILGHDOL]DWLRQVWKH SHUVRQ¶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¿QGH[SUHVVLRQLQHLWKHUDQHPSW\ GHSOHWHG GHSUHVVLRQ RU LQ FRQWUDVW LQ RYHUH[SDQVLYH DQG RYHUH[XEHUDQW PDQLD RU K\SR PDQLDZKHUHDVDGLVWXUEDQFHLQWKHSROHRIRPQLSRWHQFHPD\DSSHDULQHLWKHUGHSUHVVLYH GLVLOOXVLRQPHQWDQGGLVDSSRLQWPHQWLQWKHLGHDOL]HGRULQFRQWUDVWLQPDQLFRUK\SRPDQLF GHOXVLRQVRIVXSHUKXPDQSK\VLFDODQGRUPHQWDOSRZHUV:HPDLQWDLQWKDWDQLQGLYLGXDOPD\ EHVXEMHFWWRVSHFL¿FRXWFRPHVUHVXOWLQJIURPDGLVWXUEDQFHLQHLWKHURUERWKRIWKHVHSROHV RIWKHVHOIDVFLWHGLQ8OPDQ 3DXOSS 'XHWRWKHVSHFL¿FDFFRPSDQ\LQJPRRGGLVRUGHURIHDFKRIWKHSRVVLEOHGLVWXUEDQFHVRIWKHSROHVRIWKHVHOI LQGLYLGXDOVZLOOEHDWWUDFWHGWRFHUWDLQSV\FKRDFWLYHVXEVWDQFHVZKLFKFDQEHXQGHUVWRRGDVDQXQFRQVFLRXV DWWHPSWDWUHFWLI\LQJDVSHFL¿FGH¿FLWLQVHOIDQGFRSLQJVW\OH:LHGHU .DSODQ 8VLQJ WKH PDVFXOLQH DQG IHPLQLQH W\SRORJ\ DV DUWLFXODWHG LQ ,QWHJUDO 7KHRU\ ZH FDQ VHH IURP WKH DERYH WZR H[DPSOHV KRZ WKH SV\FKRSKDUPDFRORJLFDO SURSHUWLHV RI FHUWDLQ FODVVHVRI VXEVWDQFHV FRUUHODWH ZLWKPDVFXOLQHDQGIHPLQLQHW\SRORJLHVIRULQVWDQFHGHSUHVVDQWVIHPLQLQHDQGVWLPXODQWVPDVFXOLQH DQG KRZWKHVHSROHVRIWKHVHOIFDQDOVREHFODVVL¿HGZLWKLQDPDVFXOLQHDQGIHPLQLQHW\SRORJ\SROHRIJUDQGLRV LW\IHPLQLQHDQGSROHRILGHDOL]DWLRQVPDVFXOLQH :HFDQWKHUHIRUHVHHKRZFHUWDLQ³PDVFXOLQHRUIHPLQLQH GUXJV´DFWVDV³VWUXFWXUDOSURVWKHVLV´LQDQDWWHPSWRIUHFWLI\LQJG\VIXQFWLRQDOPDVFXOLQHRUIHPLQLQHSROHVRI WKHVHOIDQGFRSLQJVW\OHV'X3OHVVLV
,Q6WHSIHOORZVKLSVPHPEHUVDUHDGYLVHGWROLYH³MXVWIRUWRGD\´7KLVVLPSOH\HWSURIRXQGVORJDQFDQEH VHHQGHFRUDWLQJWKHZDOOVRIWKRXVDQGVRI6WHSPHHWLQJYHQXHVDOORYHUWKHZRUOG,QHVVHQFHWKLVVORJDQ à
á
Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Î
Ô
Õ
Ñ
Ö
×
Ø
Ð
Ò
Ó
Ù
Ú
×
Î
Ð
Û
Ò
Ñ
Ü
Ý
Ð
Ò
Þ
Ö
ß
Þ
×
â
ã
ä
å
æ
ç
è
ä
å
é
ç
å
ê
ë
ì
å
ç
í
ä
î
å
ç
è
ï
í
UHIHUVWRWKHFRQFHSWRIPLQGIXOQHVV0LQGIXOQHVVLVDZD\RIEHLQJWKDWRULJLQDWHGLQ(DVWHUQPHGLWDWLRQ SUDFWLFHV-RQ.DEDW=LQQ GHVFULEHVPLQGIXOQHVVDV³SD\LQJDWWHQWLRQLQDSDUWLFXODUZD\RQSXUSRVH LQWKHSUHVHQWPRPHQWDQGQRQMXGJPHQWDOO\´S 7KHSKLORVRSK\RIPLQGIXOQHVVZLWKLWVPLQGIXOQHVV EDVHGLQWHUYHQWLRQVLVRQHRIWKHFRUHLQÀ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¶VDZDUHQHVV7KLVLQWXUQOHDGVWRDIUDJPHQWHG XQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKHGDPDJHVDQGUHDOLW\RIWKHLUDGGLFWLRQZKLFKSHUSHWXDWHVWKHDGGLFWLYHF\FOH$V)ULW] 3HUOV ZULWHV³:LWKRXWDZDUHQHVVWKHUHLVQRFRJQLWLRQRIFKRLFH´S :LWKLQFUHDVHGDZDUHQHVV WKHUHLVLQFUHDVHGFKRLFHDQGFRQVHTXHQWO\IRUWKHDGGLFWLQFUHDVHGDELOLW\WREUHDNWKHF\FOHRIDGGLFWLRQ 7KHUHDUHPDQ\PLQGIXOQHVVEDVHGPHWKRGVDQGSURJUDPVDYDLODEOHWRWKHUDSLVWV([DPSOHVRIDZDUH QHVVWUDLQLQJSURJUDPVDUHWKHPLQGIXOQHVVEDVHGVWUHVVUHGXFWLRQSURJUDP.DEDW=LQQ PLQGIXOQHVV EDVHGFRJQLWLYHWKHUDS\7HDVGDOHHWDO GLDOHFWLFEHKDYLRUWKHUDS\/LQHKDQ DQGPLQGERG\ EULGJLQJ%ORFN %ORFN
3RVLWLYH3V\FKRORJ\ :KDWLVDJRRGOLIHDQGKRZGRZHDFKLHYHLW"7KHVHTXHVWLRQVDUHRIIXQGDPHQWDOLPSRUWDQFHLQ,573RVLWLYH SV\FKRORJ\DWWHPSWVWRDQVZHUWKLVHQLJPDWLFTXHVWLRQ,57LVLQIRUPHGE\WKHSKLORVRSK\DQGPHWKRGRO RJ\RISRVLWLYHSV\FKRORJ\6HOLJPDQDQGFROOHDJXHV VWDWHWKDW³ LVDQXPEUHOOD WHUPIRUWKHVWXG\RISRVLWLYHHPRWLRQVSRVLWLYHFKDUDFWHUWUDLWVDQGHQDEOLQJLQVWLWXWLRQV´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¿UVWURXWHLVFDOOHG HQWRUIXWXUHDFWLYLW\WKDWFUHDWHVSRVLWLYHHPRWLRQVDQGSOHDVXUH6XFKDFWLYLWLHVFUHDWHLPPHGLDWHSOHDVXUH RUSRVLWLYHDIIHFWLQDQ\QXPEHURIZD\VEXWWKLVSOHDVXUDEOHH[SHULHQFHQRUPDOO\IDGHVLQDVKRUWSHULRG RIWLPH7KHVHFRQGʊDQGFRQVLGHUHGWKHPRUHHQGXULQJʊURXWHWRKDSSLQHVVLVFDOOHG 7KLVLQFOXGHVDFWLYLWLHVWKDWDUHFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\DEVRUSWLRQHQJDJHPHQWDQGÀRZ7KHVHJUDWL¿FDWLRQVFRPH DERXWWKURXJKH[HUFLVLQJRQH¶VVWUHQJWKVDQGYLUWXHV7KHWKHUDSHXWLFDSSOLFDWLRQRIÀRZWKHRU\LVSDUWLFXODUO\ XVHIXOZLWKDGGLFWVDVWKHXVHRIÀRZSULQFLSOHVDOORZVWKHUDS\WREHUHRULHQWHGWRZDUGVEXLOGLQJRQLQWHUHVWV DQGVWUHQJWKV1DNDPXUD &VLNV]HQWPLKDO\L )LQDOO\WKHUHLV ZKLFKLVFKDUDFWHU L]HGE\XVLQJRQH¶VVLJQDWXUHVWUHQJWKVLQWKHVHUYLFHRIVRPHWKLQJODUJHUWKDQRQHVHOI6LJQDWXUHVWUHQJWKV UHIHUWRWKHFKDUDFWHUVWUHQJWKVWKDWDSHUVRQGLVSOD\VPRVWIUHTXHQWO\:KHQVLJQDWXUHVWUHQJWKVDUHDSSOLHG GDLO\WKH\OHDGWRDJRRGRUHQJDJHGOLIHZKHQDSSOLHGWRVRPHWKLQJWUXO\PHDQLQJIXOWKH\FRQWULEXWHWRD PHDQLQJIXOOLIH,EHOLHYHWKHVHFRQFHSWVDUHFOLQLFDOO\XVHIXOLQJXLGLQJFOLHQWVWR¿QGDQLQWHJUDWHGUHFRYHU\ OLIHVW\OHWKDWLVWUXO\IXO¿OOLQJE\LQFRUSRUDWLQJDOOWKUHHURXWHVWRKDSSLQHVV ô
ù
ñ
ð
ð
ø
ó
÷
ò
ó
ñ
ù
ð
ù
û
ó ú
ô
Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
ñ
Î
Ô
Õ
Ñ
õ
Ö
ó
×
Ø
õ
Ð
Ò
ú
ø
Ó
Ù
ù
Ú
ô
û
õ
ù
ù
×
ó ú
Î
Ð
Û
ñ
ô
ô
ù
ó ú
ö
Ò
Ñ
Ü
Ý
Ð
Ò
Þ
Ö
ß
Þ
×
à
á
á
7ZHOYH6WHS3KLORVRSK\ 7KHFHQWUDOFRPSRQHQWRI,57LVWKHSKLORVRSK\DQGPHWKRGRORJLHVRIWKH6WHSSURJUDPDVRULJLQDWHGE\ $OFRKROLFV$QRQ\PRXV$$ 7KHUHLVVXEVWDQWLDOHYLGHQFHWKDWWKH6WHSSURJUDPRI$$LVDQHIIHFWLYH WUHDWPHQWPRGDOLW\%RXUQH )R[/DXGHWHWDO/DIID\HHWDO 0XFKRIWKHZRUNRIWKH ,5WKHUDSLVWLQYROYHVKHOSLQJFOLHQWVLQWHUQDOL]HWKHSULQFLSOHVRIWKH6WHSVDQGDVVLVWLQJWKHPWRLQWHJUDWH LQWR6WHSIHOORZVKLSV ,WLVLPSHUDWLYHWKDWUHFRYHULQJLQGLYLGXDOVUHFRYHUE\³OLYLQJLQFRQVXOWDWLRQ´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¶VHDUO\H[SHULHQFHVRISRVLWLYHVHOIREMHFWUHVSRQ VLYHQHVVDQGWKHLUSURSHQVLW\WRWXUQWRDGGLFWLYHEHKDYLRUDVDVXEVWLWXWHIRUGDPDJHGUHODWLRQVKLSV,IDGGLFWV DUHWRVXFFHVVIXOO\JLYHXSWKHVHPLVJXLGHGDWWHPSWVDWVHOIUHSDLUWKH\PXVWOHDUQKRZWRIRUPQHZKHDOWK\ LQWHUSHUVRQDOUHODWLRQVKLSVLQZKLFKWKHLUQHHGVIRUVHOIREMHFWUHVSRQVLYHQHVVPLUURULQJPHUJHUDQGLGHDO L]DWLRQ DUHIXO¿OOHGLQJUDWLI\LQJZD\V7ZHOYH6WHSSURJUDPVDFFRPSOLVKWKLVLQVHYHUDOZD\V 7ZHOYH6WHSSURJUDPVSURYLGHSUHGLFWDEOHDQGFRQVLVWHQWKROGLQJHQYLURQPHQWVWKDWDOORZDGGLFWVWR KDYHWKHLUVHOIREMHFWQHHGVPHWLQKHDOWK\ZD\V)XUWKHUPRUHD6WHSSURJUDPDVDKROGLQJHQYLURQPHQW DOVREHFRPHVDWUDQVLWLRQDOREMHFW²DKHDOWK\GHSHQGHQF\WKDWSURYLGHVHQRXJKVHSDUDWLRQWRSUHYHQWGHSHQG LQJWRRPXFKRQDQ\VLQJOHSHUVRQXQWLOLQWHUQDOL]DWLRQLVHVWDEOLVKHG*UDGXDOO\³DOFRKROLFVRUDGGLFWVDUH DEOHWRJLYHXSWKHJUDQGLRVHGHIHQVHVQDUFLVVLVP DQGIDOVHVHOISHUVRQDIRUDGLVFRYHU\RIVHOIWUXHVHOI DV WKH\UHDOO\DUH´)ORUHVSS $VDGGLFWVIRUPQHZKHDOWK\UHODWLRQVKLSVDQGDSSO\WKHSULQFL SOHVRI6WHSSURJUDPVWKH\LQWHUQDOL]HPRUHVHOIFDUHDQGDUHDEOHWRPRQLWRUDIIHFWLYHVWDWHVWUDQVPXWLQJ LQWHUQDOL]DWLRQV 7ZHOYH6WHSIHOORZVKLSVZRUNEHFDXVHWKH\QDWXUDOO\VXSSRUWDGGLFWVWRHQJDJHLQFRQWLQXHGLQWHUDF WLRQ ZLWK RWKHU PHPEHUV RI WKH IHOORZVKLS DOORZLQJ LQGLYLGXDOV LQ UHFRYHU\ WR PRGLI\ WKH G\VIXQFWLRQDO LQWHUSHUVRQDOVW\OHREMHFWUHODWLRQV WKDWGRPLQDWHVWKHLUOLYHVZKLFKLVDVLJQL¿FDQWHWLRORJLFDOIDFWRULQWKHLU DGGLFWLRQ)ORUHV (GZDUG.KDQW]LDQ EHOLHYHVWKDWRQO\WKURXJKWKLVPDLQWHQDQFHRIFRQQHFWLRQ ZLWKRWKHUVFDQSHRSOHUHSDLUWKHGLVRUGHUVRIWKHVHOIWKDWOLHDWWKHURRWRIDOODGGLFWLRQV
,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\7KHUDS\3UD[LV ü
ÿ
ÿ
ÿ
ý
ÿ
!
"
"
#
$
"
%
ÿ
&
'
%
ÿ
(
ÿ
ÿ
ý
ü
ÿ
'
þ
ý
,ZLOOQRZH[SORUHLQPRUHGHWDLOKRZDQ,5WKHUDSLVWZRUNVZLWKLQHDFKRIWKHVL[UHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQV DVGH¿QHGE\,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\7KHRU\WRHQVXUHDFRPSUHKHQVLYHDQGEDODQFHGOLIHVW\OHIRUWKHFOLHQW $VQRWHGEHIRUH,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\7KHRU\LGHQWL¿HVVL[LQWHUUHODWHG\HWLUUHGXFLEOHUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQV WKDWSURYLGHDPXOWLSHUVSHFWLYDOFRQFHSWXDOIUDPHZRUNRQDFOLHQW¶VWKHUDSHXWLFSURFHVV)RUDFOLHQW¶V,53 WREHVXVWDLQDEOHDFHUWDLQPHDVXUHRIKHDOWKLVQHHGHGLQHDFKRIWKHLUUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQV:KDWGH¿QHV QHFHVVDU\KHDOWKLQHDFKRIWKHUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQVLVUHODWLYHIRUHDFKFOLHQW$VNLOOHG,5WKHUDSLVWDSSOLHV WKHUDSLHVDQGDVVLVWVFOLHQWVLQ¿QGLQJSUDFWLFHVWKDWDUHUHOHYDQWWRWKHLUVSHFL¿FQHHGVDQGVWDJHVRIUHFRYHU\
à
á
Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Î
Ô
Õ
Ñ
Ö
×
Ø
Ð
Ò
Ó
Ù
Ú
×
Î
Ð
Û
Ò
Ñ
Ü
Ý
Ð
Ò
Þ
Ö
ß
Þ
×
â
*
+
,
-
.
/
0
1
2
3
4
5
1
6
7
5
8
.
9
0
:
5
;
/
0
ã
ä
6
å
æ
ç
è
ä
å
é
ç
å
ê
ë
ì
å
ç
í
ä
î
å
ç
è
ï
í
;
$GGLFWLRQLVRIWHQFODVVL¿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¶VQHXURSK\VLRORJ\ RIWHQSURYHVIUXLWOHVVRULQFRPSOHWH 7KH ,5 WKHUDSLVW DVVHVVHV D FOLHQW¶V SK\VLRORJLFDO FRQGLWLRQ DQG UHFRPPHQGV VXLWDEOH WKHUDSLHV DQG RIDFOLHQW¶V,53PD\LQFOXGHWKHUDSLHVDQGSUDFWLFHVVXFKDVQHX SUDFWLFHV7KH URWKHUDS\QXWULWLRQDOVXSSOHPHQWDWLRQH[HUFLVHWDLFKL\RJDSKDUPDFRWKHUDS\DFXSXQFWXUHDQGQXWULWLRQDO HGXFDWLRQ0RUHRYHUSK\VLFDODFWLYLWLHVHVSHFLDOO\WHDPVSRUWVDOVRVHUYHDVRFLDODQGH[LVWHQWLDOIXQFWLRQ
2
3
4
û
5
1
ð
6
ó
ñ
7
5
8
ù
÷
.
ô
9
0
÷
:
û
5
ó
;
/
0
õ
6
ð
ó
ô
õ
;
$GGLFWLRQLVFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\OLPLWHGFRJQLWLYHLQVLJKWDQGFRJQLWLYHGLVWRUWLRQVIXHOHGE\GHIHQVHPHFKD QLVPVVXFKDVSURMHFWLRQGHQLDODQGUHSUHVVLRQ'L&OHPHQWH)ORUHV 0XFKRIWKHWKHUDSHXWLF SURFHVVRIZRUNLQJZLWKDGGLFWVLVDERXWFRJQLWLYHUHVWUXFWXULQJKHOSLQJWKHPZRUNWKURXJKWKHLUGHIHQVHV WR¿QGDPRUHDFFXUDWHSHUVSHFWLYHRQWKHQDWXUHDQGFRQVHTXHQFHVRIWKHLUDGGLFWLRQ7KHPHQWDOUHFRYHU\ GLPHQVLRQLQFOXGHVWKHUDSLHVDQGSUDFWLFHVWKDWFUHDWHFRJQLWLYHLQVLJKWIRUWKHFOLHQWLQWRERWKWKHQDWXUHRI DGGLFWLRQDQGWKHFOLHQW¶VSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQDQ,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\/LIHVW\OH7KH,5WKHUDSLVWDVVLVWVWKHFOLHQW LQJDLQLQJWKHQHFHVVDU\FRJQLWLYHLQVLJKWLQWRWKHUHFRYHU\SURFHVV)XUWKHUPRUHWKHWKHUDSLVWWHDFKHVWKH FOLHQWWKHEDVLFHOHPHQWVRIWKH,5DSSURDFKDQGWKHZK\DQGKRZRILWVWRROVWKHUHE\SURYLGLQJWKHFOLHQW ZLWKDPHWDUHFRYHU\VWUXFWXUHWKDWLVHDV\WRXQGHUVWDQGDQGXVH RIDFOLHQW¶V,53PD\LQFOXGHWKHUDSLHVDQGSUDFWLFHVVXFKDVSV\FKR HGXFDWLRQDQGFRDFKLQJE\DWKHUDSLVW6WHS³ZULWWHQZRUN´ZRUNVKRSVOHFWXUHVDQGUHDGLQJUHFRYHU\ EDVHGOLWHUDWXUH ?
@
A
B
+
C
:
6
>
0
õ
6
;
2
ò
3
ñ
ù
4
÷
5
ô
1
6
7
÷
5
8
û
.
ó
9
0
:
õ
ð
5
ó
;
ô
õ
/
0
6
;
$OOSV\FKRWKHUDSHXWLFDQGSV\FKRORJLFDOIDFWRUVUHODWLQJWRDQLQGLYLGXDODUHFRYHUHGE\WKH 2EYLRXVO\WKHPHQWDODQGVSLULWXDOUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQVDUHUHODWHGWRWKHHPRWLRQDOGLPHQ VLRQEXWDVPHQWLRQHGEHIRUHWKLVGLYLVLRQLVDSUDJPDWLFDQGDEVWUDFWRQH $GGLFWVDUHNQRZQWRKDYHWXUEXOHQWDQGRYHUZKHOPLQJLQQHUZRUOGV)URPDSV\FKRG\QDPLFSHUVSHF WLYHDGGLFWLRQLVRIWHQUHIHUUHGWRDVDQDWWHPSWDWVHOIPHGLFDWLQJWKHDGGLFW¶VSDLQIXODQGFRQIXVHGLQQHU ZRUOG.KDQW]LDQ 2ZLQJWRGHIHFWVLQHJRDQGVHOIFDSDFLWLHVWKHVXEVWDQFHRIFKRLFHEHFRPHV WKHDGGLFW¶VPDLQPHWKRGRIPRRGPDQDJHPHQWZKLFKWHPSRUDULO\UHVWRUHVLQQHUHTXLOLEULXP
÷
û
ó
õ
ð
ó
ô
ô
ò
ó
ô
õ
ñ
ù
÷
ô
D
õ
$GGLFWLRQ LV YLHZHG DV D PLVJXLGHG DWWHPSW DW VHOIUHSDLU %HFDXVH RI XQPHW GHYHORSPHQWDOQHHGVFHUWDLQLQGLYLGXDOVZLOOEHOHIWZLWKDQLQMXUHGHQIHHEOHGXQ FRKHVLYHRUIUDJPHQWHGVHOI6XFKLQGLYLGXDOVRIWHQORRNJRRGRQWKHRXWVLGHEXW DUHHPSW\DQGIHHOLQFRPSOHWHRQWKHLQVLGH7KH\DUHXQDEOHWRUHJXODWHDIIHFWDQG Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Î
Ô
Õ
Ñ
Ö
×
Ø
Ð
Ò
Ó
Ù
Ú
×
Î
Ð
Û
Ò
Ñ
Ü
Ý
Ð
Ò
Þ
Ö
ß
Þ
×
à
á
)
LQPDQ\FDVHVDUHHYHQXQDEOHWRLGHQWLI\ZKDWLWLVWKDWWKH\IHHO8QDEOHWRGUDZ RQWKHLURZQLQWHUQDOUHVRXUFHVEHFDXVHWKHUHDUHQRWDQ\WKH\UHPDLQLQFRQVWDQW QHHGREMHFWKXQJHU RIKDYLQJWKRVHVHOIUHJXODWLQJUHVRXUFHVPHWH[WHUQDOO\²RXW WKHUH6LQFHSDLQIXOUHMHFWLQJDQGVKDPLQJUHODWLRQVKLSVDUHWKHFDXVHRIWKHLUGH¿ FLWVLQVHOIWKH\FDQQRWWXUQWRRWKHUVWRJHWZKDWWKH\QHHGRUKDYHQHYHUUHFHLYHG 'HSULYDWLRQRIQHHGVDQGREMHFWKXQJHUOHDYHVWKHPZLWKXQUHDOLVWLFDQGLQWROHUDEOH DIIHFWV WKDW DUH QRW RQO\ GLVWXUELQJ WR RWKHUV EXW VKDPHIXO WR WKHPVHOYHV &RQVH TXHQWO\DOFRKROGUXJVDQGRWKHUH[WHUQDOVRXUFHVRIJUDWL¿FDWLRQLHIRRGVH[ ZRUNHWF WDNHRQDUHJXODWLQJIXQFWLRQZKLOHFUHDWLQJDIDOVHVHQVHRIDXWRQRP\ LQGHSHQGHQFHDQGGHQLDORIQHHGIRURWKHUVDGGLFWLRQLVDQDWWHPSWDWVHOIKHOS WKDWIDLOV)ORUHVSS 7KHUHIRUHDQHVVHQWLDOFRPSRQHQWRIUHFRYHU\LVOHDUQLQJKHDOWK\ZD\VWRVHOIVRRWKHDQGFRSHZLWKVWUHVV .KDQW]LDQ/HYLQ )XUWKHUPRUHLIWKH\GRQRWGHDOZLWKXQUHVROYHGWUDXPDDGGLFWVPD\VWD\ SURQHWRUHODSVHRUFURVVDGGLFWLRQ,IQRWDGGUHVVHGWKHVHLQGLYLGXDOV¶DGGLFWLRQVZLOOFRQWLQXDOO\PLJUDWH VHHNLQJG\VIXQFWLRQDOZD\VWRGHDOZLWKWKHLUWXUEXOHQWLQQHUZRUOGVLQHIIHFWLYHREMHFWUHODWLRQVDQGXQUH VROYHGWUDXPD'D\WRQ)ORUHV $YLWDOFRPSRQHQWRIDFOLHQW¶V,53LVVRPHIRUPRISV\FKRWKHUDSHXWLFSURFHVVWKDWGHDOVZLWKXQUH VROYHGWUDXPDIDPLO\RIRULJLQLVVXHVVKDGRZZRUNDQGWKHEXLOGLQJRIHPRWLRQDOOLWHUDF\7KH,5WKHUDSLVW KHOSVFOLHQWVWR¿QGWKHPRVWDSSURSULDWHIRUPRISV\FKRWKHUDS\DQGSUDFWLFHVUHIHUHQWWRWKHLUUHFRYHU\DOWL WXGHVWDJHRIGHYHORSPHQWDQGVWDJHRIFKDQJH7KH,QWHJUDO7D[RQRP\RI7KHUDSHXWLF,QWHUYHQWLRQV,77, RI0DUTXLV FDQSURYHXVHIXOLQWKLVDUHD'LIIHUHQWWKHUDSLHVKDYHWKHLUYDOXHDWGLIIHUHQWGHYHORS PHQWDOVWDJHV)RUPDQ,QJHUVROO =HLWOHU0DUTXLV:LOEHU $FFRUGLQJWR8OPDQ DQG 3DXO SV\FKRWKHUDS\ FDQ VHUYH DV D WUDQVLWLRQDO VHOIREMHFW GLVSHQVLQJ IXQFWLRQV WKDW VHUYH DV ³SV\FKRSKDUPDFRWKHUDSHXWLF´UHOLHI,QRWKHUZRUGVDSV\FKRWKHUDSLVWFDQUHSODFHWKHIDXOW\VHOIREMHFW±OLNH IXQFWLRQLQJRIDFOLHQW¶VGUXJRIFKRLFHDQGKHOSWKHFOLHQWWRUHH[SHULHQFH³DUFKDLFPRRGVRIQDUFLVVLVWLF EOLVV´LQDWKHUDSHXWLFDVRSSRVHGWRDQDGGLFWLYHIDVKLRQ³6XFKDQDOWHUHGVWDWHRIFRQVFLRXVQHVVPD\HYHQWX DOO\VXSHUVHGHDQGVXSSODQWDQDGGLFWHGSDWLHQW¶VGHSHQGHQFHRQDQDGGLFWLYHVWDWHRIPLQG´8OPDQ 3DXO S &OLHQWVFDQDOVREHUHIHUUHGWRJURXSSV\FKRWKHUDS\ZKLFKKDVEHHQVKRZQWREHSDUWLFXODUO\ HIIHFWLYHZLWKDGGLFWV)ORUHV $VLQGLYLGXDOVSURJUHVVLQUHFRYHU\QHZLVVXHVHPHUJHDQGWKHSV\FKRWKHUDS\WKDWKHOSHGDWDSUHYLRXV UHFRYHU\VWDJHPD\QRORQJHUEHHIIHFWLYH0RUHRYHURQFHDGGLFWVKDYHGHDOWZLWKWKHLUSULPDU\DGGLFWLRQV DQGKDYHEHHQLQUHFRYHU\IRUDZKLOHRWKHUOHVVREYLRXV\HWRIWHQHTXDOO\GHVWUXFWLYHDGGLFWLRQVEHJLQWR VXUIDFH HJ FRGHSHQGHQF\ ORYH DGGLFWLRQ :KLW¿HOG 6FKDHIIHU ,W LV LPSRUWDQW IRU DQ ,5 WKHUDSLVWWRKDYHLQVLJKWLQWRZKLFKSV\FKRWKHUDSLHVDUHDSSURSULDWHIRUGLIIHUHQWVWDJHVRIUHFRYHU\LQDGGL WLRQWRWKHLUGHYHORSPHQWDODOWLWXGH DVZHOODVDQXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIFRPRUELGLW\DQGGXDODGGLFWLRQV +
F
ð
G
H
0
8
0
>
I
2
3
4
5
1
6
7
5
8
.
9
0
:
5
;
/
0
6
;
,QDOHWWHUDGGUHVVHGWR%LOO:LOVRQWKHFRIRXQGHURI$$&DUO-XQJVWDWHG³
2
3
4
5
1
6
7
5
8
.
9
0
:
5
;
/
0
6
;
$EUDKDP 0DVORZ LQ KLV WKHRU\ RI KXPDQ PRWLYDWLRQ SURSRVHV WKDW PRWLYDWLRQ LV GHWHUPLQHG E\ à
á
Q
Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Î
Ô
Õ
Ñ
Ö
×
Ø
Ð
Ò
Ó
Ù
Ú
×
Î
Ð
Û
Ò
Ñ
Ü
Ý
Ð
Ò
Þ
Ö
ß
Þ
×
â
ã
ä
å
æ
ç
è
ä
å
é
ç
å
ê
ë
ì
å
ç
í
ä
î
å
ç
è
ï
í
DKLHUDUFK\RIQHHGV+HVXJJHVWVWKDWWKHUHDUHDWOHDVW¿YHVHWVRIEDVLFQHHGV7KHVHDUHSK\VLRORJLFDO VDIHW\ORYHEHORQJLQJHVWHHPDQGVHOIDFWXDOL]DWLRQQHHGV6LPSO\SXWWKHVH¿YHQHHGVIRUPDKLHUDUFK\ WKDWRUGHUVRXUXUJHQF\WRVDWLVI\WKHVHQHHGVʊIRUH[DPSOHDKXQJU\SHUVRQZLWKQRKRPHLVXVXDOO\QRWWKDW FRQFHUQHGZLWKDHVWKHWLFRUVSLULWXDOZHOOEHLQJXQWLOKLVKHUKXQJHUDQGVDIHW\QHHGVKDYHEHHQVDWLV¿HG $GGLFWLRQH[HPSOL¿HVWKLVWKHRU\,QPRVWFDVHVDGGLFWV¶DGGLFWLRQQHHGVWDNHSUHFHGHQFHRYHUPRVW RIWKHLURWKHUKLJKHUQHHGV$GGLFWLRQSULPDULO\PDQLIHVWVDVSK\VLRORJLFDOVDIHW\QHHGVZLWKWKHUHVXOWWKDW ZKHQWKHVHDUHQRWVDWLV¿HGDOORWKHUQHHGVEHFRPHPXFKOHVVRIDSULRULW\UHVXOWLQJLQDFRPSXOVLYHGULYHWR PHHWWKHDGGLFWLRQQHHGVDWWKHH[SHQVHRIDOORWKHUDUHDVRIOLIH 0DVORZ¶VWKHRU\RIKXPDQPRWLYDWLRQLVXVHIXOIRUDQDGHTXDWHXQGHUVWDQGLQJRIWKH 7KHHQYLURQPHQWDOUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQFROOHFWLYHO\UHIHUVWRDFOLHQW¶VPRQHWDU\RFFX SDWLRQDODGPLQLVWUDWLYHOHJDODQGUHVLGHQWLDOSUHFLQFWV8VLQJ0DVORZ¶VPRGHOLWLVFOHDUWKDWPRVWRIWKH DIRUHPHQWLRQHGUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQVDUHUHODWHGWRWKHWKUHHKLJKHUQHHGVORYHEHORQJLQJHVWHHPDQGVHOI DFWXDOL]DWLRQ ZKHUHDVWKHHQYLURQPHQWDODQGSK\VLFDOUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQVUHODWHWRWKHWZRORZHUQHHGV SK\VLRORJ\DQGVDIHW\ 7KHUHIRUHZKHQDFOLHQW¶VHQYLURQPHQWDOUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQLVXQPDQDJHDEOHKH ZLOOOLNHO\VWUXJJOHWRDFWXDOL]HLQWKHRWKHUUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQV,IDFOLHQWKDVVHULRXV¿QDQFLDOOHJDODQG RUUHVLGHQWLDOSUREOHPVWKHPRUHORIW\JRDOVRIWKHLU,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\/LIHVW\OHDUHRIWHQFRPSURPLVHG 2IWHQUHFRYHULQJDGGLFWVWHQGWRPDNHDGLVWLQFWLRQEHWZHHQ³ZRUNLQJDUHFRYHU\SURJUDP´DQGWKH UHDOLW\RIWKHLUOLYHV7KH\PD\UDWLRQDOL]HWKDWHYHQWKRXJKWKH\DUHXQDEOHWRPDQDJHLQWKHLU¿QDQFHVRU ZRUNWKH\DUHVWLOO³ZRUNLQJDJRRGSURJUDP´EHFDXVHRIWKHDPRXQWRISV\FKRVSLULWXDOZRUNWKH\DUHGRLQJ 7KH,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\DSSURDFKZDUQVDJDLQVWDQGSUHYHQWVVXFKIDXOW\WKLQNLQJ,IDQDGGLFW¶V¿QDQFLDO DGPLQLVWUDWLYHOHJDODQGUHVLGHQWLDOQHHGVDUHXQPDQDJHDEOHWKHZKROHUHFRYHU\V\VWHPPD\EHFRPSUR PLVHG$OWKRXJKWKH\PD\EHHQJDJHGLQDORWRISV\FKRVSLULWXDOZRUNDQG6WHSSURJUDPSDUWLFLSDWLRQLW LVQRWXQFRPPRQIRUUHFRYHULQJDGGLFWVWRUHODSVHEHFDXVHRIVHYHUHXQPDQDJHDELOLW\LQWKHLUHQYLURQPHQWDO UHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQ,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\7KHRU\VWDWHVWKDWWKHHQYLURQPHQWDOUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQLVLQWHU OLQNHGZLWKDOORWKHUDVSHFWVRIDQ,53DQGLQFOXGHVWKLVGLPHQVLRQZKHQHYDOXDWLQJZKDWFRQVWLWXWHVZRUNLQJ DWDJRRGUHFRYHU\SURJUDP õ
÷
ô
÷
û
ó
õ
ð
ó
ô
õ
ó
÷
ô
õ
õ
ò
ñ
ù
T
3UDFWLFLQJDQ,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\3URJUDP 7KHIRUHPRVWDLPRIDQ,5WKHUDSLVWLVWRDVVLVWFOLHQWVLQFRQVWUXFWLQJDQGSUDFWLFLQJDFRPSUHKHQVLYHDQG VXVWDLQDEOH,53:KHQDFOLHQWKDVLGHQWL¿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À\H[SORUHVRPHRIWKHWRROVXVHGLQ,57WKHWHPSODWHFOLHQWVXVHWRSODQWKHLU,53WKH ,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\:KHHO,5: DQGWKH,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\*UDSK,5* 7KHVHWKUHHWRROVSURYLGHD JUDSKLFYLVXDODQGHDVLO\DVVHVVDEOHVWUXFWXUHIRUWKHUDSLVWDQGFOLHQWWRKHOSSODQDQGQDYLJDWHWKHUHFRYHU\ SURFHVV0\DLPZLWKWKHVHDLGVZDVWRFUHDWHWKHPRVWVLPSOHDQGSUDJPDWLFVWUXFWXUHWKDWZRXOGJUDSKLFDOO\ UHSUHVHQWWKHUHFRYHU\SURFHVV7KHVHDLGVKDYHEHHQXVHGE\PDQ\FRXQVHORUVDQGFOLHQWVLQLQSDWLHQWWUHDW PHQWHQYLURQPHQWVPDQ\RIZKRPKDYHUHSRUWHGWKHPWREHRIJUHDWYDOXH ü
'
"
#
!
'
%
"
'
"
(
ü
'
"
U
'
%
"
"
ÿ
ÿ
ý
$FFRUGLQJWR6XVDQQH&RRN*UHXWHU KXPDQGHYHORSPHQWFDQKDSSHQYHUWLFDOO\WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ DQG KRUL]RQWDOO\WUDQVODWLRQ 7KLVLVDQLPSRUWDQWGLVWLQFWLRQIRUDWKHUDSLVWZKHQZRUNLQJZLWKFOLHQWV Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Î
Ô
Õ
Ñ
Ö
×
Ø
Ð
Ò
Ó
Ù
Ú
×
Î
Ð
Û
Ò
Ñ
Ü
Ý
Ð
Ò
Þ
Ö
ß
Þ
×
à
á
S
:KHQZHWDONDERXWKXPDQGHYHORSPHQWZHGLVWLQJXLVKEHWZHHQODWHUDO>WUDQVOD WLRQ@DQGYHUWLFDO>WUDQVIRUPDWLRQ@GHYHORSPHQW%RWKDUHLPSRUWDQWEXWWKH\RFFXUDW GLIIHUHQWUDWHV/DWHUDOJURZWKDQGH[SDQVLRQKDSSHQVWKURXJKPDQ\FKDQQHOVVXFK DVVFKRROLQJWUDLQLQJVHOIGLUHFWHGDQGOLIHORQJOHDUQLQJDVZHOODVVLPSO\WKURXJK H[SRVXUHWROLIH9HUWLFDOGHYHORSPHQWLQDGXOWVLVPXFKUDUHU,WUHIHUVWRKRZZHOHDUQ WRVHHWKHZRUOGWKURXJKQHZH\HVKRZZHFKDQJHRXULQWHUSUHWDWLRQVRIH[SHULHQFH DQGKRZZHWUDQVIRUPRXUYLHZVRIUHDOLW\SS
Integrated Recovery Program Name: _______________________
Date: ________________________
The Six Recovery Dimensions Physical
Spiritual
Exercise: ______________________
Meditation: ___________________
Diet: _________________________
Prayer: ________________________
Medication: ___________________
Spiritual Literature:______________
Supplements: __________________
Existential: _____________________
Other: ________________________
Other: ________________________
Mental
Social
12 Steps Written Work: __________
12 Step Groups: ________________
Literature: _____________________
Family/Friends: _________________
Other: ________________________
Sponsor: ______________________
_____________________________
Service: _______________________
_____________________________
Other: ________________________
Emotional Individual Therapy: ______________
Environmental Work: _______________________
Group Therapy: _________________
Monetary: _____________________
Step 10 Daily Journal: ____________
Residential: ____________________
Other: _________________________
Legal: _________________________
______________________________
Other: ________________________
W
à
V
Í
Î
Ï
Ð
Ñ
Ò
Ó
Î
Ô
Õ
Ñ
Ö
×
Ø
Ð
Ò
Ó
Ù
Ú
×
Î
Ð
Û
Ò
X
Ñ
Y
Ü
Z
[
Ý
\
Ð
]
Ò
Þ
ß
Þ
×
ENVIRONMENTAL
SOCIAL
SPIRITUAL
/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚZĞĐŽǀĞƌLJWƌŽŐƌĂŵƉůĂŶŶĞƌ͘
^
Ö
EMOTIONAL
MENTAL
PHYSICAL
RECOVERY ALTITUDE
Integrated Recovery Graph
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
v
w
{
y
w
|
}
~
w
y
v
w
y
z
7KH,5WKHUDSLVWYLHZVDQGTXDQWL¿HVWKHFOLHQW¶VUHFRYHU\SURJUHVVRQWZRSODQHVʊWKHKRUL]RQWDODQGYHUWL FDOʊUHIHUUHGWRDVWUDQVODWLRQDQGWUDQVIRUPDWLRQLQ,QWHJUDO3V\FKRORJ\)RUPDQ,QJHUVROO =HLWOHU $FOLHQW¶VYHUWLFDOJURZWKLQUHFRYHU\UHIHUVWRKRZKHJURZVGHYHORSPHQWDOO\+HUHZHFDQXVHYDUL RXVGHYHORSPHQWDOPRGHOV&RRN*UHXWHU:LOEHU $VFOLHQWVVORZO\DQGSDLQVWDNLQJO\JURZ WKURXJKWKHVHYHUWLFDOVWDJHVWKHLUSHUVSHFWLYHRIWKHPVHOYHVDQGWKHZRUOGFKDQJHVʊLWJUDGXDOO\EHFRPHV OHVVVHOIFHQWHUHGPRUHLQFOXVLYHDQGHPEUDFLQJ:LOEHU 2QWKH,53SODQQHUFOLHQWVVSHFLI\WKHLU,53VDQGLQGLFDWHWKHLUYHUWLFDOGHYHORSPHQWLQHDFKRIWKHVL[ UHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQVRQWKH,5*)LJ $VZHKDYHVHHQHDFKRIDFOLHQW¶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¿FPHDVXUHPHQWVEXWLQH[SOLFLWHVWLPDWHV RIWKHGHYHORSPHQWDOOHYHORIHDFKRIWKHUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQV,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRUHPHPEHUWKDWZKDWZRXOG EHFRQVLGHUHGDGHTXDWHKHDOWKLQDFHUWDLQUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQLVUHODWLYHWRWKHFOLHQW¶VUHFRYHU\DOWLWXGH ,XVHDKH[DJRQDOFLUFXODUPRGHOFDOOHGWKH,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\:KHHO,5: WRLOOXVWUDWHÀXLGDV SHFWVRIKRUL]RQWDOWUDQVODWLRQ GHYHORSPHQWRIDFOLHQW¶V,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\/LIHVW\OH)LJ 7KHLQQHU FLUFOHUHSUHVHQWVUHODSVHWKHPLGGOHFLUFOHVLJQDOVGDQJHURXVRUWR[LFEHKDYLRUVDQGWKHRXWHUFLUFOHVLJQL¿HV KHDOWK\SUDFWLFHVLQWKHVL[UHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQV9HUWLFDODVZHOODVKRUL]RQWDOGHYHORSPHQWLQDFOLHQWGRHV QRWÀXFWXDWHRQDGDLO\RUZHHNO\EDVLVDQGWDNHVFRQVLGHUDEOHWLPHWRSURJUHVVRUUHJUHVV2QWKHRWKHUKDQG ZKHQYLHZHGZLWKLQDVKRUWWLPHIUDPHKRUL]RQWDOJURZWKFDQÀXFWXDWHGUDPDWLFDOO\ 7KH ,5: LV DQ DVVHVVPHQW WRRO RI KRZ ZHOO FOLHQWV DUH WUDQVODWLQJ WKHLU ,53V ZLWKLQ D FKRVHQ WLPH IUDPHZKLFKFRXOGEHGDLO\RUZHHNO\)RUHDFKUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQFOLHQWVZULWHGRZQLQWKHRXWVLGHFLUFOH WKHSUDFWLFHVWKDWSURPRWHKHDOWK\JURZWKSURWHFWLYHIDFWRUV DQGLQWKHPLGGOHFLUFOHDFWLYLWLHVWKDWDUHGHW
/ŶƚĞŐƌĂƚĞĚZĞĐŽǀĞƌLJtŚĞĞů͘ _
`
a
b
c
d
e
`
f
g
c
h
i
j
b
d
e
k
l
i
`
b
m
d
c
n
o
b
d
p
h
q
p
i
r
s
r
ULPHQWDOULVNIDFWRUV 7KLVSURYLGHVDYLVXDOVWUXFWXUHIRUREVHUYLQJWKHKHDOWK\DQGXQKHDOWK\SUDFWLFHVLQ DFOLHQW¶V,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\/LIHVW\OHZLWKLQDFHUWDLQWLPHIUDPH&RQVLVWHQWKRUL]RQWDOSUDFWLFHRUWUDQV ODWLRQLQDUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQOHDGVWRYHUWLFDOGHYHORSPHQWRUWUDQVIRUPDWLRQLQWKDWUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQ ZKLFKLQWXUQFRQWULEXWHVWRRYHUDOOYHUWLFDOGHYHORSPHQW,WLVLPSRUWDQWWRQRWHWKDWWKHSULQFLSDODLPRIDQ ,5WKHUDSLVWLVWRKHOSFOLHQWVWUDQVODWHHIIHFWLYHO\DWWKHLUFXUUHQWVWDJHVRIGHYHORSPHQWLQVWHDGRIMXVWDLPLQJ DWYHUWLFDOJURZWK
7KLVDUWLFOHSURYLGHVDFXUVRU\VNHWFKRIWKHWKHRU\DQGSUDFWLFHRIDQLQWHJUDOO\LQIRUPHG6WHS±EDVHG LQGLYLGXDOSV\FKRWKHUDS\IRUWUHDWLQJDGGLFWHGSRSXODWLRQVZLWKWKHSUHPLVHWKDWWKHLQFOXVLRQRIWKHPHWD SDUDGLJPDWLF,QWHJUDOPRGHOPD\UHVXOWLQDPRUHFRPSUHKHQVLYHDQGVXVWDLQDEOHWUHDWPHQWRXWFRPH,DP IXOO\FRQVFLRXVRIWKHGH¿FLHQFLHVRIWKLVDUWLFOHVXFKGH¿FLHQFLHVDUHQHFHVVDULO\FKDUDFWHULVWLFRISLRQHHULQJ DQGH[SORUDWRU\ZRUN,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\7KHUDS\DQGWKH,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\0RGHOKDYHVKRZQJUHDW SURPLVHLQVHYHUDODGGLFWLRQWUHDWPHQWFHQWHUVLQ&DSH7RZQ6RXWK$IULFDVLQFHWKHLULQFHSWLRQDQGDSSOLFD WLRQLQ'X3OHVVLV &OLHQWVDQGWKHUDSLVWVDOLNHKDYHUHSRUWHGWKLVDSSURDFKWREHRIJUHDWYDOXH DQGDQHFGRWDOUHSRUWVDUHSURPLVLQJ7KLVDUWLFOHLVQRWWKH¿QDOZRUGRQ,QWHJUDO$GGLFWLRQ7UHDWPHQWLWLV PHUHO\DWHQWDWLYHDQGPRGHVWDWWHPSWWRVKRZZKDWSRVVLELOLWLHVH[LVWZKHQDSSO\LQJ,QWHJUDO7KHRU\LQWKH FRQWH[WRILQGLYLGXDOSV\FKRWKHUDS\ZLWKDGGLFWHGSRSXODWLRQVDQGKRSHVWRVWLPXODWHLQWHUHVWWRZDUGWKH HYHQWXDOGHYHORSPHQWDQGIXOOÀRZHULQJRIDZHOOUHVHDUFKHGFRPSUHKHQVLYH,QWHJUDO$GGLFWLRQ7UHDWPHQW WKHRU\DQGSUDFWLFH
,QP\RSLQLRQ*HQHUDO-DQ6PXWV6RXWK$IULFDQVWDWHVPDQSKLORVRSKHUDQGDXWKRURI ZDVRQHRIWKH¿UVWWUXO\PRGHUQLQWHJUDOWKLQNHUV6PXWVZKRFRLQHGWKHWHUP³KROLVP´DQGZKRZDVWKH¿UVWWR SURPRWHDKROLVWLFHSLVWHPRORJ\LVPRVWO\IRUJRWWHQE\FRQWHPSRUDU\DFDGHPLD,WLVZHOONQRZQWKDW)ULW]3HUOVFR IRXQGHURIJHVWDOWWKHUDS\ZDVJUHDWO\LQÀXHQFHGE\6PXWV¶KROLVWLFWKHRU\ZKLOHOLYLQJLQ6RXWK$IULFDDIWHUÀHHLQJ IRUKLVFODVVHVLQ9LHQQDDQGKDGLWWUDQVODWHG 1D]L*HUPDQ\DVZDV$OIUHG$GOHU$GOHUXVHG LQWR*HUPDQ DQGGHVFULEHVKROLVPWKHRU\LQDOHWWHUWR6PXWVDV³VXSSO\LQJWKHVFLHQWL¿FDQGSKLORVRSKLFDOEDVLV IRUWKHJUHDWDGYDQFHLQSV\FKRORJ\ZKLFKKDGEHHQPDGHLQUHFHQW\HDUV´DVFLWHGLQ%ODFNHQEHUJS 5REHUWR$VVDJLROLDFNQRZOHGJHV6PXWVDVWKHRULJLQDWRURIWKHKR )XUWKHUPRUHLQKLVERRN OLVWLFDSSURDFKDVZHOODVRIWKHSV\FKRORJ\RISHUVRQDOLW\VXEVHTXHQWO\LQÀXHQFLQJWKLQNHUVOLNH0DVORZDQG$OOSRUW $VVDJLROL GHVFULEHV6PXWV¶KROLVWLFDSSURDFKDVRQHRIWKHPRVW³VLJQL¿FDQWDQGYDOXDEOHFRQWULEXWLRQVWRWKH NQRZOHGJHRIKXPDQQDWXUHDQGLWVEHWWHUPHQW´S 8QIRUWXQDWHO\WKHPDMRULW\RIPRGHUQKROLVWLFWKLQNHUVVHOGRP DFNQRZOHGJHKLVSLRQHHULQJZRUN+RZHYHU.HQ:LOEHUKROGV6PXWV¶ZRUNLQKLJKUHJDUGDQGZDVLQÀXHQFHGE\KLP LQWKHHDUO\VWDJHVRIKLVFDUHHUSHUVRQDOFRPPXQLFDWLRQ0D\ GRHVQRWXVHWKHWHUP³DGGLFWLRQ´EXWUDWKHU³VXEVWDQFHDEXVHGLVRUGHUV´VLQFHWKH:RUOG+HDOWK 2UJDQL]DWLRQFRQFOXGHGLQWKDWDGGLFWLRQLVQRORQJHUDVFLHQWL¿FWHUP+RZHYHUWKHVRRQWREHSXEOLVKHG ZLOOXVHWKHWHUP³DGGLFWLYHGLVRUGHUV´LQVWHDGRI³VXEVWDQFHGHSHQGHQFH´)RUWKHSXUSRVHVRIWKLVDUWLFOHWKHWHUP UHIHUVWRVXEVWDQFHXVHGLVRUGHUVDQGSURFHVVDGGLFWLRQVVXFKDVVH[DGGLFWLRQDQGSDWKRORJLFDOJDPEOLQJ DQG DUHXVHGDVXPEUHOODWHUPVWRUHSUHVHQWLQWHJUDOO\LQIRUPHGWKH RU\DQGSUDFWLFHLQWKH¿HOGRIDGGLFWLRQRORJ\DGGLFWLRQWUHDWPHQWDQGUHFRYHU\,QWHJUDO$GGLFWLRQ7UHDWPHQWUHIHUV WRWKHPRUHDFDGHPLFDQGFOLQLFDODSSOLFDWLRQVRILQWHJUDOO\LQIRUPHGDSSURDFKHVWRDGGLFWLRQWUHDWPHQWDQGUHVHDUFK ZKHUHDV,QWHJUDO5HFRYHU\UHIHUVWRLQWHJUDOO\LQIRUPHGDSSURDFKHVWRHDUO\DVZHOODVODWHVWDJHVWRWKHUHFRYHU\SUR FHVV
¥
ª
«
¬
®
¯
°
±
²
°
³
¦
§
¨
¦
¤
¨
©
¡
¢
£
¤
¡
¢
£
¤
´
²
µ
§
¤
±
³
r
s
¤
©
¶
·
¸
_
`
a
b
§
c
¤
d
e
±
`
·
f
g
c
©
h
i
j
¤
b
©
d
e
k
´
¤
l
i
`
b
m
d
c
¤
n
©
¶
o
·
b
d
p
©
h
q
p
i
§
¢
©
·
¦
®
¯
°
t
u
v
w
x
y
z
v
w
{
y
w
|
}
~
w
y
v
w
y
z
,XVHWKHWHUP WRPHDQDVHWRIVRFLDOSUDFWLFHVRUEHKDYLRUDOLQMXQFWLRQVDVZDVRULJLQDOO\LQWHQGHGE\ 7KRPDV.XKQ )RUH[DPSOHDFOLHQWLQHDUO\UHFRYHU\DQGDWDSUHFRQWHPSODWLRQVWDJHRIFKDQJHZLOOEHDVVLJQHGFHUWDLQSUDFWLFHV DSSURSULDWHIRUKLVKHUUHFRYHU\DOWLWXGHDVZHOODVSUDFWLFHVWKDWZLOOKHOSWKHFOLHQWWRPRYHIURPDSUHFRQWHPSODWLRQ WRDFRQWHPSODWLRQVWDJHRIFKDQJH'L&OHPHQWH 3URFKDVND 7KHFOLHQW¶VUHFRYHU\DOWLWXGHDQGVWDJHRI FKDQJHDVZHOODVKLVKHUJHQHUDOVWDJHRIGHYHORSPHQWPXVWEHFRQVLGHUHGLQFKRRVLQJDSSURSULDWHWKHUDSLHVDQGUH FRYHU\SUDFWLFHV ,WPD\EHXVHIXOLQWKHIXWXUHWRGHYHORSDWD[RQRP\RIUHFRYHU\EDVHGLQWHUYHQWLRQVVLPLODUWRWKH,QWHJUDO7D[RQR P\RI7KHUDSHXWLF,QWHUYHQWLRQV,77, GHYLVHGE\$QGUH0DUTXLV $OWKRXJKPDQ\RIWKHREVHUYDEOHEHKDYLRUVRIDFOLHQW¶V,53WKDWDUHJURXSHGXQGHURWKHUUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQV VKRXOGWKHRUHWLFDOO\EHFODVVL¿HGXQGHUWKH85TXDGUDQW,ZLOOFODVVLI\WKHUDSHXWLFDQGUHFRYHU\SUDFWLFHVUHODWLYHWR WKHTXDGUDQWLQZKLFKWKH\SULPDULO\FUHDWHFKDQJHDQGKHDOLQJ &OHDUO\WKHPHQWDOHPRWLRQDODQGVSLULWXDOUHFRYHU\GLPHQVLRQVDUHLQWHUUHODWHGDQGRYHUODSPDNLQJLWGLI¿FXOWWR JURXSFHUWDLQSUDFWLFHVXQGHUVSHFL¿FGLPHQVLRQV+RZHYHULWVKRXOGEHUHPHPEHUHGWKDWWKHVHDUHDEVWUDFWDQGQRW RQWRORJLFDOFODVVL¿FDWLRQVIRUSUDJPDWLFWKHUDSHXWLFSXUSRVHV 0\SHUVSHFWLYHRQOLQHVRIGHYHORSPHQWLVWKDWFHUWDLQOLQHVKDYHGHYHORSPHQWDOOLPLWV7KHUHIRUH,EHOLHYHXVLQJD JHQHUDOL]HGGHYHORSPHQWDOLQGH[IRUDOOW\SHVRIOLQHVQRUPDOO\XVHGLQLQWHJUDOVWXGLHVLVWKHRUHWLFDOO\LQFRUUHFW,Q P\YLHZWKLVLVRQHRIWKHUHDVRQVZK\FXUUHQWLQWHJUDOO\LQIRUPHGSV\FKRJUDSKVUXQLQWRSUREOHPVʊWKH\DUHQRW G\QDPLFHQRXJKDQGXVHWKHVDPHVWDJHGHYHORSPHQWDOPRGHOVIRUDOOW\SHVRIOLQHV,IZHXVH:LOEHU¶VVWDJHPRGHO LWVHHPVWKDWWKHERG\UHODWHGOLQHVFDQRQO\SURJUHVVWRSUHSHUVRQDOOHYHOVWKHPLQGUHODWHGOLQHVWRSHUVRQDODQG WKHVSLULWXDOUHODWHGOLQHVWRWUDQVSHUVRQDO7KHUHIRUHLWZRXOGEHLQFRUUHFWWRUHIHUWRERG\RUPLQGUHODWHGOLQHVDV WUDQVSHUVRQDO ,WPXVWEHQRWHGWKDWWKHVHVWDJHPRGHOVDUHPHDQWWREHXVHGRQO\DVRULHQWLQJJHQHUDOL]DWLRQVQRWDVULJLGWRROVIRU WUHDWPHQWSURWRFRO,WLVQRWFOHDUKRZHJRGHYHORSPHQWFRUUHODWHVZLWKWKHYDULRXVVWDJHVRUSKDVHV RIUHFRYHU\PRG HOV\HW,EHOLHYHWKH\DUHUHODWHG7KLVLVDQRWKHUDUHDIRUIXWXUHUHVHDUFKLQWKHHPHUJLQJ¿HOGRI,QWHJUDO$GGLFWLRQ 7UHDWPHQW 8QGHUVWDQGLQJWKHQDWXUHRIWKHDPEHUFRQIRUPLVWVWDJH&RRN*UHXWHU:LOEHU DQGLWVUHODWLRQWR GHYHORSPHQWLQUHFRYHU\DOORZVXVWRVHHZK\LWLVQHFHVVDU\WRIROORZWKHRIWHQULJLGVWUXFWXUHDQGUXOHVRIHDUO\UH FRYHU\7ZHOYH6WHSIHOORZVKLSVDUHRIWHQFULWLFL]HGIRUKDYLQJWRRPXFKG\VIXQFWLRQDODPEHUVWUXFWXUH.DVO , EHOLHYHWKLVSDUWLFXODUFULWLFLVPDJDLQVW6WHSIHOORZVKLSVLVPLVJXLGHG$SDUWIURPWKHIDFWWKDWPRVW6WHSIHOORZ VKLSV¶FXOWXUDOQRUPVIXQFWLRQPRUHIURPDJUHHQSOXUDOLVWLFVWDJHSHUVSHFWLYHKHQFHLWVQRQH[FOXVLRQDU\SOXUDOLVWLF DWWLWXGHWRZDUGVVSLULWXDOLW\DQGPHPEHUVKLS WKH\SURYLGHWKHQHFHVVDU\KHDOWK\DPEHUVWUXFWXUHWKDWLVLPSHUDWLYHWR VXVWDLQDEOHHDUO\UHFRYHU\,QRUGHUWRDGYDQFHIURPWKHUHGHJRFHQWULFVWDJHVRIDGGLFWLRQWRKLJKHUVWDJHVUHFRYHU LQJDGGLFWVPXVW¿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¿QHGLIIHUHQWDGGLF WLRQUHFRYHU\W\SHVWKDWFDQDVVLVWLQPRUHSHUVRQDOL]HGDGGLFWLRQWUHDWPHQWSURWRFROV $UHVHDUFKVWXG\IRXQGDVWULNLQJUHODWLRQVKLSEHWZHHQSHUVRQDOLW\SUHIHUUHGFRSLQJVW\OHDQGGUXJVRIFKRLFH 0LONPDQ )URVFK ,WVKRZHGWKDWLQGLYLGXDOVZKRSUHIHUUHGGHSUHVVDQWVVXFKDVKHURLQXVHGSDVVLYHZLWK
º
·
¶
_
`
a
b
c
d
e
`
f
g
c
h
i
j
b
d
e
k
l
i
`
b
m
d
c
n
o
b
d
p
h
q
p
i
r
s
¹
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±OLNHIXQFWLRQIRUWKHPDVFXOLQH SROH 7KH,5WKHUDSLVWLPSOHPHQWVFHUWDLQPHWKRGRORJLHVDVVRFLDWHGZLWKSRVLWLYHSV\FKRORJ\ZKLFKIRFXVRQFKDUDFWHU VWUHQJWKVDQGYLUWXHVDVRXWOLQHGLQWKHERRN&KDUDFWHU6WUHQJWKVDQG9LUWXHV$+DQGERRNDQG&ODVVL¿FDWLRQ VRQ 6HOLJPDQ 7KHFODVVL¿FDWLRQRIWKHYLUWXHVDQGFKDUDFWHUVWUHQJWKVDVRXWOLQHGE\&KULVWRSKHU3HWHU VRQDQG0DUWLQ6HOLJPDQ JLYHVWKHUDSLVWDQGFOLHQWDVWUXFWXUHWRDVVHVVLQGLYLGXDOVWUHQJWKV7KH,5WKHUDSLVW IRFXVHVRQWKHLGHQWL¿FDWLRQDFNQRZOHGJHPHQWDQGIRUWL¿FDWLRQRIWKHFKDUDFWHUVWUHQJWKVRIWKHFOLHQW7KHUDS\LV WKHQQRWPHUHO\IRFXVHGRQ¿[LQJZKDWLVG\VIXQFWLRQDOEXWDOVRRQQXUWXULQJWKHSRVLWLYHUHVRXUFHVRIWKHLQGLYLGXDO 0RVWVXEWOHERG\SUDFWLFHVRULJLQDWHGLQWKH)DU(DVWZKHUHWKH\KDYHEHHQLQXVHIRUWKRXVDQGVRI\HDUV7KLVV\V WHPDVVXPHVWKDWDSDUWIURPRXUJURVVERGLHVZHKDYHDQRQSK\VLFDORUVXEWOHHQHUJ\WKDWSHUPHDWHVDQGFLUFXODWHV WKURXJKRXWRXUERGLHV,QYDULRXVPHGLFDOWUDGLWLRQVLWLVFDOOHGGLIIHUHQWQDPHVEXWLWHVVHQWLDOO\UHIHUVWRWKHVDPH SKHQRPHQRQʊLQ,QGLDQPHGLFLQHLW¶VNQRZVDV LQ&KLQHVHPHGLFLQHDV DQGLQ-DSDQHVHKHDOLQJWUDGLWLRQV 1XWULWLRQDQGGLHWDU\VXSSOHPHQWVFDQSOD\DVLJQL¿FDQWUROHLQUHFRYHU\+RZHYHUPDQ\GLHWDU\DQGQXWULWLRQDODS SURDFKHVWKDWKDYHEHFRPHDYDLODEOHLQUHFHQW\HDUVIRUWUHDWLQJDGGLFWLRQVSURPLVHUDWKHURXWODQGLVKUHVXOWV0RVWRI WKHVHDSSURDFKHVDUHEDVHGRQDVLPLODUSUHPLVHXVHGLQELRORJLFDOSV\FKLDWU\DGLVFLSOLQHRIWHQYLHZHGDVUHGXFWLRQ LVWLQ³KROLVWLF´FLUFOHV LQLWVH[WUHPHIRUPLWVWDWHVWKDWDEQRUPDOLWLHVLQEUDLQFKHPLVWU\DQGPHWDEROLVPDUHSULPDU\ ULVNIDFWRUVDQGRUFDXVHVRIDGGLFWLRQ5HFWLI\LQJWKHLPEDODQFHZLOOHOLPLQDWHDGGLFWLRQ&OHDUO\IURPDQLQWHJUDO SHUVSHFWLYHWKLVDPRXQWVWRTXDGUDQWDEVROXWLVPDVLUUHJXODUQHXURSK\VLRORJ\LVRQO\RQHRIWKHSRVVLEOH HWLRORJLFDO ULVNIDFWRUVLQWKLVPXOWLGLPHQVLRQDOGLVRUGHU,XVHGWRYDOXHWKHZRUNRI3DWULFN+ROIRUGLQWKHFRQWH[WRIDGGLFWLRQ EXWKDYHEHFRPHLQFUHDVLQJO\VNHSWLFDORIKLVWKHRULHVSDUWLFXODUO\KLV³FKHUU\SLFNLQJ´RIUHVHDUFKUHVXOWVWRYDOLGDWH KLVFODLPVDQGUDQJHRISURGXFWV ,EHOLHYHPDQ\SK\VLRORJLFDOWKHRULHVRIDGGLFWLRQKDYHJUHDWPHULWDVHWLRORJLFDO ULVNIDFWRUVEXWRQFHDGGLFWLRQKDVKLMDFNHGVRWRVSHDNDQLQGLYLGXDO¶VEUDLQFKHPLVWU\VXSSOHPHQWVRUPHGLFDWLRQLV QRWJRLQJWRUHYHUVHWKHFRPSOH[QHXURSK\VLRORJLFDODGDSWDWLRQWKDWDQDGGLFW¶VEUDLQZLOOKDYHXQGHUJRQHDVDUHVXOW RIDGGLFWLRQ 8QIRUWXQDWHO\QRDVSHFWRI6WHSSKLORVRSK\LVDVPLVXQGHUVWRRGDQGPLVUHSUHVHQWHGDVLWVVSLULWXDOFRPSRQHQW 7ZHOYH6WHSSURJUDPVDUHRIWHQFULWLFL]HGIRUEHLQJUHOLJLRXVIXQGDPHQWDOLVWRUSURPRWLQJDQDPEHUVWDJHEHOLHILQD ³KLJKHUSRZHU´.DVO 7KLVLVVLPSO\QRWWUXH$FWXDOO\6WHSSURJUDPVDGRSWDSOXUDOLVWLFVWDQFHWRZDUGWKH LGHDRIVSLULWXDOLW\DQGWKHFRQFHSWRIDKLJKHUSRZHU7KH\SURPRWHWKHSOXUDOLVWLFFRQFHSWRID³KLJKHUSRZHURI\RXU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ´DQGVXJJHVWWKDWPHPEHUVFKRRVHDVSLULWXDORULHQWDWLRQWKH\DUHFRPIRUWDEOHZLWKDWWKHLUFXUUHQWVWDJH RIGHYHORSPHQW ,QFHUWDLQVXEFXOWXUHVGUXJXVHLVRIWHQJORUL¿HGIRULWVP\VWLFDODQGWUDQVFHQGHQWSURSHUWLHVDQGWKHLQGLYLGXDOVLQ WKHVHVXEFXOWXUHVRIWHQMXVWLI\WKHLUIUHTXHQWXVHRIGUXJVWKURXJKVSLULWXDOYDOXHV7KHSUREOHPLVQRWWKDWWKHLQJHV WLRQRISV\FKRDFWLYHVXEVWDQFHVFDQQRWSURGXFHDXWKHQWLFP\VWLFDOH[SHULHQFHVRUWKDWVRPHRIWKHVHLQGLYLGXDOVDUH QRWDXWKHQWLFDOO\GULYHQWR¿QGVSLULWXDOHQOLJKWHQPHQWWKURXJKWKHXVHRISV\FKRDFWLYHVXEVWDQFHVEXWUDWKHUWKDW WKHSUHYDOHQWGUXJXVHLQWKHVHFXOWXUHVLVRIWHQGULYHQVLPSO\E\DQHHG³WRJHWKLJK´DQGQRWDVSLULWXDOPRWLYDWLRQ &RQVHTXHQWO\PRVWLQGLYLGXDOVDUHWKHUHWRJHWKLJKQRWWREHFRPHHQOLJKWHQHGEXWXVHWKHVHORIW\LGHDOVDVUDWLR QDOL]DWLRQVIRUPRUHSULPLWLYHLPSXOVHV7KHSUREOHPLVWKDWWKHIUHTXHQWXVHRIWKHVHGUXJVKDVORQJWHUPHIIHFWVWKDW DUHGDPDJLQJSK\VLRORJLFDOO\SV\FKRORJLFDOO\DQGLURQLFDOO\VSLULWXDOO\3V\FKHGHOLFVLQFOXGLQJPDULMXDQDZKLFK »
À
Ç
È
É
Æ
r
s
s
_
`
a
b
c
d
e
`
f
g
c
h
i
j
b
d
e
k
l
i
`
b
m
d
c
n
o
b
d
p
h
q
p
i
Á
Â
Ã
Â
Ä
Å
Æ
¼
½
¾
½
¿
à
á
â
ã
ä
å
æ
â
ã
ç
å
ã
è
é
ê
ã
å
ë
â
ì
ã
å
æ
í
ë
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¶V GHYHORSPHQWDOPRGHOZHFDQVHH ZK\DFRPPXQLW\LVVRLPSRUWDQWHVSHFLDOO\LQHDUO\UHFRYHU\$VDGGLFWVPRYHRXWRIWKHHJRFHQWULFUHGDOWLWXGHRI DGGLFWLRQLQWRWKHHWKQRFHQWULFDPEHUDOWLWXGHRIHDUO\UHFRYHU\WKH\HQWHUDVWDJHRIGHYHORSPHQWZKHUHWKHLUJURXS SOD\VDVLJQL¿FDQWUROHLQKHDOWK\GHYHORSPHQWDQGLQWHJUDWLRQ 6XEVHTXHQWWRLWVLQFHSWLRQDW7DEDQNXOX6HFRQGDU\5HFRYHU\&HQWHULQWKH,QWHJUDWHG5HFRYHU\0RGHOKDV EHHQDSSOLHGLQVHYHUDORWKHUWUHDWPHQWIDFLOLWLHVLQ&DSH7RZQ$W7DEDQNXOX6HFRQGDU\LQIRUPDOTXDQWLWDWLYHUH VHDUFKZDVFRQGXFWHGE\WKHVWDIIPHDVXUHGE\WKHDPRXQWRIH[FOLHQWVZKRDFKLHYHGD\HDU¶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É
î
Æ
ï
ð
ñ
Â
Ã
ò
ó
ó
ó
ô
ñ
Å
ð
õ
ð
Â
ö
÷
ò
Â
Á
ö
ó
î
Å
ø
ö
ó
ù
ú
û
ý
ó
ü
ó
Ä
Æ
Â
ï
ù
ð
ö
þ
ÿ
þ
þ
%RZGHQ - *UDYLW] +
þ
û
ù
Á
Â
ö
Æ
ñ
Æ
ó
Æ
À
ù
ð
Â
Ã
ö
ñ
ð
Ä
Å
ó
Ä
ð
ö
Â
À
À
Á
Ä
Â
Å
Æ
Æ
Ä
ð
ù
ó
Â
ó
Ã
ô
Å
ð
ó
ù
ù
Æ
ð
Ä
ñ
ð
Â
Ã
À
ó
Â
Ã
Ã
ö
ó
ñ
ð
ù
Ã
ñ
Å
ð
Æ
û
Â
Ã
Â
ù
À
Á
Æ
Ã
Ã
ï
Â
ð
ö
ð
Á
Æ
Ä
ð
û
ó
ù
ñ
Æ
ó
Å
ý
î
ü
ñ
Å
ð
ñ
Å
ó
Å
ñ
ó
ô
ð
Ã
ð
Á
Â
ù
É
É
ï
Â
ó
ô
ñ
ô
ð
Æ
Ã
ö
ï
ó
ö
ó
Á
É
ó
ó
Á
ñ
Á
Á
Â
î
ü
õ
û
ð
ð
À
Á
ó
Á
Â
ô
ó
Á
Å
ð
Â
ù
Æ
Ã
2DNODQG&$1HZ+DUELQJHU3XE
Â
OLVKLQJ,QF %ORFN6+ %ORFN&%
ó
ð
ñ
ó
ó
Á
ð
Ã
ð
+LOOVERUR 25%H\RQG:RUGV3XEOLVKLQJ,QF %RXUQH( )R[5 1HZ